2017 Fintech100. Leading Global Fintech Innovators
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Beauty Is Not in the Eye of the Beholder
Insight Consumer and Wealth Management Digital Assets: Beauty Is Not in the Eye of the Beholder Parsing the Beauty from the Beast. Investment Strategy Group | June 2021 Sharmin Mossavar-Rahmani Chief Investment Officer Investment Strategy Group Goldman Sachs The co-authors give special thanks to: Farshid Asl Managing Director Matheus Dibo Shahz Khatri Vice President Vice President Brett Nelson Managing Director Michael Murdoch Vice President Jakub Duda Shep Moore-Berg Harm Zebregs Vice President Vice President Vice President Shivani Gupta Analyst Oussama Fatri Yousra Zerouali Vice President Analyst ISG material represents the views of ISG in Consumer and Wealth Management (“CWM”) of GS. It is not financial research or a product of GS Global Investment Research (“GIR”) and may vary significantly from those expressed by individual portfolio management teams within CWM, or other groups at Goldman Sachs. 2021 INSIGHT Dear Clients, There has been enormous change in the world of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology since we first wrote about it in 2017. The number of cryptocurrencies has increased from about 2,000, with a market capitalization of over $200 billion in late 2017, to over 8,000, with a market capitalization of about $1.6 trillion. For context, the market capitalization of global equities is about $110 trillion, that of the S&P 500 stocks is $35 trillion and that of US Treasuries is $22 trillion. Reported trading volume in cryptocurrencies, as represented by the two largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, has increased sixfold, from an estimated $6.8 billion per day in late 2017 to $48.6 billion per day in May 2021.1 This data is based on what is called “clean data” from Coin Metrics; the total reported trading volume is significantly higher, but much of it is artificially inflated.2,3 For context, trading volume on US equity exchanges doubled over the same period. -
Bitcoin Institutional Investor Analysis
Bitcoin Institutional Investor Analysis LedgerMan, LedgerStat Capital1 Opening Premise History has shown that there is a 100% chance that FIAT money fails. It is just a matter of time. Some currencies last for a decade, some a couple of decades and still others such as the US dollar or the British pound have lasted multiple decades before losing most of their value. The fact is, all government issued currencies have failed over time. According to Austrian economic theory, money is a an economic good like any other. It’s marginal cost of production is zero and that is why it always fails. The issuers of FIAT money always print more of it in order to try and solve other problems other than just being money. Whether it is printed for social welfare, to pay for wars to bail out banks or to manage markets, we are currently witnessing government issuers of paper money attempting to solve more of the world’s problems with printed money. This inevitably leads to its failure. History has also shown that those that understand this concept and allocate a specific portion of their portfolio to gold and rebalance annually have benefited. Their portfolios have substantially increased returns with less risk. Since bitcoin was introduced a decade ago, it is inheriting the characteristics of hard/sound money with its fixed amount and increasing stock to flow ratio. With the recent drop in bitcoin price combined with its improvement in fundamentals, we believe an institutional investor is compelled to at least “’do the work” on bitcoin to determine if there is a possibility that bitcoin can become “digital gold” and perform the role that gold has performed for so many years as the “hard money” alternative to government-issued paper money. -
Crowdlending in Asia: Landscape and Investor Characteristics
Crowdlending in Asia: Landscape and Investor Characteristics November 2020 2 Table of Contents Overview 3 Methodology Overview 4 Methodology Statement 4 Crowdlending in Asia 5 Text Analytics and Insights 7 Crowdlending Investor Characteristics 15 Survey Analysis and Insights 16 Crowdlending in Asia: Landscape and Investor Characteristics | Findings and Insights | Findings and insights 3 Overview Multiple issues arise with the emergence of crowdlending; these pertain to regulation, risk management and investors’ behaviour. Compared to the non-investment crowdfunding model, crowdlending is the dominant model in the world. As of 2019, crowdlending accounted for more than 95% of the funds raised worldwide, with Asian countries – particularly China – in the lead. In early 2020, China had the largest volume of money-raising transactions from crowdfunding totalling more than 200 billion USD. However, given the industry’s potential growth in Asian countries, multiple issues with crowdfunding practices need to be resolved. Media coverage on crowdlending is increasingly widespread, as seen from how it has become a buzzword within the last few years. Media attention on crowdlending can help us understand media awareness, media framing, and public understanding of the topic. Further, there is a lack of information on distinct characteristics and decision making of crowdfunding investors in the field of investor behaviour. We analysed the news coverage on crowdlending in Asia spanning a ten-year period from 2009 to 2019. We also surveyed crowdlending investors to understand their behaviours when interacting with crowdlending platforms. Our analyses provide insights into the challenges and opportunities of the crowdlending industry in Asia. They also reveal crowdlending investors’ behaviour. -
Contents: the Core Bitcoin Becomes the Flag of Technology ( January 3, 2020 by Balaji S
Introduction by Kevin Gao (Work in Progress) Contents: The Core Bitcoin becomes the Flag of Technology (https://nakamoto.com/) January 3, 2020 by Balaji S. Srinivasan Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System October 31, 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto Bitcoin for the Open-Minded Skeptic (https://www.paradigm.xyz/) May 12, 2020 by Matt Huang User Thoughts Why Bitcoin (http://www.brianrast.com/) September 9, 2019 by Brian Rast How the Bitcoin protocol actually works (http://michaelnielsen.org/) December 6, 2013 by Michael Nielsen The case for a small allocation to Bitcoin (https://www.kanaandkatana.com/) March 1, 2019 by Wences Casares, CEO of Xapo If you think I’m missing any major essays/papers, shoot me an email at [email protected] or a dm on Twitter @kgao1412 with the subject: “Bitcoin Compilation.” Thanks! Investor Theses Why Bitcoin Matters (https://a16z.com/) January 22, 2014 by Marc Andreessen The Great Monetary Inflation May 7, 2020 by Paul Tudor Jones and Lorenzo Giorgianni An (Institutional) Investor’s Take on Cryptoassets December 24, 2017 by John Pfeffer General Talks BlockCon 2018: Nassim Taleb & Naval Ravikant (h/t http://www.mrsideproject.com/) October 11, 2018 Nassim Nicholas Taleb and Naval Ravikant Capitalizing on Tech-Enabled Transformations (Excerpt) July 20, 2018 Josh Wolfe and Michael Green If you think I’m missing any major essays/papers, shoot me an email at [email protected] or a dm on Twitter @kgao1412 with the subject: “Bitcoin Compilation.” Thanks! The Core Bitcoin becomes the Flag of Technology (https://nakamoto.com/) January 3, 2020 by Balaji S. -