DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Spirituality and Self-Determination in Recovery From

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Spirituality and Self-Determination in Recovery From THE ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-DETERMINATION IN RECOVERY FROM DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE by Heather McQuinn Bachelor of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, 1990 A Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Nursing in the Graduate Academic Unit of Faculty of Nursing Supervisors: Grace Getty, RN, PhD; Janice Thompson, RN, PhD, Nursing Examining Board: Krista Wilkins, RN, PhD, Nursing, Chair Kathy Wilson, RN, PhD, Nursing Linda Eyre, BA, MAHED, PhD; Education; UNB This report is accepted by the Dean of Graduate Studies THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK September, 2017 ©Heather McQuinn, 2017 ABSTRACT Three-quarters of Indigenous adults living on reserve report that addiction to alcohol and other substances leads to problems within families and other violence. Over the last 40 years, there has been a growing body of evidence linking an individual’s spirituality with health outcomes, especially in the prevention of and recovery from addictions. Indigenous peoples have traditionally viewed spirituality as an integral part of health. Alcoholism and other addictions are self-soothing ways of numbing the “soul wounds” many Indigenous people have experienced as a result of colonialism. The purpose of this report is to examine the literature on the role of spirituality and self-determination in successful recovery from addiction among Indigenous Peoples. Accordingly, the literature on traditional cultural ways of being of the First Nations of eastern Canada has been reviewed together with the effects of colonialism on their wellbeing. The spiritual and cultural influences apparent in addiction recovery have been reviewed in relation to Indigenous Self-Determination, a social determinant of health among Indigenous people. The psychological Theory of Self-Determination, which has been developed in Western therapeutic and academic locations, and tested and used by some Indigenous scholars, has been reviewed in relation to Indigenous Self- determination, as well as spiritual and cultural influences on recovery from addiction. The question that has emerged from this discussion is whether there is room for individual choice of healing approach within the cultural imperative of collective self- determination. Finally, the implications of these findings for nursing practice, research and education are identified. ii DEDICATION To the God who knew and knows the plans He has for me And To the memory of Kenny “Munster” & Davey iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Those who have loved and supported me through this journey— You know who you are. I can no other answer make… but thanks…thanks; and ever, thanks. Shakespeare iv Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ v Chapter 1: Introduction to the Health Situation of Indigenous People ............................... 1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 2 Indigenous Health Statistics ............................................................................................ 3 Situating the Researcher ................................................................................................. 8 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................ 11 Indigenous Traditional Ways of Being ......................................................................... 11 Colonization: Marginalization Through Collective Trauma and Racism ..................... 13 Legal. ........................................................................................................................ 14 Administrative. .......................................................................................................... 16 Ideological. ................................................................................................................ 17 Residential schools. ................................................................................................... 18 The Sixties Scoop and foster home programs. .......................................................... 21 Summary. .................................................................................................................. 22 Spirituality..................................................................................................................... 23 Positive relationships between spirituality/religiosity and health. ............................ 26 Negative relationships between religion and health. ................................................ 29 Traditional Indigenous spirituality, health, beliefs, and practices. ........................... 31 Addictions ..................................................................................................................... 34 Definition .................................................................................................................. 35 Theories related to the causes of addiction ............................................................... 37 Addiction as a spiritual disease ................................................................................. 43 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 3: Self-Determination .......................................................................................... 47 Indigenous Self-Determination as a Fundamental Global and Local Goal of Indigenous Peoples .......................................................................................................................... 48 Indigenous Self-determination as a determinant of health. ...................................... 51 Ryan and Deci’s Self-Determination Theory. .......................................................... 54 Indigenous autonomy ................................................................................................ 58 Indigenous relatedness .............................................................................................. 60 Indigenous competence ............................................................................................. 60 Empirical evidence of emerging perspectives on SDT in the context of ISD. ......... 62 SDT viewed through the lens of Indigenous Self-Determination and Two-Eyed Seeing ........................................................................................................................ 63 v Summary ....................................................................................................................... 64 Chapter 4: Spiritual Approaches to Addiction Through the Lenses of ISD and SDT as Adapted by Roche and Associates .................................................................................... 66 Alcoholics Anonymous ................................................................................................. 67 Background and program design .............................................................................. 67 The AA formula ........................................................................................................ 69 The role of spirituality in AA .................................................................................... 70 The interplay of spirituality and attendance at AA ................................................... 72 Congruence of AA with ISD and Indigenous worldviews and values ..................... 74 Congruence of AA with SDT in the light of Indigenous worldviews and values .... 76 Incongruence of AA with ISD and Indigenous worldviews and values ................... 77 Incongruence of AA with SDT in the light of Indigenous worldviews and values .. 77 Adaptations of the AA movement to Indigenous populations .................................. 78 Relationship between the Indigenous adaptations of AA and SDT .......................... 84 Traditional Culture as Treatment .................................................................................. 85 Enculturation ............................................................................................................. 85 Cultural and spiritual practices ................................................................................. 88 Indigenous cultural practices and alcohol cessation ................................................. 90 Culture as treatment within ISD ............................................................................... 90 Programs Used in Indigenous Treatment Centers in New Brunswick ......................... 91 NB treatment centres through ISD and SDT lenses .................................................. 94 Addiction Treatment Programs Founded
Load more

Recommended publications
  • This Two-Spirit Manual Was Created out of Resources That Have Already
    1 A JOURNEY OF HEALING: TWO-SPIRIT PEOPLES JOINING THE CIRCLE HOLISTIC WELLNESS AND RESOURCE MANUAL MARCH 2009 All Nations Hope AIDS Network - March 2009 2 ALL NATIONS HOPE AIDS NETWORK (ANHAN) A Journey of Healing: Two-Spirit Peoples Joining the Circle HOLISTIC WELLNESS AND RESOURCE MANUAL FOR TWO-SPIRIT INDIVIDUALS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS The Two-Spirit Project was financed by Non-Reserve First Nation, Inuit and Métis Communities HIV/AIDS Fund. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funding agencies or the All Nations Hope AIDS Network. Content compiled by Wesley Keewatin, Two-Spirit Project Coordinator Edited by Bev Cardinal, Project Consultant Regina, Saskatchewan March 2009 All Nations Hope AIDS Network - March 2009 3 DISCLAIMER Many teachings introduced in the Two-Spirit Project manual were not defined by which First Nation group gave the specific teaching. Each teaching is only a reference and each individual is invited to find his/her own identity within his/her own First Nation group. The teachings vary from nation to nation although there are similarities. These teachings were introduced to show the significance of the teachings and how they may apply today. It is very important for the individual to find his/her own First Nation’s teachings because it is in the relevance of the teachings that connections are made with our ancestral memory. It is with this connection that the healing journey begins for many Aboriginal people. This manual also relies heavily on external sources and materials. Every effort has been made to accurately identify and credit the primary sources of this information.
    [Show full text]
  • Two-Spirit Stories: Learning to Navigate Multiple Forms of Oppression and Establishing a Practice of Wahkowtowin a Thesis Submi
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Saskatchewan's Research Archive Two-Spirit Stories: Learning to navigate multiple forms of oppression and establishing a practice of Wahkowtowin A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Education In the Department of Educational Foundations University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By LINDSAY R. JIMMY © Copyright Lindsay R. Jimmy, 2019. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by Head of the Department of Educational Foundations or the Dean of the College of Education. It is understood that any copying of publications or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without written permission. It is also understood that due to recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of material in my thesis. Request for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in part or in whole should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Educational Foundations 28 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X1 Canada OR Dean College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies University of Saskatchewan 116 Thorvaldson Building, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 Canada i ABSTRACT In 2011, Equality for Gays and Lesbians Everywhere (EGALE) published the following study, Every Class in Every school1.
    [Show full text]
  • Rejecting the Politics of Traditionalism and Settler-Homonationalism
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2019-08-19 Smudging the Cystem; Rejecting the Politics of Traditionalism and Settler-Homonationalism Crosschild, Ryan Patrick Crosschild, R. P. (2019). Smudging the Cystem; Rejecting the Politics of Traditionalism and Settler-Homonationalism (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110750 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Smudging the Cystem; Rejecting the Politics of Traditionalism and Settler-Homonationalism by Ryan Patrick Crosschild Sikahpiohkiitopi A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE CALGARY, ALBERTA AUGUST, 2019 © Ryan Patrick Crosschild 2019 Abstract This is a study of LGBTQ2 Indigenous identity and politics in colonial Canada. Scholars of Indigenous politics have recently focused on the importance of interrogating the sexualized and heteronormative landscape of settler colonialism, which has led to the proliferation of anti-queer violence within Indigenous nations. As such, the central tasks of this study are to determine how Two-Spirit Queer (2SQ) people engage in practices of resistance and freedom, as well as the factors that account for a queer Indigenous politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Protocols Pdf for Printing
    4/9/07 http://www.firstarchivistscircle.org/files/index.html Protocols for Native American Archival Materials © First Archivists Circle. This document may be distributed for the noncommercial purpose of discussion. Permission to publish must be obtained from the contributors or home organization. Please send comments and inquiries to: [email protected]. The archives, the record, can provide not only our people but all people enlightenment, and hopefully a better humanity will be a result. Kathryn “Jody” Beaulieu (Anishinabe/Ojibwe) Introduction Native American communities are sovereign governments. Tribes had their own traditional governments prior to European invasion. These governments maintain their own territories, their own laws, and their own legal restrictions surrounding cultural issues. Most Native American communities have federal recognition, while others hold state recognition. In Canada, many Native American communities have a similar status through federal treaties or provincial acknowledgement. Native Hawaiians are accorded special status by both federal law and state law. A number of federal laws in the United States specifically address both cultural and human rights of Native Americans and their communities. While we share a common commitment to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge, archivists and librarians should understand and respect Native American rights and laws, which are recognized in the United States Constitution. These statuses and associated rights form the basis of the principles behind the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials. Over the past decade, tribal leaders, archivists, and librarians in the United States and Canada have expressed an interest in improving existing relationships and developing new relationships with non-tribal institutions which hold American Indian archival material.
    [Show full text]
  • Working with Indigenous Peoples at Acadia University - Handbook and Protocols
    2018 Working with Indigenous Peoples at Acadia University - Handbook and Protocols Presidential Advisory Council on Decolonization Acadia University, Wolfville N.S. 2/27/2018 Contents Purpose ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Where to go for advice? ............................................................................................................................ 2 Documenting our Progress ....................................................................................................................... 2 Who are the Indigenous peoples of this region? ................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgement of Traditional Territory .............................................................................................. 4 The Grand Council Flag ............................................................................................................................ 6 Mi’kmaw Language .................................................................................................................................... 6 The use of the terms Mi'kmaq and Mi'kmaw .......................................................................................... 7 Kepmite'tmnej (Mi’kmaw Honour Song) ................................................................................................. 8 Importance of Acknowledging Other Indigenous Communities .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Smudge Ceremony
    1 This handbook has been created with the Love, Knowledge and Respect of the Daughter Spirit in Action Members and Staff. The Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC) is founded on the collective goal to enhance, promote, and foster the social, economic, cultural and political well-being of First Nations and Métis women within First Nation, Métis and Canadian societies. As a national organization representing Aboriginal women since 1974, NWAC’s mandate is to achieve equality for all Aboriginal women in Canada. NWAC is actively involved with partner organizations across the globe towards this goal, including the United Nations and Amnesty International to end the discrimination against Indigenous women. Native Women's Association of Canada 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE The traditional First Nations knowledge provided in this handbook is what we have learned in the DSIA program. Traditional knowledge varies amongst First Nations people and communities in Canada, so feel free to use this handbook with your own teachings and allow your spirit to guide you in your own practice. This handbook is not designed to and does not provide medical advice, professional diagnosis, opinion, treatment or services to you or to any other individual. Through this handbook and linkages to other sites, NWAC provides general information for educational purposes only. The information provided in this handbook, or through linkages to other sites, is not a substitute for medical or professional care, and you should not use the information in place of a visit, call consultation or the advice of your physician or other healthcare provider. NWAC is not liable or responsible for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or product you obtain through this handbook or references to other sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Lived and Embodied Suffering and Healing Amongst Mothers and Daughters in Chesterville Township, Kwazulu-Natal
    LIVED AND EMBODIED SUFFERING AND HEALING AMONGST MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS IN CHESTERVILLE TOWNSHIP, KWAZULU-NATAL By NTHABISENG MOTSEMME Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE IN PHILOSOPHY IN THE SUBJECT SOCIOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF ABEBE ZEGEYE MARCH 2011 i DECLARATION I, Nthabiseng Motsemme, student number 34958843 declare that the dissertation Lived and Embodied Suffering and Healing amongst Mothers and Daughters in Chesterville Township, KwaZulu-Natal is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references Signature.................................................Date.......................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘It takes a village to complete a PhD!’ There are so many people to whom I owe my deep gratitude in the completion of this dissertation. The first is my mother who truly lives and embodies the womanist moral wisdom of “helped are those who receive only to give; always in their house will be the circular energy of generosity and in their hearts a beginning of a new age on earth’ (White 2004:446). It is she who both softened and focused my vision on documenting the lives of mothers and daughters of Chesterville Township, where I grew up. The generosity of the young and older women of Chesterville who willingly shared their time and stories with me, which is what actually gave this research its life-force, remains a valuable gift for which I am most thankful. I extend my deep appreciation to my supervisor Prof Abebe Zegeye, who patiently walked this journey of self and intellectual discovery with me, flowing with me as I maneuvered work and family commitments.
    [Show full text]
  • Two-Spirit Mexica Youth and Transgender Mixtec/Muxe Media: La Mission (2009), Two Spirit: Injunuity (2013), and Libertad (2015)," Journal of Religion & Film: Vol
    Journal of Religion & Film Volume 21 Article 38 Issue 1 April 2017 4-1-2017 Two-Spirit Mexica Youth and Transgender Mixtec/ Muxe Media: La Mission (2009), Two Spirit: Injunuity (2013), and Libertad (2015) Gabriel S. Estrada California State University Long Beach, [email protected] Recommended Citation Estrada, Gabriel S. (2017) "Two-Spirit Mexica Youth and Transgender Mixtec/Muxe Media: La Mission (2009), Two Spirit: Injunuity (2013), and Libertad (2015)," Journal of Religion & Film: Vol. 21 : Iss. 1 , Article 38. Available at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol21/iss1/38 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Religion & Film by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Two-Spirit Mexica Youth and Transgender Mixtec/Muxe Media: La Mission (2009), Two Spirit: Injunuity (2013), and Libertad (2015) Abstract Independent directors Peter Bratt, Adrian Baker, and Avila-Hanna create differing trans-border queer Indigenous media that resist Eurocentric cic-heteropatriarchy. While Bratt’s feature-length narrative film La Mission (2009) features a masculine Mexica gay teenager who survives fused homophobic and trans*-phobic violence, Baker’s short animation Two Spirit: Injunuity (2013) makes stronger trans* and two-spirit Mexica youth identity affirmations. Avila-Hanna’s short documentary Libertad (2015) offers the clearest transgender narrative of the three films as it focuses on a California transgender Mixtec immigrant activist who is coming of age as a woman with the aid of hormones and gender affirming surgery. This article’s trans*- and Indigenous-centered film analysis complements their three works.
    [Show full text]
  • TIP 61 Behavioral Health Services for American Indians and Alaska Natives
    Behavioral Health Services for American Indians and Alaska Natives For Behavioral Health Service Providers, Administrators, and Supervisors TREATMENT IMPROVEMENT PROTOCOL TIP 61 Please share your thoughts about this publication by completing a brief online survey at: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/KAPPFS The survey takes about 7 minutes to complete and is anonymous. Your feedback will help SAMHSA develop future products. BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR TIP 61 AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES Executive Summary For Behavioral Health Service Providers, Program Administrators, Clinical Supervisors, and Researchers The Executive Summary of this Treatment Improvement Protocol summarizes substance use and mental illness among American Indians and Alaska Natives and discusses the importance of delivering culturally responsive, evidence-based services to address these behavioral health challenges. TIP Navigation Executive Summary For behavioral health service providers, program administrators, clinical supervisors, and researchers Part 1: Pr actical Guide to the Provision of Behavioral Health Services for American Indians and Alaska Natives For behavioral health service providers Part 2: Imple mentation Guide for Behavioral Health Program Administrators Serving American Indians and Alaska Natives For behavioral health service providers, program administrators, and clinical supervisors Appendix and Index Part 3: Lit erature Review For behavioral health service providers, program administrators, clinical supervisors, and researchers TIP 61 Behavioral
    [Show full text]
  • AUGUST 2013-AUGUST 2014 CASE LAW on AMERICAN INDIANS * Thomas P
    AMERICAN INDIAN LAW JOURNAL Volume III, Issue II - Spring 2015 AUGUST 2013-AUGUST 2014 CASE LAW ON AMERICAN INDIANS * Thomas P. Scholosser * THOMAS P. SCHLOSSER. Mr. Schlosser represents Tribes in fisheries, timber, water, energy, cultural resources, contracting, tax and federal breach of trust. He is a director of Morisset, Schlosser, Jozwiak & Somerville, where he specializes in federal litigation, natural resources, and Indian tribal property issues. He is also frequently involved in tribal economic development and environmental regulation. In 1970s, Tom represented tribes in the Stevens’ Treaty Puget Sound fishing rights proceedings. Tom has a B.A. from the University of Washington and a J.D. from the University of Virginia Law School Tom is a founding member of the Indian Law Section of the Washington State Bar Association and also served on the WSBA Bar Examiners Committee. Tom is a frequent CLE speaker and moderates an American Indian Law discussion group for lawyers at http://forums.delphiforums.com/IndianLaw/messages. He is a part-time lecturer at the University of Washington School of Law. Case synopses are reprinted or derived from Westlaw with permission of Thomson-West. For purposes of this update, the presenter has revised the synopses. AMERICAN INDIAN LAW JOURNAL Volume III, Issue II - Spring 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT ........................................................................ 454 OTHER COURTS ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Aboriginal Health: Issues, Culturally Appropriate Solutions
    URBAN ABORIGINAL HEALTH: ISSUES, CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS AND THE EMBODIMENT OF SELF-DETERMINATION Ph. D. Thesis – J. Skye; McMaster University – Anthropology. URBAN ABORIGINAL HEALTH: ISSUES, CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS AND THE EMBODIMENT OF SELF-DETERMINATION By JAIRUS S. SKYE, B.A., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctorate of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Jairus S. Skye, October 2012 ii Ph. D. Thesis – J. Skye; McMaster University – Anthropology. McMaster University DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (2012) Hamilton, Ontario (Anthropology) TITLE: Aboriginal Health Issues And Aboriginal Solutions: Developing A Comprehensive Approach To Health Care And The Embodiment Of Medical Self- Determination In An Urban Aboriginal Community Health Centre AUTHOR: Jairus S. Skye, B.A., M.A. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Wayne Warry NUMBER OF PAGES: viii, 231 iii Ph. D. Thesis – J. Skye; McMaster University – Anthropology. ABSTRACT Urban Aboriginal health and health-related issues are steeped within the sociohistorical, sociocultural, and sociopolitical experiences of Aboriginal peoples since European contact. Thus, urban Aboriginal health issues are very complex in that they consist of aspects associated with collective as well as individual cultural and political life experiences. Therefore, in order to adequately address Aboriginal health issues a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is required. This study examines how Anishnawbe Health Toronto, an urban Aboriginal community health centre, addresses the specific healthcare needs of the urban population through a multidisciplinary culturally appropriate healthcare model. As my research evolved, a few themes emerged from the data. First, the health issues experienced by the clientele were inherently complex and simultaneously infused with a culturally collective and individualistic quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Spiritual Appropriation
    Université de Montréal Native Spiritual Appropriation: Words of Power, Relations of Power – Creating Stories & Identities Mémoire présentée à la Faculté des arts et des sciences, department d’Anthropologie en vue de l’obtention du grade de maîtrise en Anthropologie. Décembre, 2011 ©, Franzisca Elisabeth Möller, 2011 i ii Université de Montréal Facultéd’Anthropologie Ce mémoire intitule: Spiritual Appropriation: Words of Power, Relations of Power – Creating Stories & Identities Présentée par Franzisca Elisabeth Möller A été évalué(e) par un jury compose des personnes suivantes: Marie-Pierre Bousquet, President-rapporteur Robert Crépeau, Directeur de recherche Bernard Bernier, Membre du jury _______________________, Examinateur externe _____________________, Représentant du doyen iii i Résumé L'appropriation culturelle possède une diffusion très large et est un phénomène essentiellement intemporel. L'appropriation culturelle est définie comme «the taking- from a culture that is not one’s own- of intellectual property, cultural expressions or artifacts, history and ways of knowledge» (Ziff et Rao 1997: 1). Cela comprend tous les aspects de la spiritualité, les objets sacrés, des valeurs, des histoires et des rites. L'appropriation est étroitement liée aux relations de pouvoir et à la politique. Avec la montée de la popularité du chamanisme et du néo- chamanisme dans la société occidentale, les peuples amérindiens de l'Amérique du Nord (ou d’Australie) expriment leurs inquiétudes et leur désapprobation en ce qui concerne l’appropriation de leurs cérémonies, rituels et croyances sacrées par les Occidentaux. Par le discours contre l'appropriation, les populations autochtones (re)gagnent et (re)créent une identité qui avait été négligée, supprimée et assimilée au cours de la colonisation.
    [Show full text]