Department of English and American Studies Bc. Bára Houžvová the Representation of Trauma and Healing in the Leftovers 2019
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies North-American Culture Studies Bc. Bára Houžvová The Representation of Trauma and Healing in The Leftovers Master’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Tomáš Pospíšil, Ph.D. 2019 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor doc. PhDr. Tomáš Pospíšil, Ph.D.for his kind guidance, patience, and advice that he has given me throughout the process of writing this thesis and beyond. And my utmost thanks go to my parents for their boundless encouragement, support, patience and love. This thesis would not have been written without them. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5 2 Trauma Studies ................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 PTSD ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 The Leftovers and 9/11 ............................................................................................... 17 2.3 Healing....................................................................................................................... 20 3 Mapleton .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 The Guilty Remnant .................................................................................................. 26 3.2 The Garveys ............................................................................................................... 31 3.3 Nora Durst ................................................................................................................. 47 3.4 Matt Jamison.............................................................................................................. 51 3.5 Every End is the New Beginning .............................................................................. 52 4 Miracle ............................................................................................................................. 56 4.1 Axis Mundi ................................................................................................................ 56 4.2 Meet the Neighbours ................................................................................................. 58 4.3 Uninvited Guest ......................................................................................................... 60 4.4 New Hope .................................................................................................................. 70 4.5 Miracle in Miracle ..................................................................................................... 72 4.6 A Long Way to Go ..................................................................................................... 74 5 Australia .......................................................................................................................... 75 5.1 Messiah ...................................................................................................................... 75 5.2 Salvation .................................................................................................................... 79 5.3 Obsession ................................................................................................................... 80 5.4 Love is the Key .......................................................................................................... 82 6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 84 Works Cited ....................................................................................................................... 88 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 93 Resumé ................................................................................................................................ 94 1 Introduction The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of mind. William James, 1842-1910 This quote is written by William James, a very respectable American philosopher, which perfectly illustrates the atmosphere of this thesis. Our subconscious is one of the most fragile parts of our mind, and if it is damaged, it can have fatal consequences. In today's world, people are dealing with a lot of stress and worries, each of us has some. Great demands are placed on education, appearance, work and people who do not correspond to these contemporary standards and expectations are often marginalized and judged. It is important to keep your head cool and not to collapse after every failure or when expectations are not met. But the question remains what to do when our worries grow over our heads and become a disease that is hard to deal with. What if our struggles to create one huge trauma difficult to cope with? And if something like this happens, is there any possibility of recovery? Is there a possibility of healing our soul? Trauma shows itself in many forms. English professor Cathy Caruth describes trauma “as the response to an unexpected Or overwhelming violent event or events that are not fully grasped as they occur but return later in repeated flashbacks, nightmares, and other repetitive phenomena”(Caruth 91). This thesis deals with TV series analysis with the examination of trauma as a broader issue, it means that this thesis observes the individual seasons of The Leftovers and studies its episodes and searches the situations in where the trauma is depicted, and then comments on the findings. As every single episode is different, this work studies the process of healing and observes the individual characters, looks for 5 the kind of trauma the characters experience and processes it with the help of secondary sources such as Unclaimed Experience by Cathy Caruth, A Cognitive Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by Anke Ehlers and Clark, DM. or Narrating Our Healing : Perspectives on Working Through Trauma by Chris N. Van der Merwe and Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela. This topic has not been researched before, in a sense of trauma and healing and it is very contemporary. I chose this topic as I have always been interested in this psychological topic, such as diverse traumatic situation. This thesis provides me the chance to find out new information about this issue and connect it to a television series related to this exact topic of — trauma and healing. In this series, we can find types of trauma such as loss of a wife, loss of children, divorce, suicide and more. This thesis works with different kinds of sources to help with the understanding of the real meaning of this issue, but my thesis is still authentic and original. I find and highlight in individual episodes how they deal with their problems caused by trauma and give my own feedback containing my personal feeling based on my understanding of the psychological source and the use of other sources that help me and my understanding of the topic. The Leftovers is an American TV series based on the novel written by Tom Perrotta and it belongs to the science fiction, mystery, drama, supernatural subgenres. The main plot of this series follows the destiny of the inhabitants of a small New York town called Mapleton and everything that happens three years after 2% of the human population disappears, and they have no idea what has happened or how. Each of the main characters is part of the disaster and each of them struggles with loss since that point in time. The fate of the characters is intermingled, their feeling of loss and how they deal with this traumatic event to resolve different unpleasant situations and how 6 they choose to deal with it. Damon Lindelof´s (co-creator and show runner of the famous TV series Lost) and Tom Perrotta´s (the other co-creators are Mimi Leader, Peter Berg, Sarah Aubrey, Mimi Leder, Tom Spezialy and Eugene Kelly) TV show The Leftovers aired on the HBO (Home Box Office) television network from June 2014 to June 2017. This series has three seasons, the first two consist of ten episodes and the final third season contains only eight. The most successful was the first season (it was even praised by Stephen King), the third and the second season however was met with a rather negative response. Through the lens of the show, this thesis seeks to identify and analyse all of three seasons of this series and tries to pinpoint different types of trauma in individual characters and evaluates their efforts to heal them. The thesis deals with questions like what kind of situation caused them trauma, do they find salvation, and do they find peace. Does exist something that can help to heal themselves? The thesis is divided into six chapters, of which the second chapter avers basic explanation of trauma and other chapters focuses on all of three seasons of The Leftovers, with trauma analysis and the storyline of the most relevant characters and the circumstances of their life. Every main chapter is further compartmentalized into sub- chapters, each dealing with a specific issue or aspect of the respective