DOCSLIB.ORG

Sept 09 Critical Link.Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sept 09 Critical Link.Pub A Publication of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene The Laboratories Administration—Maryland’s State Public Health Laboratory Success Story Nancy Reilman from the Receives Public Health Recognition for Microbiology Safekeeping of Gonorrhea Drinking Water Laboratory On August 11, 2009, on behalf of the staff of the Division of Environmental Chemistry, a unit in the Laboratories “Unsatisfactory” Administration, DHMH had the distinct result reports pleasure to present an appreciation plaque to Ms. Nancy Reilman, Chief of reduced from the Safe Drinking Water Act Implementation Division, Maryland 7% to less than 1% Department of the Environment Water Ms. Nancy Reilman, Chief, Safe Drinking Supply Program. This plaque was Water Act Implementation Division, MDE Up until the beginning of the summer of awarded to Ms. Reilman for her many Water Supply Program. Photo: Taiyin Wei 2009, local health departments and years of support and contributions to the health care providers were frustrated State’s public health drinking water with the high number of reports of the laboratories. Inside this issue: result “unsatisfactory” due to Ms. Reilman has worked tirelessly in overgrowth of patient normal flora. obtaining funds to help the Division Discovery of a upgrade instrumentation and equipment New Variant On his first day as the Laboratories used for the analysis of drinking water Administration’s Chief of the Public samples. It’s a pleasure working with of the HIV-1 Virus Health Microbiology Division, Dr. Jafar Ms. Reilman, as she is both a visionary Razeq was asked by Director Dr. Jack and a person with a practical outlook and ON PAGE 3 DeBoy to pay special attention to this novel ideas for ensuring the effective problem. implementation of the State’s Safe Drinking Water Program. After a thorough inspection of hundreds September 2009 of GC culture plates over a period of This article written by Dr. Prince Kassim. (Continued on page 2) Volume 13, Number 9 Critical Link • www.dhmh.state.md.us/labs/html/critical-link.html • December 2008 • Vol. 12, No. 12 Page 1 PRODUCTION MANAGER Georgia Corso EDITORIAL BOARD Jack DeBoy, Dr. P. H. Prince Kassim, Ph.D. The staff of the Gonorrhea Laboratory of the Public Health Microbiology Division, from left Fizza Majid, Ph.D. to right: Yaaqobah Evans, Damini Jain, Kim Shoutz, Carla Rollins, and Mara Johnson. Robert Myers, Ph.D. Jafar Razeq, Ph.D. Jim Svrjcek, B.A. (Continued from page 1) reported out as “unsatisfactory.” This Michael Wajda, M.S., J.D. Success Story from the Public Health certainly is a significant improvement Microbiology Gonorrhea Laboratory that reflects well on patient test Chengru Zhu, Ph.D. management. several months, and after spending many LABORATORIES ADMINISTRATION hours investigating what might have The Public Health Microbiology gone wrong, the Division made the Division’s staff in the GC Laboratory Director following recommendations: (see photo) and their partners in the Jack DeBoy, Dr.P.H. LHDs, especially in Howard and • Handle media properly, during Frederick counties where pilot studies Deputy Director storage and transport, both before were conducted, can be proud about this for Scientific Programs and after being inoculated; success and their commitment to Robert Myers, Ph.D. providing quality laboratory services. • Modify the laboratory’s reporting This problem could not have been and interpretation guidelines; solved without the hard work and Deputy Director for Administrative and • Switch to a culture medium support of all involved. Regulatory Programs (GC-Lect™) that the literature1,2 Michael Wajda, M.S., J.D. has shown to improve suppression To ensure that this problem does not of normal patient flora; recur, the “unsatisfactory” rate will remain under continuous monitoring TECHNICAL QUESTIONS • Work closely with local health departments (LHDs) to ensure proper This article written by Dr. Jafar Razeq. Questions concerning collection, inoculation, and transport technical content of this newsletter of GC specimens. References may be referred to Implementating these recommendations 1 Evans, G.L et al. 1989. New selective medium Dr. Jack DeBoy at 410-767-6100 for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Clin. has resulted in a ten-fold decrease in Microbiol. 27: 2471-2474 reporting the result “unsatisfactory.” Between May 5 and July 5 of this year, 2 The Critical Link is published monthly Reichart, C.A. et al. 1989. Comparison of GC- by the staff of the 0.7% (34) were reported out with the Lect and Modified Thayer-Martin media for the result of “unsatisfactory.” During the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Clin. Laboratories Administration Microbiol. 27: 808-811. Department of Health & Mental Hygiene same three month period last year (May 201 W. Preston Street 5 through July 5, 2008), 7% (467) were Baltimore, Maryland 21201 (Phone 410-767-6909) Page 2 Critical Link • www.dhmh.state.md.us/labs/html/critical-link.html • September 2009 • Vol. 13, No. 9 Patient RBF168 was born in Cameroon Her husband died in 1984 (HIV status Discovery of a in the southeast portion of the country unknown) and she reported having other and lived in towns around the capital, sexual partners (HIV status unknown) New Variant of Yaoundé. She did not live in rural areas after his death. Her positive HIV status of the country and reported no contact was discovered after her move to France the HIV-1 Virus with apes or bushmeat (meat of 4 1 in 2004. terrestrial wild animals.) Though HIV is transmitted primarily through sexual contact, exposure to bushmeat from the Classification Strain more closely butchering process and exposure to the related to a Simian hunted animals themselves is thought to A brief review of HIV classification is be a mechanism for the transfer of presented to help in understanding the 2,3 Immunodeficiency virus simian viruses to humans. need for further test results. HIV is (SIV) found in gorillas classified as a retrovirus (Family Retroviridae, genus Lentivirus) which has RNA as the major genetic French scientists at the University of component instead of DNA. The enzyme, reverse transcriptase, contained Rouen have announced the discovery of a new variant of the HIV-1 virus, more in the retrovirus, enables it to convert this RNA to DNA which is then closely related to a simian immunodefi- ciency virus (SIV) found incorporated into the in gorillas. Genetic host cells’ genetic testing showed this strain material. This enables was more closely related the virus to replicate to a Simian Immuno- along with the host deficiency virus (SIV) cells’ DNA. found in gorillas than the Human Immuno- HIV is divided into two deficiency virus (HIV). types, HIV-1 and The scientists proposed HIV-2. Both cause this new strain should be disease though it is designated as HIV-1 believed that the group P.1 transmission of HIV-2 is more difficult and the One characteristic that period from infection to 5,6 determines further study illness is longer. is inconsistent or HIV-1 is the negative viral loads in a predominant virus and patient that is confirmed is found throughout the HIV positive with no world. HIV-2 is antiviral therapy. centered in West Africa Discrepancies in and is rarely found in 5 molecular and viral load other areas. testing of a 62-year-old woman (patient RBF168) HIV-1 is further from Cameroon resulted subdivided into three in further analysis of her groups, M (major), N HIV strain because she (non-M, non-O), and O met these criteria. Her (outlier). With the background and virus discovery of the novel strain were studied HIV-1 variant, a forth (Continued on page 4) further. Critical Link • www.dhmh.state.md.us/labs/html/critical-link.html • September 2009 • Vol. 13, No. 9 Page 3 (Continued from page 3) Laboratory has demonstrated that approximately 30% of specimens Discovery of a New Variant considerable HIV diversity in Maryland. from patients attending HIV treatment of the HIV-1 Virus Conducting HIV-2 specific testing is clinics in Maryland contained non- standard procedure on all HIV subtype B HIV-1 Group M viruses (see group may be added, group P. Group M serological screening test reactive figure 1). is the predominant group and is specimens that were not confirmed as subdivided into 12 subtypes or clades HIV-1 antibody positive by Western RBF 168 Test Results (A1, A2, B, C, D, F1, F2, G, H, J, and Blot testing. Since the early 1990’s, the K). The twelfth subtype consists of retrovirology laboratory has identified After reviewing patient RBF 168’s circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) 30 cases of HIV-2 in Montgomery and background (see above), her medical which are composed of viruses with Prince George’s Counties. history and test results were reviewed. mixed genetic material derived from HIV screening tests were reactive and recombination with other subtypes. In 1996, working in conjunction with a western blot showed weak reactivity to HIV-2 is divided into 7 groups, A CDC study, a rare HIV-1 Group “O” HIV-1 group M proteins. Her CD4+ 5,7 through G. virus infection was identified by count was stable. Viral load was high genotyping viruses from West African using nonspecific group M and O PCR Since HIV was first recognized as the expatriates attending HIV treatment commercial assays. Virus isolation and etiological agent of AIDS in the early- clinics in the Maryland suburbs of growth procedures proved that the virus 1980’s, HIV-1 Group M subtype B Washington DC. In more recent years, would replicate in human cells. She viruses have predominated North genotyping portions of polymerase (pol) shows no sign of AIDS, and has not America. However, through enhanced genes initially sequenced at the received any treatment.4 surveillance testing, the Laboratories retrovirology laboratory for anti-viral Administration Retrovirology drug resistance testing has demonstrated Viral load quantification was not successful when using group M specific assays.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Twenty Years of Passive Disease Surveillance of Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) in Slovenia
    animals Article Twenty Years of Passive Disease Surveillance of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Slovenia Diana Žele Vengušt 1, Urška Kuhar 2, Klemen Jerina 3 and Gorazd Vengušt 1,* 1 Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiˇceva60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] 2 Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiˇceva60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] 3 Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, Veˇcnapot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-(1)-4779-196 Simple Summary: Wildlife can serve as a reservoir for highly contagious and deadly diseases, many of which are infectious to domestic animals and/or humans. Wildlife disease surveillance can be considered an essential tool to provide important information on the health status of the population and for the protection of human health. Between 2000 and 2019, examinations of 510 roe deer carcasses were conducted by comprehensive necropsy and other laboratory tests. In conclusion, the results of this research indicate a broad spectrum of roe deer diseases, but no identified disease can be considered a significant health threat to other wildlife species and/or to humans. Abstract: In this paper, we provide an overview of the causes of death of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) diagnosed within the national passive health surveillance of roe deer in Slovenia. From 2000 to 2019, postmortem examinations of 510 free-ranging roe deer provided by hunters were conducted at the Veterinary Faculty, Slovenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria
    Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria Abiotrophia defectiva Corynebacterium xerosisB Micrococcus lylaeB Staphylococcus warneri Aerococcus sanguinicolaB Dermabacter hominisB Pediococcus acidilactici Staphylococcus xylosusB Aerococcus urinaeB Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensisB Pediococcus pentosaceusB Streptococcus agalactiae Aerococcus viridans Enterococcus avium Rothia dentocariosaB Streptococcus anginosus Alloiococcus otitisB Enterococcus casseliflavus Rothia mucilaginosa Streptococcus canisB Arthrobacter cumminsiiB Enterococcus durans Rothia aeriaB Streptococcus equiB Brevibacterium caseiB Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus auricularisB Streptococcus constellatus Corynebacterium accolensB Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus dysgalactiaeB Corynebacterium afermentans groupB Enterococcus gallinarum Staphylococcus capitis Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp dysgalactiaeV Corynebacterium amycolatumB Enterococcus hiraeB Staphylococcus capraeB Streptococcus dysgalactiae spp equisimilisV Corynebacterium aurimucosum groupB Enterococcus mundtiiB Staphylococcus carnosusB Streptococcus gallolyticus ssp gallolyticusV Corynebacterium bovisB Enterococcus raffinosusB Staphylococcus cohniiB Streptococcus gallolyticusB Corynebacterium coyleaeB Facklamia hominisB Staphylococcus cohnii ssp cohniiV Streptococcus gordoniiB Corynebacterium diphtheriaeB Gardnerella vaginalis Staphylococcus cohnii ssp urealyticusV Streptococcus infantarius ssp coli (Str.lutetiensis)V Corynebacterium freneyiB Gemella haemolysans Staphylococcus delphiniB Streptococcus infantarius
    [Show full text]
  • Nocardia Bacteremia: a Single-Center Retrospective Review and A
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases 92 (2020) 197–207 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Nocardia bacteremia: A single-center retrospective review and a systematic review of the literature a,b, a,b,c a,b,c Eloise Williams *, Adam W. Jenney , Denis W. Spelman a Microbiology Unit, Alfred Health, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia b Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia c Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Objectives: Nocardia bacteremia is a rare but severe disease associated with high mortality. This Received 14 August 2019 systematic review is the largest and most comprehensive review performed over the past 20 years. Received in revised form 21 December 2019 Methods: A single-center retrospective review of Nocardia bacteremia was performed using hospital Accepted 13 January 2020 microbiology records from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017. A systematic literature review was also performed to identify cases of Nocardia bacteremia described in the NCBI PubMed database in English Keywords: between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2018. Nocardia Results: Four new cases of Nocardia bacteremia are described. The systematic review identified 134 cases Nocardiosis with sufficient information available for analysis. Of the total 138 cases, the median age was 58 years Bacteremia (interquartile range (IQR) 44–69 years) and 70% were male. Eighty-one percent were immunocom- Central line-associated bloodstream infection promised (corticosteroid use (49%), hematological malignancy (20%), solid organ transplant (20%), Immunocompromise solid organ malignancy (19%), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (15%)) and 29% had endovascular devices.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Genomic Sequence of Nocardia Farcinica IFM 10152
    The complete genomic sequence of Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 Jun Ishikawa*†, Atsushi Yamashita‡, Yuzuru Mikami§, Yasutaka Hoshino§, Haruyo Kurita*¶, Kunimoto Hotta*, Tadayoshi Shiba¶, and Masahira Hattori‡ *Department of Bioactive Molecules, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; ‡Laboratory of Genomic Information, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; ¶School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan; and §Department of Molecular Function, Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8673, Japan Communicated by Satoshi O៮ mura, Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan, August 31, 2004 (received for review May 27, 2004) We determined the genomic sequence of Nocardia farcinica IFM sistency of the final assembly was confirmed in terms of restric- 10152, a clinical isolate, and revealed the molecular basis of its tion fragment patterns. Both AseI and DraI recognition sites versatility. The genome consists of a single circular chromosome of estimated from the final assembly were in good agreement with bp with an average G؉C content of 70.8% and two experimental data (not shown). The accuracy of each base was 6,021,225 plasmids of 184,027 (pNF1) and 87,093 (pNF2) bp with average G؉C reflected by its PHRAP score. In the final assembly, 99.85% of the contents of 67.2% and 68.4%, respectively. The chromosome sequence had an error rate of Ͻ1 per 10,000 bases (PHRAP score encoded 5,674 putative protein-coding sequences, including many of Ն40). The number of rrn operons was confirmed by Southern candidate genes for virulence and multidrug resistance as well as hybridization (data not shown).
    [Show full text]
  • Final Contaminant Candidate List 3 Microbes: Screening to PCCL
    Final Contaminant Candidate List 3 Microbes: Screening to the PCCL Office of Water (4607M) EPA 815-R-09-0005 August 2009 www.epa.gov/safewater EPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Microbes: EPA 815-R-09-0005 Screening to the PCCL August 2009 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ......................................................................................................... 2 1.0 Background and Scope ....................................................................................................... 3 2.0 Recommendations for Screening a Universe of Drinking Water Contaminants to Produce a PCCL.............................................................................................................................. 3 3.0 Definition of Screening Criteria and Rationale for Their Application............................... 5 3.1 Application of Screening Criteria to the Microbial CCL Universe ..........................................8 4.0 Additional Screening Criteria Considered.......................................................................... 9 4.1 Organism Covered by Existing Regulations.............................................................................9 4.1.1 Organisms Covered by Fecal Indicator Monitoring ..............................................................................9 4.1.2 Organisms Covered by Treatment Technique .....................................................................................10 5.0 Data Sources Used for Screening the Microbial CCL 3 Universe ................................... 11 6.0
    [Show full text]
  • Similarity to Tuberculosis (A Bacteriological and Proteomics Study)
    Pulmonary Nocardiosis Similarity to Tuberculosis (A Bacteriological and Proteomics Study) Mugahid M. El Hassan Mugahid M. El Hassan1, Simone König2, Nageeb S. Saeed3 Mohamed E. Hamid4, and M. Goodfellow5 1. Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 2. Integrated Functional Genomics, Munster, Germany. 3. National Health Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan. 4. King Khalid University, Abha, KSA. 5. School of Biology, University of Newcastle, UK. INTRODUCTION 38 million head of goats 37 million head of cattle Data from the Animal Wealth Sector Performance Report, Federal Ministry of Animal Wealth in 2000 Nocardiae, are actinomycetes which are epidemiologically saprophytic They include species forming parasitic association with animals and plants They occur in a wide range of man made and natural habitat including activated sewage sludge, soil, water and tissues of plants and animals including human. • Nocardiosis, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV and cancer (immunocompramised). • Nocardiosis is considered to be a late presenting community acquired infection, but there is growing evidence that the disease is transmissible. Pulmonary Nocardiosis • Primary pulmonary nocardiosis may be sub clinical or pneumonic; it may be chronic or acute with secondary involvement of other organs, mainly the brain. Pulmonary Nocardiosis • In non-tropical countries, most infections are caused by N. asteroides, N. farcinica and N. nova, relatively few by N. brasiliensis, N.otitidiscaviarum and N. transvalenses. Nocardia and Diseases Mastitis caused by N. asteroides Mycetoma produced by Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardia africana • Nocardia africana, was isolated from sputum obtained from patients suffering from pulmonary infection admitted at Chest Unit of Khartoum Teaching Hospital in Sudan.
    [Show full text]
  • Goat Milk: Able Product, Farmers and Producers Have Their Herds’ Milk Tested to Determine the Presence of Udderly Healthy Mastitis Or Other Infections
    Maryland Department of Health & Mental Hygiene John M. Colmers, Secretary A Publication of Maryland’s State Public Health Laboratory April 2007 Volume 11, Number 4 infection. In order to offer patrons a safe consum- Goat Milk: able product, farmers and producers have their herds’ milk tested to determine the presence of Udderly Healthy mastitis or other infections. Typically, counting so- matic cells in milk helps confirm clinical udder Consistently, the State Laboratories ensure Mary- landers get safe and nutritious milk. Maryland's Laboratories Administration, in association with the DHMH Office of Food Protection and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), follows regulations with established milk testing protocols. The West- ern Maryland Regional Laboratory (WMRL) in Cumberland also conducts a testing program for goat milk. The Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC) is used by the WMRL to test udder health. Though Maryland currently has only a small number of dairy goat farms producing milk, the use of goat-milk products and the goat-milk business is growing nationwide. Importance of Testing Somatic cells in goat milk consist of white blood cells, cytoplasmic particles and a small number of epithelial cells from the milk secreting tissues.1 The production of white blood cells is a defense against Figure 1. Electron micrograph of a “cytoplasmic particle” shed into the milk by the mammary epithelium of a goat. The particle contains nuclear material (arrow) derived from the mammary Inside this issue: secretory cell. Bar=2µm. Photo from Journal of Animal Science, 1977. Goat Milk: Udderly Healthy Page 1 infection (mastitis). Somatic cell counts (SCC) can LABORATORY STATISTICS Page 6 also detect some sub-clinical infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulmonary Nocardiosis Caused By
    Yagi et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014, 14:684 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/14/684 CASE REPORT Open Access Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: two case reports Kazuma Yagi1, Makoto Ishii1*, Ho Namkoong1, Takahiro Asami1, Hiroshi Fujiwara2, Tomoyasu Nishimura3, Fumitake Saito1, Yoshifumi Kimizuka1, Takanori Asakura1, Shoji Suzuki1, Tetsuro Kamo1, Sadatomo Tasaka1, Tohru Gonoi4, Katsuhiko Kamei4,5, Tomoko Betsuyaku1 and Naoki Hasegawa2 Abstract Background: Pulmonary nocardiosis frequently occurs in immunocompromised hosts and in some immunocompetent hosts with chronic lung disease; however, few reports have described pulmonary nocardiosis with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infection. Here we report for the first time two cases of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica associated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease caused by M. avium. Case presentation: Case 1 is that of a 72-year-old Japanese man with untreated MAC lung disease, who was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and initiated on methotrexate. After 3 years of methotrexate therapy, the patient remained smear-negative and culture-positive for MAC, but also became smear-positive for Nocardia species. He received trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and his symptoms and lung infiltrates improved. Case 2 is that of an immunocompetent 53-year-old Japanese woman with MAC lung disease, who was treated with a combined therapy of clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and levofloxacin. MAC sputum culture was negative after 1 year of combined treatment, which was maintained for 2 years. After four treatment-free years, Nocardia species were occasionally isolated from her sputum, although MAC was rarely isolated from sputum cultures over the same period.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of Nocardiosis Patients with Different Immune Status from a Chinese Tertiary General Hospital During 8-Year Period
    Characteristics of nocardiosis patients with different immune status from a Chinese tertiary general hospital during 8-year period Lei Huang ( [email protected] ) Peking University First Hospital Liying Sun Peking University First Hospital Yan Yan Peking University First Hospital Research article Keywords: nocardiosis, immunocompetent patients (ICPs), immunosuppressed patients (ISPs), Nocardia farcinica; Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Posted Date: October 17th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.16153/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/12 Abstract Background: Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen from environment, which is generally thought to infect immunosuppressed patients (ISPs), but recent studies showed it could also cause infections in immunocompetent patients (ICPs). Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, patients’ outcome, Nocardia species identication and antibiotic susceptibility proles of nocardiosis between ICPs and ISPs. Methods: The detailed clinical data were collected from all the non-repetitive nocardiosis patients during 2011 and 2018, from a tertiary general hospital in Beijing, China. Then each Nocardia isolate was identied to species level by DNA sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by E- test method, and interpreted following CLSI M24 document. The clinical and microbiological characteristics between ICPs and ISPs were compared statistically. Results: A total of 23 non-repetitive nocardiosis patients with detailed clinical data were enrolled in this study. Among them, 9 were ICPs and 14 were ISPs. All the skin and soft tissue infections occurred in ICPs (33.3% versus 0%, P<0.05). Bronchiectasis occurred more frequently in ICPs (44.4% versus 21.4%), while chronic kidney diseases and co-infection with aspergillosis occurred more frequently in ISPs (35.7% versus 0%, 35.7% versus 0%, respectively), although they did not reach the statistical signicance.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulmonary Nocardiosis; Similarity to Tuberculosis (A Bacteriological and Proteomics Study)
    Egypt. Acad. J. biolog. Sci., 2(2): 15 - 25 (2010) G. Microbiology Email: [email protected] ISSN: 2090–0872 Received: 20/6/2010 www.eajbs.eg.net Pulmonary Nocardiosis; Similarity to Tuberculosis (A Bacteriological and Proteomics Study) Mogahid M. El Hassan1; Nageeb S. Saeed2; Mohamed E. Hamid3 and M. Goodfellow4 1- College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. E. mail: [email protected]. 2- Department of Laboratories and Medical Researches, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan. 3- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. P O. Box 641 4- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK. ABSTRACT Objective: The aims of the present study were to decide the occurrence of nocardia spp. among Sudanese patients suspected with tuberculosis and to investigate all proteins expressed by the genome of Nocardia africana (formerly isolated from patients with pulmonary infection misdiagnosed as MDR and their structures and functions compared to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and twenty-nine patients, presented with pulmonary infection were included in this study. Those patients were examined for the presence of acid- fast bacilli. Two tubes of Lownstein- Jensen (L.J) medium were inoculated with 20 l of the neutralized sputum sample. All cultures were incubated at 37C for 8 weeks before being discarded. Phenotypic characterizations were performed. For nocardia proteom poly acrylamide gele lectrophoresis (PAGE)-based analyses of the four nocardia strains N. farcinica SD1828, N. africana SD 925, and N. asteroides N317 are discussed. In-gel tryptic digestion of these isolates was also performed, then the resulting peptides were introduced to MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprints were searched using MASCOT software.
    [Show full text]
  • Lab Testing Procedures
    1 www.uthealth.org/microbiology 1/23/19 INTRODUCTION. Susceptibility testing, identification by DNA gene sequencing and DNA fingerprinting of the rapidly growing mycobacteria and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and related aerobic actinomycetes are performed at the UTHSCT Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory. The laboratory is College of American Pathologists (CAP) accredited and holds a CLIA license, a Florida CLIA license, and a Pennsylvania license. The Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory has been in operation for approximately 40 years and accepts pure culture isolates (not gross specimens) of the above groups of organisms for susceptibility, identification, and DNA fingerprinting. Please note there will be an additional charge and increased turn-around time for any isolates that are not pure. If desired, gross specimens should be submitted to the UTHSCT Pathology Laboratory (See Mycobacterium/Mycology Referral; call 903-877-5745 for details. Additional charges will apply). SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING. Susceptibility testing is performed using the CLSI recommended broth microdilution MIC method for the NTM, Nocardia, and other related aerobic actinomycetes. For rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), the routine panel of drugs* includes clarithromycin, amikacin, imipenem, linezolid, tigecycline, tobramycin (for M. chelonae/immunogenum complex), cefoxitin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline and/or minocycline. Incubation time is 3-5 days at 30oC except for clarithromycin which is held up to 14 days to check for inducible in vitro resistance (erm gene). However, if isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus complex, M. chelonae, M. immunogenum and M. mucogenicum complex are sequenced in our laboratory, extended incubation will not be necessarry and the clarithromycin MICs will be reported after 3-4 days incubation as susceptible or resistant based on sequencing of the erm gene, rpoB sequence identification, and/or exclusion of a 23S rRNA gene mutation.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficient Differentiation of Mycobacterium Avium Complex
    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 2010, p. 4057–4062 Vol. 48, No. 11 0095-1137/10/$12.00 doi:10.1128/JCM.00904-10 Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Efficient Differentiation of Mycobacterium avium Complex Species and Subspecies by Use of Five-Target Multiplex PCRᰔ Sung Jae Shin,1† Byung Soo Lee,1† Won-Jung Koh,2 Elizabeth J. B. Manning,3 Kelly Anklam,3 Srinand Sreevatsan,4 Randall S. Lambrecht,5 and Michael T. Collins3* Department of Microbiology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Infection Signaling Network Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea1; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea2; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-11023; Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 301E Veterinary Science Building, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 551084; and College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-04135 Received 5 May 2010/Returned for modification 9 August 2010/Accepted 19 August 2010 Infections caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are on the rise in both human and veterinary medicine. A means of effectively discriminating among closely related yet pathogenetically diverse members of the MAC would enable better diagnosis and treatment as well as further our understanding of the epidemiology of these pathogens. In this study, a five-target multiplex PCR designed to discriminate MAC organisms isolated from liquid culture media was developed.
    [Show full text]