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Kits and Methods for Extracting Rna

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Kits and Methods for Extracting Rna (19) TZZ¥_¥_T (11) EP 3 135 769 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 01.03.2017 Bulletin 2017/09 C12Q 1/68 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 15182605.4 (22) Date of filing: 26.08.2015 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB • Wende, Andy GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO 40724 Hilden (DE) PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR • Werner, Sabine Designated Extension States: 40724 Hilden (DE) BA ME Designated Validation States: (74) Representative: Friedrich, Rainer MA Df-mp Dörries Frank-Molnia & Pohlman Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB (71) Applicant: Qiagen GmbH Fünf Höfe / Theatinerstraße 16 40724 Hilden (DE) 80333 München (DE) (54) KITS AND METHODS FOR EXTRACTING RNA (57) The present invention provides novel kits and vention are therefore particularly useful for extracting methods for extracting RNA from an RNA-containing RNA from complex samples such as blood, plasma and sample. The kits and methods of the invention employ a swabs, said lysis buffer comprises a zwitterionic buffering lysisbuffer and a heat-metastable protease which togeth- agent, a chelating agent, a basic amino acid, a cyclic er achieve an improved efficiency of RNA extraction from amino acid, a calcium salt, a non-ionic non-denaturing biological samples, including from samples with a high detergent, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). level of RNAse activity. The kits and methods of the in- EP 3 135 769 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 3 135 769 A1 Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 [0001] The present invention relates to kits and methods for extracting RNA from an RNA-containing sample. The kits and methods of the invention employ a particular lysis buffer and a heat-metastable protease, which together result in an improved efficiency of RNA extraction from biological samples. The kits and methods of the invention are capable of extracting RNA from biological samples which contain a high level of RNAse activity and are therefore particularly useful in the fields of RNA analysis and diagnostics. 10 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] The determination of RNA levels is of great importance in the fields of molecular biology and cell biology as well as in the field of diagnostics, particularly for the analysis of gene expression. The activities of genes can be determine d 15 directly by the analysis of the RNA, in particular the mRNA in cells. The quantitative analysis of transcript samples (mRNA samples) in cells by modern molecular-biological methods enables the recognition, for example, of wrongly expressed genes whereby metabolic disorders, infections or the formation of cancer can be recognised. The analysis of RNA is also used for the direct detection of infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi etc. RNA analysis methods include principally reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), Northern blotting, and 20 the like. These methods depend on a consistent supply of high quality RNA. Therefore, effective and reliable procedures to extract intact RNA from biological samples are essential. [0003] Biological samples, such as blood, sputum, urine, tissue etc., contain cells or organisms. In order to extract nucleic acid, including RNA, from the cells or organisms of the sample, the cells or organisms must be disintegrated, so that the contents are not present within but outside of the cells or organisms. The disintegration of cells or organisms is 25 called lysis; the disintegrated cells or organisms are also called lysates. [0004] An early method for isolating total RNA is disclosed in Chirgwin, J. M. et al: Biochem, 18:5294-5299 (1979). In that procedure, RNA-containing tissue is homogenized in a solution containing guanidinium thiocyanate, sodium citrate and 2-mercaptoethanol. The homogenate is then centrifuged and the supernatant decanted and mixed with acetic acid andabsolute ethanol.Overnight storage at -20°Cprecipitates the RNA and it isrecovered in pellet form after centrifugation. 30 The pellet is re-dissolved in a buffered guanidine hydrochloride solution and re-precipitated by adding acetic acid and ethanol. The last step is repeated and the isolated RNA is recovered in pellet form. Clearly, this method is rather laborious and time-consuming. [0005] Subsequently, many prior art methods of isolating nucleic acid from complex starting materials like whole blood, blood serum, urine or faeces usually comprise lysis of biological material by a detergent in the presence of protein 35 degrading enzymes, followed by several rounds of extraction with organic solvents, e.g., phenol and/or chloroform, ethanol precipitation and dialysis of the nucleic acids (see, for example US 5,681,946). However, these methods are also rather laborious and time-consuming. Furthermore, the relatively large number of steps required to purify nucleic acid from such starting materials increases the risk of transmission of nucleic acid from sample to sample in the simul- taneous processing of several clinical samples. When the nucleic acid is isolated for the subsequent detection of the 40 presence of nucleic acid of, e.g., a pathogen such as a virus or a bacterium, by means of a nucleic acid amplification method, the increased risk of such a transmission of nucleic acid between different samples may cause false positive results which are a serious drawback. [0006] In another method, phenol and guanidine procedures were combined, resulting in a method of total RNA isolation that can be completed in about 3 hours (US 4,843,155). This method was improved upon in US 5,346,994, 45 which allows for completion of the RNA isolation in about 1 hour. Those phenol/guanidine methods involve the use of a monophasic solution of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate, commercially available as the reagent Trizol ® (Invitrogen Corp.). Unfortunately, it was found that total RNA samples extracted from clinical isolates using Trizol® or hot phenol methods can experience unacceptable levels of high molecular weight DNA contamination, as determined by ethidium bromide gel electrophoresis. US 8,062,845 discloses a similar method of isolating RNA using Trizol® whereby the 50 contaminating genomic DNA is minimized, although not eliminated. However, this method still involves the use of organic solvents and alcohols, which are hazardous, even in small amounts. Furthermore, it involves time-consuming RNA precipitation. [0007] Other RNA extraction methods take advantage of the fact that nucleic acids bind to acidic surfaces in the presence of chaotropic salt solutions. This was originally described for diatomaceous earth and silicon dioxide particles 55 (US 5,234,809). A process for isolating nucleic acid from a nucleic acid-containing starting material using chaotropic salt solutions involves mixing the starting material with the chaotropic substance and a nucleic acid binding solid phase (e.g. silica particles capable of binding the nucleic acid in the presence of a chaotropic substance), separating the solid phase with the nucleic acid bound thereto from the liquid, washing the solid phase-nucleic acid complexes which are 2 EP 3 135 769 A1 obtained, and if required, eluting the nucleic acid from said complexes (see, for example, WO 98/59076). Alternatively, a combination of chaotropes and alcohols can be used (WO 95/01359). When the chaotropes (and alcohols) are removed from the system, the negatively charged surfaces allow an efficient elution, i.e, dissociation of nucleic acids from the solid phase into the water suspension. Many customary lysis buffers for extraction of nucleic acids now contain chaotropic 5 ion mixtures as salts. However, both chaotropes and alcohols are potentially hazardous chemicals and they can also easily influence downstream analysis, thereby reducing to some extent the user acceptance of the method. Furthermore, the sophisticated purification procedures that often need to be employed with these methods can be very time-consuming. Another potential problem of this method is that, once protein impurities inherent to the sample are washed away, the buffer conditions may allow a renaturation of proteins such as nucleases which, in the case of RNases, reduces RNA yield. 10 [0008] In general, the RNA extraction efficiency of prior art methods is relatively low, particularly for complex samples. In addition, swabs or complex samples such as urine often contain low numbers of cells; therefore, extraction levels and/or the purity of RNA obtained by prior art methods may not always be sufficient and/or appropriate for downstream applications. However, there is presently no method for extraction of RNA from complex samples (or crude samples), which works without chaotropic salt conditions or a sophisticated purification procedure. Clearly, a simple and effective 15 method for RNA extraction from a wide range of biological samples is desirable. Considering the high-throughput nature of many RNA analyses, it is also highly desirable that RNA extraction methods are fast and uncomplicated, e.g. capable of being repeatedly performed direct from cell lysates without the need for sophisticated purification. [0009] Thus, it is the object of the present invention to provide kits and methods for improved extraction of RNA from a biological sample in a simple, rapid, safe and effective procedure. 20 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0010] It was surprisingly found that the particular composition of the lysis buffer according to the kits and methods of the invention, together with a heat-metastable protease, achieves an effective and reliable extraction of RNA from 25 biological target material, even from complex samples. A particular advantage of the kits and methods of the invention is that they employ a lysis buffer which does not require any chaotropic salt for RNA extraction. Thus, the kits and methods of the invention are safe and, moreover, they do not require a sophisticated purification step, thereby providing an uncomplicated and fast procedure for RNA extraction.
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