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Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities. -
Amblypygids : Model Organisms for the Study of Arthropod Navigation
PERSPECTIVE published: 08 March 2016 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00047 Amblypygids: Model Organisms for the Study of Arthropod Navigation Mechanisms in Complex Environments? Daniel D. Wiegmann 1,2*, Eileen A. Hebets 3, Wulfila Gronenberg 4, Jacob M. Graving 1 and Verner P. Bingman 2,5 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA, 2 J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA, 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA, 4 Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 5 Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA Navigation is an ideal behavioral model for the study of sensory system integration and the neural substrates associated with complex behavior. For this broader purpose, however, it may be profitable to develop new model systems that are both tractable and sufficiently complex to ensure that information derived from a single sensory modality and path integration are inadequate to locate a goal. Here, we discuss some recent discoveries related to navigation by Edited by: amblypygids, nocturnal arachnids that inhabit the tropics and sub-tropics. Nocturnal Marie Dacke, Lund University, Sweden displacement experiments under the cover of a tropical rainforest reveal that these Reviewed by: animals possess navigational abilities that are reminiscent, albeit on a smaller Uwe Homberg, spatial scale, of true-navigating vertebrates. Specialized legs, called antenniform Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany legs, which possess hundreds of olfactory and tactile sensory hairs, and vision Keram Pfeiffer, appear to be involved. These animals also have enormous mushroom bodies, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany higher-order brain regions that, in insects, integrate contextual cues and may *Correspondence: be involved in spatial memory. -
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Antimicrobial Effect of Zophobas Morio Hemolymph Against Bovine
microorganisms Article Antimicrobial Effect of Zophobas morio Hemolymph against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens Mengze Du y, Xiaodan Liu y, Jiajia Xu , Shuxian Li, Shenghua Wang, Yaohong Zhu and Jiufeng Wang * Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (J.X.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1355-221-6698 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 2 September 2020; Accepted: 25 September 2020; Published: 28 September 2020 Abstract: Coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. infections are the leading causes of bovine mastitis. Despite extensive research and development in antibiotics, they have remained inadequately effective in treating bovine mastitis induced by multiple pathogen infection. In the present study, we showed the protective effect of Zophobas morio (Z. morio) hemolymph on bovine mammary epithelial cells against bacterial infection. Z. morio hemolymph directly kills both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through membrane permeation and prevents the adhesion of E. coli or the clinically isolated S. simulans strain to bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells. In addition, Z. morio hemolymph downregulates the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and NLRP6, as well as inhibits the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, which attenuates E. coli or S. simulans-induced pyroptosis. Overall, our results suggest the potential role of Z. morio hemolymph as a novel therapeutic candidate for bovine mastitis. -
Element from S. W. Yugoslavia
©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at SPIXIANA 14 1 1-7 München, 1. März 1991 ISSN 0341-8391 Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896, a rare East Palearctic faunistic element from S. W. Yugoslavia (Crustacea, Cladocera) By Swetozar T. Petkovski Petkovski, S. T. (1991): Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896, a rare East Palearctic faunistic element from S. W. Yugoslavia (Crustacea, Cladocera). — Spixiana 14/1: 1-7. Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896, tili recently was known as a rare Far-Eastern faunistic element. Some time ago this species was introduced in Europe and to date evidenced in some ricefields of North Italy and in several inondation pools of the Pa- nonian lowland. Our discovery of the species in S. W. Yugoslavia shows that it suc- ceded to inhabit the Balkan Peninsula, too. Based on specimens of both sexes collected from Macedonia a short description is given. In addition, some important features are emphasized. These include the form of the ephippium in dorsal aspect and the presence of rows of setae at the dorsal mar- gin of the postabdomen in the female. In the male, the armature of the ventral shell rim and the first pair of legs, which are mutually asymmetrical, are also significant diagno- stic characters. Swetozar T. Petkovski, Prirodonaucen muzej na Makedonija, Bulevar Ilinden 86, Yu-91 000, Skopje 55, Yugoslavia Introduction Moina weismanni Ishikawa is a rare anomopod 'cladoceran', which was described almost a Century ago from the vicinity of Tokio and Sendai, Japan (Ishikawa, 1896). Shortly afterwards, in his cultures reared from dried mud taken from fish ponds and inundated rice fields in the neighbourhood of Pu- ching, South China, Sars (1903) revealed an animal very similar to M. -
Zophobas Morio Zophobas Morio ) Are a 2” Long Larva That Is a Very Popular) Area2”Longlarvathatisvery © Do Not Copy Withoutpermission© Donotcopy
Superworm Zophobas morio By Cody Castellanos General Information: Superworms ( Zophobas morio ) are a 2” long larva that is a very popular feeder for reptiles. Because of their size and movement they’ll easily catch the attention of your animals. They are naturally large and have no growth hormones unlike the giant mealworm. They are native to tropical Central and South America. The total life span for a superworm is a little over a year from egg to beetle. Housing: They can be placed in any container that you may have. Make sure that the container is high enough so they can’t climb out. Usually tubs 5”+ high is suffi cient. I’ve found that plastic Rubbermaid tubs usually work best. Heat & Light - Lighting is not needed as they like darkness. The best temperatures are in the mid 70s to the low 80s. If superworms are overheated you will notice a signifi cant die off. Also never refrigerate superworms! They can’t take cold temperatures and death will be the result. Food & Water: Superworms will eat just about anything. Keep them in 1-4” of wheat bran, oats or a highly nutritious gutload. Make sure to gutload all food items for 24 hours prior to feeding. Gutloading is feeding very nutritious/high quality foods to prey prior to feeding to your animals. There are also many commercially available products that are in powder form. I make and use Pro Gutload for all my feeders. Gutloading will ensure a healthier insect and in the long run a healthier animal. Water - Things like carrots, potatoes, fruits etc are all suitable for moisture. -
Role of the Different Eyes in the Visual Odometry in the Wolf Spider Lycosa Tarantula (Araneae, Lycosidae) Joaquin Ortega-Escobar* and Miguel A
© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 259-265 doi:10.1242/jeb.145763 RESEARCH ARTICLE Role of the different eyes in the visual odometry in the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula (Araneae, Lycosidae) Joaquin Ortega-Escobar* and Miguel A. Ruiz ABSTRACT et al., 2000). When the grating was placed in the ventral visual field, The wolf spider Lycosa tarantula returns home by means of path Ronacher and Wehner (1995) found a very small effect of optic flow integration. Previous studies demonstrated: (i) that the angular on the distance walked when the visual patterns they used (e.g. component of the outbound run is measured using a polarized-light gratings of black-and-white stripes) were moved in the direction of compass associated with the anterior median eyes; (ii) changes in insect walking or in the opposite direction. However, when the direction of the substratum are detected by the anterior lateral eyes pattern was stationary and the ventral halves of the eyes were (ALEs); and (iii) in relation to the linear component of the outbound covered, the mean traveled distance was not statistically different run, an increase of optic flow, in either the lateral or ventral fields of from the distance walked by ants without eye covers (Ronacher and view, caused spiders to search for the burrow at a point nearer to the Wehner, 1995). Wittlinger and Wolf (2013) investigated the goal. However, the role of the secondary eyes [ALEs, posterior lateral possible interactions of the two mechanisms by which deserts eyes (PLEs) and posterior median eyes (PMEs)] in the perception of ants estimate distance: stride integration and ventral optic flow. -
Cytogenetics of the Darkling Beetles Zophobas Aff
Cytogenetics of the darkling beetles Zophobas aff. confusus and Nyctobates gigas (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) A.C. Lira-Neto1,3, G.M. Silva1, R.C. Moura2 and M.J. Souza1 1Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil 2Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil 3Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil Corresponding author: R.C. Moura E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 11 (3): 2432-2440 (2012) Received January 20, 2012 Accepted May 26, 2012 Published June 15, 2012 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2012.June.15.5 ABSTRACT. Males of Zophobas aff. confusus and Nyctobates gigas (Tenebrionidae) collected in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were studied through conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate im- pregnation (AgNO3), and the base specific fluorochromes CMA3 and DAPI. Z. aff. confusus was found to have 2n = 20 (9+Xyp) while N. gigas exhibited 2n = 18 (8+neoXY). Large pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) were detected throughout the auto- somal complement of the two species, except in one autosomal pair of N. gigas in which no heterochromatic block was observed. The sex chromosomes of both species were almost totally heterochromatic. Double staining with CMA3/DA (distamycin) and DAPI/DA marked CH in Z. aff. confusus. However, DAPI staining was more intense. N. gigas was found to possess blocks of CH-positive CMA3 and ho- mogeneous DAPI. AgNO3 staining also revealed differences between the two species. In Z. confusus an NOR was observed in the sexual bivalent Xyp and N. -
Approach Strategy by Which Male Mediterranean Tarantulas Adjust to the Cannibalistic Behaviour of Females
Ethology 110, 717—724 (2004) Ó 2004 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin ISSN 0179–1613 Approach Strategy by which Male Mediterranean Tarantulas Adjust to the Cannibalistic Behaviour of Females Jordi Moya-Laran˜ o*, Jordi Pascual & David H. Wise* *Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Era del Tint 2, 08552, Taradell, Barcelona, Spain Abstract In sexually cannibalistic species, selection is thought to have favoured the evolution of male approaching behaviour that reduces the probability that the female will kill the male. However, investigations of behaviours that could reduce the probability of sexual cannibalism are few. We examine the hypothesis that male wolf spiders, Lycosa tarantula (L.) (Araneae, Lycosidae), decides to approach females in periods when they are less dangerous. Males of this species approach females for mating during the daytime only. While attending females, males stay farther from the female’s burrow at night than during the daytime. In field experiments, we offered a grasshopper (typical prey) or a male L. tarantula to females at night and during the day, and our findings show that the diel changes in the male’s approaching behaviour matches diurnal changes in the female’s tendency to attack both the grasshopper and the male spider. These findings support our hypothesis that a diel change in female responsiveness to prey has been a selection pressure influencing the evolution of male approach behaviour in a sexually cannibalistic species. Correspondence: Jordi Moya-Laran˜ o, Estacio´ n Experimental de Zonas A´ ridas, General Segura, 1, Almerı´ a, 04001-Almerı´ a, Spain. E-mail: jordi@ eeza.csic.es Introduction Differences in strategies by which males and females maximize fitness can result in sexual conflict (Andersson 1994; Chapman et al. -
Zoo Med Laboratories, Inc
ZOO MED LABORATORIES, INC. ZOO MED LABORATORIES, Zoo Med’s entire UVB Lamp Collection transmitts beneficial UVB lasting a full year allowing you to change bulbs less often. 2019 PRODUCT CATALOG See page 30 for help on choosing the proper UVB Lamp for your application. ZOO MED LABORATORIES, INC. ZOO MED EUROPE Visit Our Website To View Our 3650 Sacramento Dr. [email protected] Complete Product Line, Contests, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Events And Care Information! 1-805-542-9988 (Customer Service) ZOO MED JAPAN CO. LTD. [email protected] TEL 054-626-1145 www.zoomed.com FAX 054-626-1132 www.zoomed.jp Welcome to Zoo Med Laboratories Here at Zoo Med, animals are our passion, and for over 40 years we have made it our mission to supply the very best in exotic pet foods, reptile products, and reptile habitats. As a company made up of reptile hobbyists, we strive to provide the supplies and knowledge needed to successfully care for reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects and other exotic pets to keep them happy and healthy. The reptile supplies, accessories, and tools we manufacture are first tested at our facilities on the large collection of reptiles & aquarium fish we house at Zoo Med. Many of us have desk pets, and many of those desks are wedged into places in-between the 200+ terrariums, aquariums, paludariums, and other habitats at our facility. Inside our Animal Room, we house over 90 species ranging from chameleons, geckos, skinks, frogs, fish, newts, tarantulas, and beetles. Outside in our Turtle Nirvana Greenhouse, we care for 30 species of turtles and tortoises, several of which are endangered. -
Sensory and Chemical Characteristic of Two Insect Species: Tenebrio Molitor and Zophobas Morio Larvae Affected by Roasting Processes
molecules Article Sensory and Chemical Characteristic of Two Insect Species: Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio Larvae Affected by Roasting Processes Anna K. Zołnierczyk˙ * and Antoni Szumny Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The volatile compounds from insects (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio larvae) roasted at 160, 180, or 200 ◦C and fed with potato starch or blue corn flour were isolated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the tested material, 48 volatile compounds were determined. Among them, eight are pyrazines, aroma compounds that are formed in food products during thermal processing due to the Maillard reaction. Eleven of the identified compounds influenced the roast, bread, fat, and burnt aromas that are characteristic for traditional baked dishes (meat, potatoes, bread). Most of them are carbonyl compounds and pyrazines. To confirm the contribution of the most important odorants identified, their odor potential activity values (OAVs) and %OAV were calculated. The highest value was noted for isobuthylpyrazine, responsible for roast aroma (%OAV > 90% for samples roasted at lower temperatures), and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, responsible for burnt aroma (%OAV > 20% for samples Citation: Zołnierczyk,˙ A.K.; Szumny, roasted at the highest temperature). According to the study, the type of feed did not significantly A. Sensory and Chemical affect the results of the sensory analysis of roasted insects. The decisive influence was the roasting ◦ Characteristic of Two Insect Species: temperature. The highest scores were achieved for Tenebrio molitor larvae heat-treated at 160 C. -
Check List the Journal Of
13 3 the journal of 2144 biodiversity data 17 June 2017 Check List NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 13(3): 2144, 17 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2144 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors First record of Moina dumonti Kotov, Elías-Gutiérrez & Granado- Ramírez, 2005 (Branchiopoda: Anomopoda) in Brazil Daniel da Silva Farias,1, 3 Lourdes Maria Abdu Elmoor-Loureiro2 & Christina Wyss Castelo Branco1 1 Núcleo de Estudos Limnológicos, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, IBIO, sala 403, CEP 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, QS 7 lote 1, Bloco M, sala 331, CEP 71966-700, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil 3 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The cladoceran Moina dumonti Kotov, Elías- of the water surface and has also Lemna minor L. in marginal Gutiérrez & Granado-Ramírez, 2005 (Anomopoda: Moinidae) areas. This waterbody is part of the lagoon system of Jacarep- was found in a hypereutrophic lagoon, Lagoinha, Rio de aguá, which also includes the lagoons of Jacarepaguá, Camor- Janeiro, Brazil. It represents the first record of this species in im, Tijuca and Marapendi (Soares 1999). The lagoon system is Brazil and in the Southern Hemisphere; it also represents the polluted by the inflow of rainwater drainage, untreated sewage, first record of this species in a perennial lagoon. The reasons and wastes from various other sources. The park is known to be for the success of the species in Lagoinha are discussed. a refuge for the wildlife of large aquatic vertebrates, including populations of Capybaras (Hydrochoreus hydrochaeris) and Key words.