Module 4: Audio Productionaudio Production
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Module: 1 Community Radio: An Introduction 4 Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia Module: 4 Audio Production Course - lI Community Radio Production: System & Technology Module: 4 Audio Production Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Ltd. New Delhi Commonwealth Educational Media 1Noida, UP Centre for Asia Module: 4 Module 4: Audio ProductionAudio Production Curriculum Design Experts Abhay Gupta, BECIL, Noida N.Ramakrishnan, Ideosync Media Combine, Faridabad Aditeshwar Seth, Gram Vaani, New Delhi Pankaj Athawale, MUST Radio; Mumbai University, Mumbai C.R.K. Murthy, STRIDE, IGNOU, New Delhi Ramnath Bhat, Maraa, Bengaluru D. Rukmini Vemraju, CEMCA, New Delhi Ravina Aggarwal, Ford Foundation, New Delhi Hemant Babu, Nomad, Mumbai Sanjaya Mishra, CEMCA, New Delhi Iskra Panevska, UNESCO, New Delhi Santosh Panda, STRIDE, IGNOU, New Delhi J. P. Nathani, BECIL, Noida Satish Nagaraji, One World South Asia, New Delhi Jayalakshmi Chittoor, Independent Consultant, New Delhi Supriya Sahu, Ministry of I & B, GoI, New Delhi K. Subramanian, BECIL, Noida V. Krishnamoorthy, Independent Consultant, New Delhi Kandarpa Das, Radio Luit, Gauhati University, Guwahati Y. K. Sharma, BECIL, Noida Module Development Team Authors Instructional Designer Chief Editor Vasuki Belavadi (Unit 13) Prof. Santosh Panda B.P. Srivastava University of Hyderabad Indira Gandhi National Open BECIL, Noida University, New Delhi Hemant Babu (Units 14 & 15) Module Editor Nomad, Mumbai N. Ramakrishnan Course Development Coordinators Layout Designer Ideosync Media Combine Faridabad Ankuran Dutta Sabyasachi Panja CEMCA, New Delhi Language Editor D Rukmini Vemraju Anamika Ray CEMCA, New Delhi (up to 30.9.2013) The Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA) is an international organization established by the Commonwealth of Learning (COL), Vancouver, Canada, to promote the meaningful, relevant and appropriate use of ICTs to serve the educational and training needs of Commonwealth member states of Asia. CEMCA receives diplomatic privileges and immunities in India under section 3 of the United Nations (privileges and immunities) Act, 1947. Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited (BECIL) an ISO certified, Mini Ratna public sector enterprise of Government of India was established in the year 1995 and provides project consultancy services and turnkey solutions encompassing the entire gamut of radio and television broadcast engineering viz content production facilities, terrestrial, satellite and cable broadcasting in India & abroad. It also provides associated services like trained manpower and organizing training for the technical staff in the areas of broadcast engineering. Copyright © CEMCA, 2014. This module is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (international): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ For the avoidance of doubt, by applying this license Commonwealth of Learning and Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA) do not waive any privileges or immunities from claims that they may be entitled to assert, nor do COL/CEMCA submit themselves to the jurisdiction, courts, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction. ISBN: 81-88770-21-3 (10 digits) 978-81-88770-21-2 (13 digits) While all efforts have been made by Editors to check accuracy of the content, the representation of facts, principles, descriptions and methods are that of the respective authors. Views expressed in the publication are that of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of CEMCA/COL. All products and services mentioned are owned by their respective copyrights holders, and mere presentation in the publication does not mean endorsement by CEMCA/COL. Every effort has been made to acknowledge and attribute all sources of information used in preparation of this learning material. Readers are requested to kindly notify missing attribution, if any. For further information, contact: Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia 13/14, Sarv Priya Vihar New Delhi - 110016 http://www.cemca.org.in e-mail: [email protected] Printed and published on behalf of Director, CEMCA by Mr. R. Thyagarajan, Head (Administration and Finance), CEMCA, 13/14 Sarv Priya Vihar, New Delhi - 110016, India. 2 Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia Module: 4 Certificate in Community Radio AudioTechnology Production Courses Modules Units Course I: Module 1 Unit 1 : Community Radio: Concept and Understanding Community Radio: Evolution Community Radio An Introduction Unit 2: Context, Access and Equity (3 Credits, 90 Hours) Unit 3: Community Radio: Policy Guidelines Unit 4: Technology for CR: Guiding Principles Module 2 Unit 5: Components of CR Station Setting up of CRS Unit 6: Radio Waves and Spectrum Unit 7: Basics of Electricity Unit 8: Power Backup and Voltage Stabilization Course II: Module 3 Unit 9: Basics of Sound Community Radio Studio Technology Unit 10: Analog and Digital Audio Production: System & Unit 11: Components of the Audio Chain Technology Unit 12: Studio Acoustics (5 Credits,150 Hours) Module 4 Unit 13: Audio Hardware and Field Recording Audio Production Unit 14: Free and Open Source Software Unit 15: Telephony for Radio Module 5 Unit 16: Sound Recording and Editing Audio Post Production Unit 17: Mixing and Mastering Unit 18: File Formats and Compression Unit 19: Storing and Retrieval Module 6 Unit 20: Good Engineering Practices for Studio Studio Operations Setup Unit 21: Studio Equipment: Preventive & Corrective Maintenance Unit 22: Content Distribution: Alternative Mechanisms Course III: Module 7 Unit 23: Components of Transmission Chain Community Radio Radio Transmission Unit 24: Components of FM Transmitter Transmission: System & Technology Unit 25: Antenna and Coaxial Cable Technology Unit 26: Propagation and Coverage (2 Credits, 60 Hrs) Module 8 Unit 27: Transmitter Setup: Step-by-step FM Transmitter Setup Unit 28: Transmission System-Preventive and Corrective Maintenance Unit 29: Transmission Setup–Good Engineering Practices Course IV: Module 9 Section A: Introduction Technical Internship Practical Internship Section B: Activities to be Conducted During the (2 Credits, 60 Hrs) Handbook Practical Internship Section C: The Internship Journal and Self- Assessment Paper Section D: Assessment of Internship Section E: Appendices Commonwealth Educational Media 3 Centre for Asia Module: 4 Audio Production Video in the Module: Studio Recording Hardware by Ramnath Bhat http://tinyurl.com/ppkowtp 4 Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia Module: 4 Audio Production CONTENTS Page No. About the Module 7 Unit 13 : Audio Hardware and Field Recording 8 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Learning Outcomes 13.3 Hardware for Audio Recording 13.4 Microphones 13.5 Audio Recorders 13.6 Audio Cables and Connectors 13.7 Headphones S 13.8 Recording Audio in the Field 13.9 Portable Audio Mixers 13.10 Sound Cards 13.11 Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs) 13.12 Let Us Sum Up 13.13 Model Unit 14: Free and Open Source Software in CR 31 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Learning Outcomes 14.3 What is Free and Open Source Software? 14.4 Open Source Software for CR 14.5 Let Us Sum Up 14.6 Model Answers to Activities 14.7 Additional Readings Unit 15: Telephony for Radio 50 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Learning Outcomes 15.3 Conventional Landline Systems 15.4 GSM/CDMA Solutions 15.5 Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) 15.6 Use of SMS 15.7 Let Us Sum Up ONTENT 15.8 Model Answers to Activities 15.9 Additional Readings C Commonwealth Educational Media 5 Centre for Asia Module: 4 Audio Production 6 Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia Module: 4 Audio Production About the Module Module Description In previous modules, you were introduced to the concept of community radio (CR) and its related frameworks. You further received a foundation in the basics of audio (analogueue and digital), electricity, and principles of acoustics. This module introduces you to the concept of audio recording, that is, the principles and practice of capturing sounds,converting them to a storable form,and storing them in a recording medium for later recovery. You will also understand the various types of hardware that are used to record audio in the field and in the studio, and the concept of using free and open source software (FOSS). You will also learn about telephony related applications for radio, including the use of hardware and software to create interactive programmes with call-in segments; as well as the use of mobile telephones and systems to connect your listenership with the CR stations. Module Objectives • To introduce the concept of recording and storing audio • To introduce the hardware related to audio recording • To explain the concept of free and open source software solutions for audio production • To examine the available options for telephony interfaces for radio Units in the Module • Unit 13: Audio Hardware and Field Recording • Unit 14: Free and Open Source Software • Unit 15: Telephony for Radio Commonwealth Educational Media 7 Centre for Asia Module: 4 Audio Production UNIT 13 Audio Hardware and Field Recording Structure 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Learning Outcomes 13.3 Hardware for Audio Recording 13.4 Microphones 13.4.1 Key Considerations while Selecting Microphones 13.4.2 Microphones Categorized by Directionality 13.4.3 Microphones Categorized by Construction 13.5 Audio Recorders 13.6 Audio Cables and Connectors 13.6.1 Balanced and Unbalanced Cables 13.6.2 Audio Connectors 13.7 Headphones 13.8 Recording Audio