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From Tongue to Text: the Transmission of the Salem Witchcraft Examination Records
KU ScholarWorks | http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu Please share your stories about how Open Access to this article benefits you. From Tongue to Text: The Transmission of the Salem Witchcraft Examination Records by Peter Grund 2007 This is the author’s accepted manuscript, post peer-review. The original published version can be found at the link below. Grund, Peter. 2007. “From Tongue to Text: The Transmission of the Salem Witchcraft Examination Records.” American Speech 82(2): 119–150. Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2007-005 Terms of Use: http://www2.ku.edu/~scholar/docs/license.shtml This work has been made available by the University of Kansas Libraries’ Office of Scholarly Communication and Copyright. Peter Grund. 2007. “From Tongue to Text: The Transmission of the Salem Witchcraft Examination Records.” American Speech 82(2): 119–150. (the accepted manuscript version, post-peer review) From Tongue to Text: The Transmission of the Salem Witchcraft Examination Records1 Peter Grund, Uppsala University Introduction In the absence of audio recordings, scholars interested in studying the characteristics of spoken language in the early Modern period are forced to rely on written speech-related sources.2 These sources include, among others, drama and fiction dialogue, trial proceedings, and witness depositions. However, at the same time, it has been shown that, although purporting to represent spoken conversation, these texts probably reflect actual spoken language only partially and to different degrees (for the evaluation of the degree of “spokenness” of these text categories, see Culpeper and Kytö 2000; see also Kryk-Kastovsky 2000; Moore 2002). Drama and fiction dialogue, for example, represents constructed speech produced by an author who may have been more or less successful in mimicking contemporaneous spoken conversation. -
The Boundaries of Nationality in Mid-18Th Century Nova Scotia*
GEOFFREY PLANK The Two Majors Cope: The Boundaries of Nationality in Mid-18th Century Nova Scotia* THE 1750S BEGAN OMINOUSLY IN Nova Scotia. In the spring of 1750 a company of French soldiers constructed a fort in a disputed border region on the northern side of the isthmus of Chignecto. The British built a semi-permanent camp only a few hundred yards away. The two armies faced each other nervously, close enough to smell each other's food. In 1754 a similar situation near the Ohio River led to an imperial war. But the empires were not yet ready for war in 1750, and the stand-off at Chignecto lasted five years. i In the early months of the crisis an incident occurred which illustrates many of *' the problems I want to discuss in this essay. On an autumn day in 1750, someone (the identity of this person remains in dispute) approached the British fort waving a white flag. The person wore a powdered wig and the uniform of a French officer. He carried a sword in a sheath by his side. Captain Edward Howe, the commander of the British garrison, responded to the white flag as an invitation to negotiations and went out to greet the man. Then someone, either the man with the flag or a person behind him, shot and killed Captain Howe. According to three near-contemporary accounts of these events, the man in the officer's uniform was not a Frenchman but a Micmac warrior in disguise. He put on the powdered wig and uniform in order to lure Howe out of his fort. -
Re-Membering Norridgewock Stories and Politics of a Place Multiple
RE-MEMBERING NORRIDGEWOCK STORIES AND POLITICS OF A PLACE MULTIPLE A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ashley Elizabeth Smith December 2017 © 2017 Ashley Elizabeth Smith RE-MEMBERING NORRIDGEWOCK STORIES AND POLITICS OF A PLACE MULTIPLE Ashley Elizabeth Smith, Ph. D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation is an ethnography of place-making at Norridgewock, the site of a famous Wabanaki village in western Maine that was destroyed by a British militia in 1724. I examine how this site is variously enacted as a place of Wabanaki survivance and erasure and ask, how is it that a particular place with a particular history can be mobilized in different and even contradictory ways? I apply Annemarie Mol’s (2002) analytic concept of the body multiple to place to examine how utilize practices of storytelling, remembering, gathering, producing knowledge, and negotiating relationships to variously enact Norridgewock as a place multiple. I consider the multiple, overlapping, coexistent, and contradictory enactments of place and engagements with knowledge that shape place-worlds in settler colonial nation-states. Rather than taking these different enactments of place to be different perspectives on or versions of place, I examine how these enactments are embedded in and shaped by hierarchies of power and politics that produce enactments of place that are at times parallel and at times contradictory. Place-making is especially political in the context of settler colonialism, where indigenous places, histories, and peoples are erased in order to be replaced (Wolfe 2006; O’Brien 2010). -
Salem Witch Trials Describe Darkest Era in American History
Salem Witch Trials describe darkest era in American history Vida Bikales & The Barn Players By Bob Evans Arthur Miller’s tragic, gloomy, Gothic-inspired tale of witchcraft, lechery, murder, and blind religious justice–with a huge dose of ignorance– spelled the darkest days of American history when New England towns succumbed to a frenzied idea that witches walked among them, thereby creating public executions of persons accused of contracting with the devil. The most famous American trials befell the town of Salem, Massachusetts, immortalized in Miller’s “The Crucible,” now playing at The Barn Playhouse in Mission, Kansas. Troubling, dark and dismal from the opening scenes, “The Crucible” only spirals deeper and darker with each scene as the story of adolescent girls pretend to summon evil spirits, dance naked, and drink chicken blood to cast spells on innocent townsfolk, causing the hangings of 19 “guilty” witches in their small town. Only decades after Miller’s work played world stages did the State of Massachusetts amend their judgments and pardon those accused and murdered as witches. Vida Bikales & The Barn Players “The Crucible” at The Barn carves the story into the hearts of the audience so thoroughly and completely. Do not expect levity in this show because there is none. Miller researched the actual Salem court records and used much of the testimony verbatim in crafting his play. Even with the focus on one particular family, the devastation created continues to create shivers when viewed. Luckily, Salem preserved their historic blunder and some cells that held the accused remain intact. Some chains remain attached to walls, and “The Crucible” and other such plays continue there for tourists who visit America’s most horrid injustices. -
4 the Maturing of Colonial Society
NASH.7654.CP04.p112-153.vpdf 9/23/05 2:29 PM Page 112 CHAPTER 4 The Maturing of Colonial Society Joseph Beekman Smith, Wesley Chapel on John Street, New York City—1768 (detail), completed 1817–1844 (based on earlier sketches). (Joseph Beekman Smith, Wesley Chapel on John Street New York City-1768. Old John Street United Methodist Church) American Stories A Struggling Farmer’s Wife Finds True Religious Commitment In 1758, 37-year-old Hannah Cook Heaton stood trial for her refusal to attend her lo- cal congregationalist church. A resident of North New Haven, Connecticut, Hannah was required by Connecticut law to attend Sunday worship services—a law derived from the belief that religious uniformity was a social good. Hannah did not object to churchgoing; in fact, she was a fervent Christian. She had been a member of Isaac Stiles’s church—indeed, he had performed her marriage to Theophilus Heaton, Jr., in 1743. But later in that decade, after she had been caught up in the enthusiasm of the Great Awakening, a series of religious revivals that rocked New England in the 1740s, Hannah ceased to attend Sunday worship. Thereafter, finding that her minister’s preaching and church admission policies left her cold and dissatisfied, Heaton quit the church, arguing that Stiles had never himself undergone conversion and was therefore a “blind guide” leading his flock astray. Hannah’s decision to leave the village church was prompted by the preaching of men she believed were imbued with the spirit. Hearing touring evangelists George Whitefield, James Davenport, and Gilbert Tennant sparked a profound conversion ex- perience.As she later recorded in her diary, she “thought I see Jesus with the eyes of 112 NASH.7654.CP04.p112-153.vpdf 9/1/05 3:16 PM Page 113 CHAPTER OUTLINE my soul.” This religious transformation led her to join a small congregation headed by The North: A Land of Family Benjamin Beach, a lay preacher. -
New England Better Newspaper Competition Award Winners
INSIDE: COMPLETE LIST OF WINNERS AND JUDGES COMMENTS Presented on February 8, 2020 Congratulations to the most outstanding newspapers in our six-state region! This year’s special award winners General Excellence Reporters of the Year Cape Cod Times, Hyannis, MA Erin Tiernan, The Patriot Ledger, Quincy, MA The Berkshire Eagle, Pittsfield, MA Rich Salzberger, The Martha’s Vineyard (MA) Times Seven Days, Burlington, VT Mount Desert Islander, Bar Harbor, ME Photojournalists of the Year VT Ski + Ride, Middlebury, VT Peter Pereira, The Standard-Times, New Bedford, MA David Sokol, GateHouse Media New England Rookies of the Year Alex Putterman, Hartford (CT) Courant Christopher Ross, Addison County Independent, VT NEW ENGLAND NEWSPAPER & PRESS ASSOCIATION 2 | P a g e NEW ENGLAND BETTER NEWSPAPER COMPETITION WINNERS, presented February 8, 2020 CONGRATULATIONS NEW ENGLAND BETTER NEWSPAPER COMPETITION AWARD WINNERS This year’s competition drew nearly 3,000 entries that were published during the contest year August 1, 2018 - July 31, 2019. The entries were evaluated by the New England Newspaper & Press Association’s distinguished panel of judges. The results of the competition listed here recognize the excellent revenue and audience building activities that are taking place throughout New England — the finalists and winners are listed, along with the judges’ comments. NENPA is proud to celebrate this truly extraordinary work! Entries were judged in five categories: Daily Newspapers with circulation up to 20,000 Weekly Newspapers with circulation up to 6,000 Daily Newspapers with circulation more than 20,000 Weekly Newspapers with circulation more than 6,000 Specialty and Niche Publications CONTENTS N EWS R EPORTING ................. -
Ocm08580879-1895.Pdf
LMisJaciue i f add. A SOUVENIR OF |fl as sac hit setts S^jjislattfrs l8 95 VOLUME IV. (Issued A nnually) A. M. BRIDGMAN BROCKTON, MASS. Copyrighted 1X95, by A. M. BRIDGMAN. \ GEO. H. ELLIS, PRINTER, 141 FRANKLIN STREET, BOST PHOTOGRAPHS FROM NOTMAN, PARK STREET HALFTONES FROM HUB ENGRAVING CO PREFACE. HP HE "Souvenir" of 1895 is the first to contain recoras of men who sat in the * State House Extension to make and unmake laws tor the state. It was a Legislature remarkable for containing the largest proportion of members from one political party ever known. The House contained 194 Republicans and 46 Democrats, while in the Senate there were only four Democrats to 36 Republicans. There were not enough even of the former to secure a roll call. And yet there was no unusual partisan legislation attempted. The majority always passes more or less legislation against the protest of the minority. The business of the session, although of greater volume than ever, was completed decently and in order and prorogation reached at the unusually early date of 1S95 was also remarkable for June 5, or the earliest since 1SS8. The session of the unusual number of deaths among its members. One Senator and two Representatives elect died without taking the oath of office, while two died after having served several weeks, and one on the very morning of the day the Legislature was prorogued. This "Souvenir" contains the portrait of every "Legislator" of the state, whether in Senate or House or Congress, as well as all members of the Executive Department. -
The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century
The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century by Thomas Hully Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History University of Ottawa © Thomas Hully, Ottawa, Canada, 2012 ii Abstract The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century Thomas Hully Dr. Richard Connors Submitted: May 2012 Despite considerable research on the British North American colonies and their political relationship with Britain before 1776, little is known about the administration of Nova Scotia from the perspective of Lord Halifax’s Board of Trade in London. The image that emerges from the literature is that Nova Scotia was of marginal importance to British officials, who neglected its administration. This study reintegrates Nova Scotia into the British Imperial historiography through the study of the “official mind,” to challenge this theory of neglect on three fronts: 1) civil government in Nova Scotia became an important issue during the War of the Austrian Succession; 2) The form of civil government created there after 1749 was an experiment in centralized colonial administration; 3) This experimental model of government was highly effective. This study adds nuance to our understanding of British attempts to centralize control over their overseas colonies before the American Revolution. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program for providing the funding which made this dissertation possible, as well as the University of Ottawa’s Department of History for providing me with the experience of three Teaching Assistantships. -
Michigan State Journal of History
Michigan State Journal of History Volume 6, 2014 1 2 Table of Contents Letter from Editor 4 The Mexican Problem 5 Daniel Sherwood A War Between the Pages: A Historic Look at the Influence of Vogue on 15 Women During World War II Caroline Voisine Armenian Nationalism: Emergent Political Organizations and Revolutionary 27 Activity Surrounding the First World War Connor Yeck Bandits and Heroes: The Partisan Struggle in the Soviet Union 42 Greg Spenchian Influences of Socialism and the Socialist Workers Party on the Detroit Gay 58 Community During the 1970’s Sean Wolski Development of Episcopal Elections in the Early Twelfth Century 70 Trevor Mattis II The Folly of Manifest Destiny: Filibustering in Antebellum America 80 Kevin M Cunningham A Note on our Review Process 90 Essay Submission Policy 91 3 4 Staff of the Michigan State Journal of History Editor-in-Chief Mikhail Filipovitch Board of Editors Renee Brewster Kevin Cunningham Trevor Mattis II Nathaniel Medd Design Editor Kolt Ewing Website Manager Elyse Hansen Faculty Advisor Dr. Vanessa Holden 5 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR My first experience with the academic journal was purchasing Volume 5 as a freshman history major. When I look back, as a young, aspiring historian, the works within the journal established a realistic standard for academic excellence in my mind. Publishing a work in The MSU Undergraduate Historian was from then on a goal of my collegiate career. The journal, unfortunately, did not continue after the publication of Volume 5 in Spring 2010. And while I may never have had the opportunity to join the ranks of the great undergraduate academics that have authored works in these journals, I believe the spirit of that dream has been realized. -
Cheever Register Report First Generation
Cheever Register Report The Cheever family is one of distinction and infamy on the North Shore of Massachusetts. The emigrant, Ezekiel Cheever, was a distinguished educator in 17th century Boston as Headmaster of the Boston Latin School – the oldest public school in America and still a fine educational institution in Boston, Suffolk co., MA. On the infamy side is Ezekiel’s namesake son who was the dedicated bureaucrat who played a part in the Salem Witch Hysteria of 1692 as clerk to the judges and witness against several of the accused. He is the Ezekiel Cheever immortalized in Arthur Miller’s play, “The Crucible”. The emigrant Ezekiel was also involved in a lawsuit which besmirched his name when he spent years trying to get the courts to give the estate of his wife’s brother to him and his wife instead of Thomas Lothrop’s own wife after his death in the Battle of Bloody Brook during the King Philip’s War. The many name variations on “Cheever” make this one a tedious family to investigate. Name variations include: Cheaver, Cheavers, Cheever, Cheevers, Cheevor, Chevar, Cheveer, Chever, Chevers, Chevor, Chiveer, Chiveers and Chivers. I am sure there are others I have not yet come across. On the plus side, it is a family which provides many generations of direct line in the family tree. First Generation ————————————————————————————————————————————— 1. James1 CHEEVER was born circa 1560 in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England. 1579 is also given as a birth date, but he obviously did not marry at age 3. James died in Mansfield, before 9 March 1616/7; he was 56. -
Fall 2004 the Wallace Stevens Journal
The Wallace Stevens Journal The Wallace The Wallace Stevens Journal Special Conference Issue, Part 1 Special Conference Vol. 28 No. 2Fall 2004 Vol. Special Conference Issue, Part 1 A Publication of The Wallace Stevens Society, Inc. Volume 28 Number 2 Fall 2004 The Wallace Stevens Journal Volume 28 Number 2 Fall 2004 Contents Special Conference Issue, Part I Celebrating Wallace Stevens: The Poet of Poets in Connecticut Edited by Glen MacLeod and Charles Mahoney Introduction —Glen MacLeod and Charles Mahoney 125 POETS ON STEVENS: INQUIRY AND INFLUENCE A Postcard Concerning the Nature of the Imagination —Mark Doty 129 Furious Calm —Susan Howe 133 Line-Endings in Wallace Stevens —James Longenbach 138 On Wallace Stevens —J. D. McClatchy 141 A Lifetime of Permissions —Ellen Bryant Voigt 146 NEW PERSPECTIVES ON STEVENS Planets on Tables: Stevens, Still Life, and the World —Bonnie Costello 150 Wallace Stevens and the Curious Case of British Resistance —George Lensing 158 Cross-Dressing as Stevens Cross-Dressing —Lisa M. Steinman 166 STEVENSIAN LANGUAGE “A Book Too Mad to Read”: Verbal and Erotic Excess in Harmonium —Charles Berger 175 Place-Names in Wallace Stevens —Eleanor Cook 182 Verbs of Mere Being: A Defense of Stevens’ Style —Roger Gilbert 191 WALLACE STEVENS AND HISTORICISM: PRO AND CON Stevens’ Soldier Poems and Historical Possibility —Milton J. Bates 203 What’s Historical About Historicism? —Alan Filreis 210 Wallace Stevens and Figurative Language: Pro and Con —James Longenbach 219 THE COLLECTED POEMS: THE NEXT FIFTY YEARS Prologues to Stevens Criticism in Fifty Years —John N. Serio 226 The Collected Poems: The Next Fifty Years —Susan Howe 231 Wallace Stevens and Two Types of Vanity —Massimo Bacigalupo 235 Position Paper: Wallace Stevens —Christian Wiman 240 Stevens’ Collected Poems in 2054 —Marjorie Perloff 242 KEYNOTE ADDRESS Wallace Stevens: Memory, Dead and Alive —Helen Vendler 247 THE WADSWORTH ATHENEUM Poets of Life and the Imagination: Wallace Stevens and Chick Austin —Eugene R. -
The 1711 Expedition to Quebec: Politics and the Limitations
THE 1711 EXPEDITION TO QUEBEC: POLITICS AND THE LIMITATIONS OF GLOBAL STRATEGY IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE ADAM JAMES LYONS A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham December 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT To mark the 300th anniversary of the event in question, this thesis analyses the first British attempt to conquer the French colonial city of Quebec. The expedition was a product of the turbulent political environment that was evident towards the end of the reign of Queen Anne. Its failure has consequently proven to be detrimental to the reputations of the expedition‘s commanders, in particular Rear-Admiral Sir Hovenden Walker who was actually a competent and effective naval officer. True blame should lie with his political master, Secretary of State Henry St John, who ensured the expedition‘s failure by maintaining absolute control over it because of his obsession with keeping its objective a secret.