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Mobile 2D and 3D Spatial Query Techniques for the Geospatial Web

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Mobile 2D and 3D Spatial Query Techniques for the Geospatial Web Technological University Dublin ARROW@TU Dublin Doctoral Engineering 2013-9 Mobile 2D and 3D Spatial Query Techniques for the Geospatial Web Junjun Yin Technological University Dublin, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/engdoc Part of the Geographic Information Sciences Commons, and the Human Geography Commons Recommended Citation Yin, J. (2013) Mobile 2D and 3D Spatial Query Techniques for the Geospatial Web. Doctoral Thesis, Technological University Dublin. doi:10.21427/D7SK53 This Theses, Ph.D is brought to you for free and open access by the Engineering at ARROW@TU Dublin. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral by an authorized administrator of ARROW@TU Dublin. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License Mobile 2D and 3D Spatial Query Techniques for the Geospatial Web Junjun Yin BSc. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 MSc. University of Gävle, Sweden, 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Spatial Information Technology) Digital Media Centre Dublin Institute of Technology September 2013 Advisors: Dr. James D. Carswell, Head of Spatial Technologies Research Group, Digital Media Centre, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) Dr. Michela Bertolotto, Senior Lecturer, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin (UCD) I certify that this thesis which I now submit for examination for the award of Ph.D., is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others, save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. This thesis was prepared according to the regulations for postgraduate study by research of the Dublin Institute of Technology and has not been submitted in whole or in part for another award in any other third level institution. The work reported on in this thesis conforms to the principles and requirements of the DIT's guidelines for ethics in research. DIT has permission to keep, lend or copy this thesis in whole or in part, on condition that any such use of the material of the thesis be duly acknowledged. Signature __________________________________ Date _______________ Candidate i Acknowledgements First and foremost, I must thank my advisor, Dr. James D. Carswell, whose wisdom and patience makes it possible for me to complete this thesis. His supervision and encouragement have taught me to be persistent and determined about the research I undertake. He has been a great role model for me to look up to. I am also very grateful to my advisor, Dr. Michela Bertolotto. She provided me with a lot of constructive suggestions and advice throughout my PhD study. Her professionalism in research is a great inspiration to me. I truly appreciate their great efforts and valuable comments on shaping this thesis. I would like to express my gratitude to all the people who have encouraged and helped me during my four-year studies in Ireland. To Dr. Binbin Lu and Dr. Yi Wang, I cherish the friendship. To my colleague, Keith Gardiner, I am grateful to the numerous pleasant discussions and humour in the office. I would give my special thanks to my parents. Even though they are thousands of miles away from me in China, their unconditional support and love help me keep moving forward. Especially, I would like to thank Yun Jin for her patience and support. This research was funded by a Strategic Research Cluster Grant (07/SRC/I1168) by Science Foundation Ireland under the National Development Plan. I gratefully acknowledge this support. ii Abstract The increasing availability of abundant geographically referenced information in the Geospatial Web provides a variety of opportunities for developing value-added LBS applications. However, large data volumes of the Geospatial Web and small mobile device displays impose a data visualization problem, as the amount of searchable information overwhelms the display when too many query results are returned. Excessive returned results clutter the mobile display, making it harder for users to prioritize information and causes confusion and usability problems. Mobile Spatial Interaction (MSI) research into this “information overload” problem is ongoing where map personalization and other semantic based filtering mechanisms are essential to de-clutter and adapt the exploration of the real-world to the processing/display limitations of mobile devices. In this thesis, we propose that another way to filter this information is to intelligently refine the search space. 3DQ (3-Dimensional Query) is our novel MSI prototype for information discovery on today’s location and orientation-aware smartphones within 3D Geospatial Web environments. Our application incorporates human interactions (interpreted from embedded sensors) in the geospatial query process by determining the shape of their actual visibility space as a query “window” in a spatial database, e.g. Isovist in 2D and Threat Dome in 3D. This effectively applies hidden query removal (HQR) functionality in 360º 3D that takes into account both the horizontal and vertical dimensions when calculating the 3D search space, significantly reducing display clutter and information overload on mobile devices. The effect is a more accurate and expected search result for mobile LBS applications by returning information on only those objects visible within a user’s 3D field-of-view. iii List of Publications Journals: Yin, J. and Carswell, J. 2013. Spatial Search Techniques for Mobile 3D Queries in Sensor Web Environments. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, vol. 2(1), pp. 135-154 Carswell, J.D., Gardiner, K. and Yin, J. 2010. Mobile Visibility Querying for LBS. Transactions in GIS, vol. 14(6), pp. 791-809 Carswell, J., Gardiner, K. and Yin, J. 2010. 3DQ: Threat Dome Visibility Querying on Mobile Devices. GIM International, vol. 24(8) Conference Proceedings: Thi, T.T.P., Truong-Hong, L., Yin, J. and Carswell, J.D. 2013. Exploring Spatial Business Data: A ROA Based eCampus Application. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (Banff, AB: Springer Berlin Heidelberg), LNCS vol. 7820, pp. 164-179 Truong-Hong, L., Thi, T.T.P., Yin, J. and Carswell, J.D. 2013. Preparing Detailed 3D Building Models for Google Earth Integration. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2013) (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Springer), LNCS vol. 7974 (4), pp. 61-76 Carswell, J.D. and Yin, J. 2012. Mobile Spatial Interaction in the Future Internet of Things. IEEE GeoScience & Remote Sensing Society; GeoInformatics 2012 - Global Change, Adaption, and Risk Management; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, June 2012, pp. 1-6 Yin, J. and Carswell, J. 2012. Effects of Variations in 3D Spatial Search Techniques on Mobile Query Speed vs. Accuracy. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (Naples, Italy: Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg), LNCS vol. 7236, pp. 1-16 *Best Paper Award* Yin, J. and Carswell, J.D. 2012. MobiSpatial: Open Source for Mobile Spatial Interaction. 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, ACMSAC 978-1-4503-0857-1/12/03, Riva del Garda, Italy, March, 2012 Yin, J. and Carswell, J. 2011. Touch2Query Enabled Mobile Devices: A Case Study Using OpenStreetMap and iPhone. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (Kyoto, Japan: Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg), LNCS vol. 6574, pp. 203-218 Gardiner, K., Yin, J. and Carswell, J. 2009. EgoViz - A Mobile-based Spatial Interaction System. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (Maynooth, Ireland: Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg), LNCS vol. 5886, pp. 135-152 iv Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Accessing the Geospatial Web on Mobile Devices ............................................................. 1 1.2. Problem Statement and Motivation ...................................................................................... 3 1.3. Proposed Approach .............................................................................................................. 5 1.4. Research Challenges ............................................................................................................ 8 1.5. Main Contributions of Thesis ............................................................................................ 10 1.6. Organization of Remaining Chapters ................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2. Background .................................................................................................................. 13 2.1. Overview ...........................................................................................................................
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