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DOCIIMENTIESUBB ED' 158 216" O CG 012 869 AUTHOR Chappell, Duncan; Fogarty, Faith. o' TITLE . Forcible Rape: A Literature Review and Annotated,,, Bibliography. -- . _EattelleAemorial-Inst.: Seattle., Wash. Law and Justice Study Center. SPONS AGENCY National Inst.-- ofLaw Enforcement and Criminal Justice (Vert. ofJustice/LEAA), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE' Hay-78 CONTRACT 7T0560-J-LEAA - NOTE 86p.f-Fbr related documents see CG 011 469, CG 012 763, CG 012 764, and CG 012 868 AVAILABLE PROM Superintendent 'of Documents, U.S. Government Printing _Office Waihington, D.C., .20402 (Stock number 027 -04-00626-4) - EDRS PRICE MC- $4.67. -Plus Postage.. .DESCRUTORS Annotated Bibliographies; *crime; *Criminology; Legislation; Literature Reviews; *Bolide Action; *Rape; Sexdality; *Violence IDENTIFIERS *Sex Crimes ABSTRACT This selective, annotited bibliography piorides guidance io.the source and content 'of a small proportion of the- existing, publicity about rape, Non-English-language publications, as well as those receiving only limited distribution, are excluded,All materials are recent, most having been published during the 1970s. Outdated materials, such as those on rape laws which were superseded by statutory changes, arm excluded. Most materiali were issued by Sources generally. abeled Nlearned,N such as scholarly books and professional journals. A totar-of.153entree's. areincluded, under- 'headings such as SoCiocultural an4 Descriptife Features.of Rape, Legal_Issues and Legislative Reform, and Investigation of Rape. A brief xvoilew of relevant literature procede4 the bibliography. (Author/BP) ..., ************************************ IP********************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS re the best that can be made * * . from the origi al document. ************************************* ********************************* . I a ' A Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography. J . 1.4. U.S. DEPARTMENT EDUCATIONmimosa"OP,NEALTN. siyiremastamine OF EDUCATION THIS DUCE!)DOCUMENTHAS DEEN THE PERSONEXACTLY AS *PRO owe IT. OR EfICEiTEDPDOM POINTSORGANIZATION Of OWN- STATED 00NOT SENT OPPiCiALNECESSARILYViEWOITORINIONS. EDUCATION NATIONAL REPRE- POSITION 9,4INSTITUTE OF POLICY. National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Law Enforcement AssistanceAdministration United States Department of JusOce go .' . .. , A Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography ..- .*-7 by oa Duncan Chappell Project Director .., \ ..1 'Faith Fogarty Research Asiistant . ,. o---"1"-----........ 1.., ,....4-- This project was supported by Contract Number 7-056Q-J-LEAA awarded to the Battelle Memorial Law and Justice Study Center, by the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement- Assistance Administration, :.: Department.of Justice. Points of view or opinions stated in this doctiment are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Depertment of JUstice. z.-- v May 1978 a k1NtlioEnnifloirnesetmit:tnet oAfsl.srswtaEnnforksten7sttarandoCriminalJustice United States Department of Justice. I . , T .. 3 P.0 4Az NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF.LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ". Blair G. Ewing, Acting Director LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION James M. H. Gregg, Acting Administrator O For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U: S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.20402 Stock Plumber 027-000-00626-4 Pt CONTENTS Fordble Rape: A Literature view IntrodUction totheLiteriireon Rape '1 ., ____,_ Notes.-r---- 10 .,111., Forcible Ram An Annotated Bibliography o I.Sociocultural and Descriptive Features of Rape........ 15 II: Rape Victimization . ., ,_____----7:;T-7- A.,The Victim's Experience and Needs 30 B.Medical Care and Examination of Victims 39 C.The Child Victim .. ... 42 D.Homosexual Rape *45 III.Rape Offenders. 47 .. - IV.Investigation of Rape: Police Procedures and Criminalistics..........55 . V.Legal Issues and Legislative Reform 61 , - e. VI.Rape in Foreign Countries and Cultures "n - Author Index 82 ... .. INTRODUCTION TO THE LITERATURE ON RAPE In 1974, in an introduction to an earlier and unannotated rape bibliography, the present authors and a colleague noted that the "Criminal offense of forcible rape has become, since about 1969, a rallying topic for the women's liberation movement in the United States, transforming'what until that lime had largely been the subject o only criminological and legal concern to one with considerAbly extended social. notoriety."' Since 1974, that notoriety has extended still further, producing a veritable explo- sion in the volume of ptiblicity about rape. Almost certainly in the present decade, and possibly in those past, no single crime has received so sustained and widespread attention from so diverse-a-range of sources. Thus, the crime of rape has been the principal subject of numerous book.% articles, television documentaries, films-and. official inquiries, both in the United States and in other countries. There are prob. ably. few legislatures in the common law world -which have not recently either de- bated or passed some rape-related measures. In the United States alone, a con- temporary survershowed that 37 states had enacted laws affecting the crime of rape during the past three years.: In this annotated and selective bibliography, it 11 our intention to provide guidance to the source and content of a small proportion of this publicity about rape. Locat- ing and keeping up to date with the outpouring of materials from scholarly litera- ture alone presents a formidable task. An accumulated total of 250 separate items were consideredfor potential inclusiop in this, bibliography,excluding non-English language PiabliesitiOns. The, latter omission- was-based' on-a general desire to wino- , tate only references which could be readily 'obtained and used by readers of this bibliography. In a similar vein, materials receiving only limited distribution in the form.of privately circulated reports, unpublished papers, and the like were also ex- cluded by the bibliographers in the course of their thorough and intensive review of all available literature on this subject.. In addition to the above selection criteria, the following factors were, with certain limited exceptions, taken into consideration in reaching a decision to choose the i52 items finally listed in the bibliography., Materials that were recent. Mose items were published during the last 10 years mainly during the 1970's. Materials that were not outdated. For example, many articles on rape law had been superseded by subsequent statutory Changes. Materials that appeared in a form and were issued by a source 'generally la- beled "learned".. Readers will note, however, that certain bibliographic license has been taken in Order to include journals such asPlayboyandThe New York Times Afagazinein this categori. Materials that were not duplicative. In cases where several articles existed on exactly the same subject, one was chosen which seemed to be most comprehensive and/or most frequently cited in the literature: Not surprisingly in a literary field so liberally planted, the crop is not always of Uniform quality. Apart front substantial duplication of materials, the rape literature is replete with ideological references to the women's liberation movement which, as mentioned earlier, was the major catalyst spurring fresh attention to the crime of rape. In some cases, the references are couched in decidedly polemic terms, casting 1 oro doubt on the objectivity of the expressed ideas, research results, and comments. In other cases, the literature --and especially that written prior to the amid- 1970's -- exhibits unenlightened views and attitudes which can be labeled "male chauvinist" and-which have been rightly castigated and rebutted by feminists. As bibliographers, we have sought scrupulously to avoid qualitative judgments in our selection and abstracting of the rape literature. However, we do feel an obliga- tion to attempt some guidance to the users of this document which goes beyond the process of labeling and describing contents of various publications on rape. What follows in this introduction, ftifore, is a brief qualitative overview of the rape literature. , I. Socto-COlforal and poscriptIve Footures of Rape The items abstracted in this category include the most eclectic, and potentially controversial, of all the literature on rape. Two major works preempt the field--"- Menachim Amir'sPatterns,o f Forcible Rapeand Susan Brownmiller'sAgainst Our Will: Men, Women and Rape.'Muir and Brownaller adopt very different ap- proaches to their subject:- Muir, the academic researcher, reports the results of a landmark behavioral science study of the crime of rape-for a primarily icademii audience, while Brownmiller synthesizes a vast array of historical and allied material in order to present an ideological view of: ape aimed at a far broader audience. Both Amir and Brownmiller have tad their.critics. Amir's book, which has been more widely cited than any other single source intherape literature, is annoyingly flawed by poor proof reading and editing, as well as by some qiestionable method- ology. The author also espouses a now- controversial theory' of victim precipitation -regarding rape: This theory is described succinctly by Brownmiller in the following terms: "Precipitation is a new concept in criminology.. It does ifot hold the victim responsible, but it seeks to define contributing behavior Victint precipitation says, in effect, an unlawful act

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