General Assembly Distr.: General 31 August 2007
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United Nations A/62/314 General Assembly Distr.: General 31 August 2007 Original: English Sixty-second session Item 72 of the provisional agenda* Report of the International Criminal Court Report of the International Criminal Court Note by the Secretary-General The annual report of the International Criminal Court is submitted herewith to the General Assembly in accordance with article 6 of the Relationship Agreement between the United Nations and the International Criminal Court (see A/58/874, annex) and paragraph 12 of Assembly resolution 60/29. __________________ * A/62/150. 07-49454 (E) 210907 *0749454* A/62/314 Report of the International Criminal Court for 2006/07 Summary The present report, covering the period from 1 August 2006 to 1 August 2007, is the third annual report of the International Criminal Court (“the Court”) submitted to the United Nations. It covers the main developments in the Court’s activities and other developments of relevance to the relationship between the Court and the United Nations. Four situations were before the Court during the reporting period. The Prosecutor continued to investigate the situations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Darfur, the Sudan, and judicial proceedings took place in each of these situations. On 22 May 2007, the Prosecutor announced his decision to open an investigation into the situation in the Central African Republic. In the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Court confirmed charges of war crimes against Mr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo and his case was referred to trial. In the situation in Darfur, the Sudan, the Court issued warrants of arrest for two individuals for war crimes and crimes against humanity. At the conclusion of the reporting period, six warrants of arrest were outstanding — two in the situation in Darfur, the Sudan and four in the situation in Uganda. The warrants in the situation in Uganda have been outstanding since July 2005. The Court does not have the power to arrest persons. This responsibility belongs to States. During the reporting period, the Court continued to strengthen its cooperation with States, the United Nations and other actors with a view to ensuring the necessary support for the Court to enable it to fulfil the aims of the Rome Statute. 2 07-49454 A/62/314 Contents Paragraphs Page Summary ..................................................................... 2 I. Introduction ......................................................... 1–9 4 II. Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ......................... 10–20 5 A. The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo ............................ 11–16 5 B. Investigation .................................................... 17 6 C. Outreach........................................................ 18–20 6 III. Situation in Uganda................................................... 21–27 7 A. The Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony, Vincent Otti, Okot Odhiambo, Raska Lukwiya and Dominic Ongwen ..................................... 22–23 7 B. Investigation .................................................... 24–25 7 C. Outreach........................................................ 26–27 7 IV. Situation in Darfur, the Sudan .......................................... 28–35 8 A. The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Muhammad Harun (“Ahmad Harun”) and Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman (“Ali Kushayb”) ...................... 29–31 8 B. Investigation .................................................... 32–34 8 C. Outreach........................................................ 35 9 V. Situation in the Central African Republic ................................. 36–38 9 VI. Analysis of other potential situations..................................... 39 9 VII. The Court within a broader system of international criminal justice ........... 40–59 10 A. Ratification of the Rome Statute .................................... 40–42 10 B. Cooperation with the United Nations ................................ 43–48 10 C. Cooperation with States, international organizations and civil society ..... 49–55 11 D. Cooperation among international courts and tribunals................... 56–59 13 VIII. Conclusion .......................................................... 60 13 07-49454 3 A/62/314 I. Introduction 1. The present report, covering the period from 1 August 2006 to 1 August 2007, is the third annual report of the International Criminal Court (“the Court”) submitted to the United Nations. It covers the main developments in the Court’s activities and other developments of relevance to the relationship between the Court and the United Nations since the submission of the second report of the Court to the United Nations (A/61/217). 2. The Court is an independent, treaty-based, permanent judicial institution with jurisdiction over persons for the most serious crimes of international concern, namely genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The Court is complementary to national jurisdictions and its Statute and Rules of Procedure and Evidence guarantee fair and expeditious public trials consistent with internationally recognized human rights. 3. The Court is independent from but has close historical, legal and operational ties with the United Nations. The relationship between the Court and the United Nations is governed by the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute and by the Relationship Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations (A/58/874, annex). Since the conclusion of the Relationship Agreement on 4 October 2004, the Court and the United Nations have steadily developed their mutual cooperation while respecting the independence and judicial nature of the Court. 4. The aims of the States Parties to the Rome Statute in establishing the Court overlap with the purposes and principles of the United Nations. By helping to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes, the Court is intended to contribute to the prevention of such crimes and to the maintenance of peace and security. The Court contributes to furthering the aims of the United Nations by acting as a judicial, apolitical institution. The Court is bound at all times by its mandate, as set out in the Rome Statute, and its credibility and effectiveness depend on its strict adherence to this mandate. 5. The Court operates in circumstances unlike those of any previous international criminal tribunal. Its investigations cover situations in four countries. Investigating these situations has involved activities on the territory of these countries and in over 25 additional countries during the reporting period. Each situation has specific and often far-reaching requirements in terms of languages, logistics, transportation and communications. Furthermore, the Court is active in situations where conflict is ongoing and crimes are being committed. This presents added operational, security and logistical challenges for the Court in all of its activities, including judicial proceedings. To protect the security of victims or witnesses, the Court has in the past issued warrants of arrest under seal and delayed public judicial proceedings until protective measures could be implemented. 6. In all situations, the Court relies critically on international cooperation. The Rome Statute established a system of international criminal justice comprising two pillars. The Court is the judicial pillar responsible for carrying out investigations and trials of crimes within its jurisdiction when national courts are unwilling or unable to do so. The enforcement pillar, including in particular the power to arrest persons, has been allocated to States. Sustained cooperation and support are 4 07-49454 A/62/314 therefore essential for the Court to achieve the aims of the States Parties embodied in the Rome Statute. 7. On 1 July 2007, on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the entry into force of the Rome Statute, the Secretary-General of the United Nations stated that “during the relatively short time of its existence, the Court has already established itself as the centrepiece of a system of international criminal justice”. As the Court’s investigations and judicial proceedings have progressed, the Court has been credited with having an impact in specific situations as a result of its presenting a credible possibility of international prosecution where national courts are unwilling or unable to act. Ensuring the arrest of persons is critical to maintaining the realistic possibility of prosecution and thereby maximizing the impact of the Court. 8. Four situations were before the Court during the reporting period. The Prosecutor continued to investigate the situations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Darfur, the Sudan, and judicial proceedings were held in each situation. On 22 May 2007, the Prosecutor announced his decision to open an investigation into the situation in the Central African Republic. 9. During the reporting period, three judges resigned from the Court. The Deputy Prosecutor (Investigations) resigned to continue his role as Commissioner of the International Independent Investigation Commission established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1595 (2005). An election to replace the three judges will take place during the sixth session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute, to be held at United Nations Headquarters from 30 November to 14 December 2007. II. Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 10. The situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo