Multifurca Lactarius/ Plinthogalus Lactarius/ Lactarius Lactifluus
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Ectomycorrhizal Synthesis of Lactarius Sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr
European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience ISSN: 2321-9122; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.44 Received: 13-09-2019; Accepted: 14-10-2019 www.biosciencejournals.com Volume 7; Issue 6; November 2019; Page No. 89-92 Ectomycorrhizal synthesis of Lactarius sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr. with Abies pindrow Royle Ex D. Don Shiv Kumar1, Anand Sagar2, Amit Kumar Sehgal3* 1 Additional Superintendent of Police, District Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India 2 Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 3 Department of Botany, Govt. College Dhaliara District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India Abstract This study was aimed to perform in vitro mycorrhizal synthesis between Abies pindrow and Lactarius sanguifluus was achieved. A. pindrow seedlings inoculated with mycelial culture of L. sanguifluus resulted in the formation of short, branched lateral roots which ultimately form ectotrophic mycorrhizae. Synthesized mycorrhizae were light brown to pale yellow in colour. The transverse sections of the synthesized roots showed a typical ectomycorrhizal anatomy. The anatomical structure of mycorrhiza revealed the presence of thick fungal mantle and well developed “Hartig net”. Pure culture of L. sanguifluus was reisolated from both vermiculite peat moss mixture and synthesized ectomycorrhizae. These were compared with the original culture isolated from the fruiting bodies of L. sanguifluus and were found to have same cultural characteristics, thus confirming the symbiotic association. Keywords: Lactarius sanguifluus, ectomycorrhiza, in vitro Introduction systems of mycorrhizal synthesis have been developed and Lactarius sanguifluus is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom examined the ability of fungi to form ectomycorrhizae belonging in the family russulaceae grow scattered or in (Chilvers et al., 1986; Kottke et al., 1987; Kasuya et al., groups on the ground under conifers forest. -
Elias Fries – En Produktiv Vetenskapsman Redan Som Tonåring Började Fries Att Skriva Uppsatser Om Naturen
Elias Fries – en produktiv vetenskapsman Redan som tonåring började Fries att skriva uppsatser om naturen. År 1811, då han fyllt 17 år, fick han sina första alster publi- cerade. Samma år påbörjade han universitetsstudier i Lund och tre år senare var han klar med sin magisterexamen. Därefter Elias Fries – ein produktiver Wissenschaftler följde inte mindre än 64 aktiva år som mykolog, botanist, filosof, lärare, riksdagsman och akademiledamot. Han var oerhört produktiv och författade inte bara stora och betydande böcker i mykologi och botanik utan också hundratals mindre artiklar och uppsatser. Dessutom ledde han ett omfattande arbete med att avbilda svampar. Dessa målningar utgavs som planscher och Bereits als Teenager begann Fries Aufsätze dem schrieb er Tagebücher und die „Tidningar i Na- Die Zeit in Uppsala – weitere 40 Jahre im das führte zu sehr erfolgreichen Ausgaben seiner und schrieb: „In Gleichheit mit allem dem das sich aus Auch der Sohn Elias Petrus, geboren im Jahre 1834, und Seth Lundell (Sammlungen in Uppsala), Fredrik über die Natur zu schreiben. Im Jahre 1811, turalhistorien“ (Neuigkeiten in der Naturalgeschich- Dienste der Mykologie Werke. Das erste, „Sveriges ätliga och giftiga svam- edlen Naturtrieben entwickelt, erfordert das Entstehen war ein begeisterter Botaniker und Mykologe. Leider Hård av Segerstad (publizierte 1924 eine Überarbei- te) mit Artikeln über beispielsweise seltene Pilze, Auch nach seinem Umzug nach Uppsala im Jahre par“ (Schwedens essbare und giftige Pilze), war ein dieser Liebe zur Natur ernste Bemühungen, aber es verstarb er schon in jungen Jahren. Ein dritter Sohn, tung von Fries’ Aufzeichnungen), Meinhard Moser bidrog till att kunskap om svamp spreds. Efter honom har givetvis det vetenskapliga arbetet utvecklats vidare men än idag an- in seinem 18. -
Names, Names, Names: When Nomenclature Meets Molecules Ron Petersen and Karen Hughes*
22 McIlvainea Volume 18, Number 1, 2009 23 Names, Names, Names: When Nomenclature Meets Molecules Ron Petersen and Karen Hughes* IN EASTERN North America, the Appalachian in point: for years it was assumed that Amanita cae- Mountains have their southern origin in northern sarea (Caesar’s mushroom; Fig. 1A) occurred in the Georgia, and extend to the northeast to Maine, a Smokies. Confronted with our mushroom in 1968, distance of over 3200 kilometers. Although not Marinus Donk and Roger Heim, with deep expe- as spectacular as other ranges (i.e. Alps, Himalaya, rience in Old World tropics (Indonesia and New Andes, Rockies, etc.), their height (up to 2250 m) Caledonia), told us that our species was, in fact, A. combined with their longitudinal range provide a hemibapha (Fig. 2A), with which they were familiar. host of ecological niches. Glaciation of the north- Creating further confusion: Vassilieva described A. ern portion of the range 10- to 20,000 years ago caesarioides (Fig. 2B) from far eastern Russia. Finally, produced climatic conditions which forced the we have come to call our version of Caesar’s mush- forest flora to colonize farther south into more room A. jacksonii (Fig. 1B). hospitable climatic refugia, taking its fungi with it But if such confusion is possible over such a and eventually to recolonize northward once the sensational mushroom, what other surprises could glaciers receded. The conifers of the Canadian lurk over other, more arcane worldwide mimics? Shield still can be found at high elevation as far While herbarium specimens can be (and have south as Tennessee (N 37o). -
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Fundliste Der 34. Internationalenmykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau 2009. Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber, Anton Hausknecht, Wolfgang Klofac
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 2011 Band/Volume: 20 Autor(en)/Author(s): Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard, Hausknecht Anton, Klofac Wolfgang Artikel/Article: Fundliste der 34. InternationalenMykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau 2009. 73-102 ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 20 (2011) 73 Fundliste der 34. Internationalen Mykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau 2009 IRMGARD KRISAI-GREILHUBER ANTON HAUSKNECHT Fakultätszentrum für Biodiversität der Universität Wien Rennweg 14 A-1030 Wien, Österreich Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] WOLFGANG KLOFAC Mayerhöfen 28 A-3074 Michelbach, Österreich Email: [email protected] Angenommen am 20. 11. 2011 Key words: Agaricales, Aphyllophorales, Ascomycota, Myxomycetes. – Mycoflora of Lower Austria. Abstract: A list of almost all fungi collected and identified during the 34. Mykologische Dreiländer- tagung in Litschau, Lower Austria, 2009 is presented. Altogether, 754 fungal taxa were collected, viz. 500 Agaricales s. l., 180 Aphyllophorales s. l., 63 Ascomycota and 11 others. Comments on and de- scriptions of some interesting finds and a colour photograph of some rare species are given. Zusammenfassung: Eine Liste fast aller Pilze, die während der 34. Mykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau, Niederösterreich, 2009, gesammelt und bestimmt wurden, wird vorgestellt. Insgesamt wurden 754 Pilztaxa gesammelt, davon 500 Agaricales, Russulales und Boletales, 180 Aphyllophora- les s. l., 63 Ascomycota und 11 Sonstige. Kommentare und Beschreibungen zu einigen interessanten Funden und Farbfotos von einigen seltenen Arten werden gegeben. Die 34. Mykologische Dreiländertagung wurde gemeinsam vom Verein Erlebnis Waldviertel und der Österreichischen Mykologischen Gesellschaft organisiert und fand vom 13. -
One Step Closer to Unravelling the Origin of Russula: Subgenus Glutinosae Subg
Mycosphere 11(1): 285–304 (2020) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/6 One step closer to unravelling the origin of Russula: subgenus Glutinosae subg. nov. Buyck B1*, Wang X-H2, Adamčíková K3, Caboň M4, Jančovičová S5, 6 4 Hofstetter V and Adamčík S 1Institut pour la Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Case Postale 39 Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France 2CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China 3Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen, Akademická 2, SK-949 01 Nitra, Slovakia 4Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia 5Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Révová 39, SK-811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia 6Agroscope Research Station, Department of plant protection, Rte de Duiller 60, 1260 Nyon 1, Switzerland Buyck B, Wang X-H, Adamčíková K, Caboň M, Jančovičová S, Hofstetter V, Adamčík S 2020 – One step closer to unravelling the origin of Russula: subgenus Glutinosae subg. nov. Mycosphere 11(1), 285–304, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/6 Abstract This study reports on the discovery of a new subgenus, Russula subg. Glutinosae, having an Eastern North American – East Asian distribution. A multigene phylogeny places this new subgenus sister with strong support to a well-supported clade composed of subgenera Compactae and Archaeae. -
Angiocarpous Representatives of the Russulaceae in Tropical South East Asia
Persoonia 32, 2014: 13–24 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X679119 Tales of the unexpected: angiocarpous representatives of the Russulaceae in tropical South East Asia A. Verbeken1, D. Stubbe1,2, K. van de Putte1, U. Eberhardt³, J. Nuytinck1,4 Key words Abstract Six new sequestrate Lactarius species are described from tropical forests in South East Asia. Extensive macro- and microscopical descriptions and illustrations of the main anatomical features are provided. Similarities Arcangeliella with other sequestrate Russulales and their phylogenetic relationships are discussed. The placement of the species gasteroid fungi within Lactarius and its subgenera is confirmed by a molecular phylogeny based on ITS, LSU and rpb2 markers. hypogeous fungi A species key of the new taxa, including five other known angiocarpous species from South East Asia reported to Lactarius exude milk, is given. The diversity of angiocarpous fungi in tropical areas is considered underestimated and driving Martellia evolutionary forces towards gasteromycetization are probably more diverse than generally assumed. The discovery morphology of a large diversity of angiocarpous milkcaps on a rather local tropical scale was unexpected, and especially the phylogeny fact that in Sri Lanka more angiocarpous than agaricoid Lactarius species are known now. Zelleromyces Article info Received: 2 February 2013; Accepted: 18 June 2013; Published: 20 January 2014. INTRODUCTION sulales species (Gymnomyces lactifer B.C. Zhang & Y.N. Yu and Martellia ramispina B.C. Zhang & Y.N. Yu) and Tao et al. Sequestrate and angiocarpous basidiomata have developed in (1993) described Martellia nanjingensis B. Liu & K. Tao and several groups of Agaricomycetes. -
Redalyc.LACTIFLUUS AURANTIORUGOSUS
Darwiniana ISSN: 0011-6793 [email protected] Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Argentina Sá, Mariana C. A.; Wartchow, Felipe LACTIFLUUS AURANTIORUGOSUS (RUSSULACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL Darwiniana, vol. 1, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2013, pp. 54-60 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=66928887003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative DARWINIANA, nueva serie 1(1): 54-60. 2013 Versión final, efectivamente publicada el 31 de julio de 2013 ISSN 0011-6793 impresa - ISSN 1850-1699 en línea LACTIFLUUS AURANTIORUGOSUS (RUSSULACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL Mariana C. A. Sá1 & Felipe Wartchow2 1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59072-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; [email protected] (author for correspondence). 2 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, CEP 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Abstract. Sá, M. C. A. & F. Wartchow. 2013. Lactifluus aurantiorugosus (Russulaceae), a new species from sou- thern Brazil. Darwiniana, nueva serie 1(1): 54-60. Lactifluus aurantiorugosus is proposed as a new species from southern Brazil. It is characterized by the small-sized basidiomata, pileus orange, glabrous and wrinkled when fresh, distant lamellae, ellip- soid and verrucose basidiospores with warts up to 0.7 µm, interconnected with incomplete reticules, a trichopalisade as pileipellis-structure, and the context of lamella and pileus with abundant sphaerocysts. -
Sp. Nov. from Northeast China
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2013. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/124.269 Volume 124, pp. 269–278 April–June 2013 Russula changbaiensis sp. nov. from northeast China Guo-Jie Li1,2, Dong Zhao1, Sai-Fei Li1, Huai-Jun Yang3, Hua-An Wen1a*& Xing-Zhong Liu1b* 1State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Shanxi Institute of Medicine and Life Science, No 61 Pingyang Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, China Correspondence to *: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract —Russula changbaiensis (subg. Tenellula sect. Rhodellinae) from the Changbai Mountains, northeast China, is described as a new species. It is characterized by the red tinged pileus, slightly yellowing context, small basidia, short pleurocystidia, septate dermatocystidia with crystal contents, and a coniferous habitat. The phylogenetic trees based on ITS1-5.8S- ITS2 rDNA sequences fully support the establishment of the new species. Key words —Russulales, Russulaceae, taxonomy, morphology, Basidiomycota Introduction The worldwide genus ofRussula Pers. (Russulaceae, Russulales) is characterized by colorful fragile pileus, amyloid warty spores, abundant sphaerocysts in a heteromerous trama, and absence of latex (Romagnesi 1967, 1985; Singer 1986; Sarnari 1998, 2005). As a group of ectomycorrhizal fungi, it includes a large number of edible and medicinal species (Li et al. 2010). The genus has been extensively investigated with a long, rich and intensive taxonomic history in Europe (Miller & Buyck 2002). Although Russula species have been consumed in China as edible and medicinal use for a long time, their taxonomy has been overlooked (Li & Wen 2009, Li 2013). -
The Potential for Mycobiont Sharing Between Shrubs and Seedlings to Facilitate Tree Establishment After Wildfire at Alaska Arctic Treeline
Received: 2 December 2015 | Revised: 15 March 2017 | Accepted: 29 March 2017 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14143 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The potential for mycobiont sharing between shrubs and seedlings to facilitate tree establishment after wildfire at Alaska arctic treeline Rebecca E. Hewitt1 | F. Stuart Chapin III1 | Teresa N. Hollingsworth2 | D. Lee Taylor1,3 1Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA Abstract 2USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Root-associated fungi, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), are critical sym- Research Station, Boreal Ecology bionts of all boreal tree species. Although climatically driven increases in wildfire Cooperative Research Unit, Fairbanks, AK, USA frequency and extent have been hypothesized to increase vegetation transitions 3Department of Biology, University of New from tundra to boreal forest, fire reduces mycorrhizal inoculum. Therefore, changes Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA in mycobiont inoculum may potentially limit tree-seedling establishment beyond cur- Correspondence rent treeline. We investigated whether ectomycorrhizal shrubs that resprout after Rebecca. E. Hewitt, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona fire support similar fungal taxa to those that associate with tree seedlings that University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA. establish naturally after fire. We then assessed whether mycobiont identity corre- Email: [email protected] lates with the biomass or nutrient status of these tree seedlings. The majority of Funding information fungal taxa observed on shrub and seedling root systems were EMF, with some dark Alaska EPSCoR, Grant/Award Number: EPS-0701898; National Science Foundation septate endophytes and ericoid mycorrhizal taxa. Seedlings and adjacent shrubs Graduate Research Fellowship, Grant/Award associated with similar arrays of fungal taxa, and there were strong correlations Number: DGE-0639280, 1242789, ARC-0632332; UAF Global Change Student between the structure of seedling and shrub fungal communities. -
Researches on Russulaceous Mushrooms-An Appraisal Reported to Provide Some Non-Nutritional Benefits to Tree 1932, 1940) and Beardslee (1918)
63 KAVAKA47 : 63 - 82 (2016) Researches on Russulaceous Mushrooms-AnAppraisal N.S.Atri,Samidha Sharma* , Munruchi Kaur Sainiand Kanad Das ** Department of Botany, PunjabiUniversity, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India. *Department of Botany, Arya College, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India. **Botanical Survey of India, Cryptogamic Unit, P.O. BotanicGarden, Howrah 711103, India Corresponding author email: [email protected] (Submitted onAugust 10, 2016 ;Accepted on October 2, 2016) ABSTRACT Russulaceae is one among the large families of the basidiomycetous fungi. Some significant studies during the last decade on their systematics and molecularphylogenyresulted in splittingof well knownmilkcapgenusLactarius s.l.andinclusionof number of gastroid and resupinate members under its circumscription. Presently, there are seven genera (including agaricoid, gasteroid and resupinate members) in this family viz. RussulaPers. , Lactarius Pers. , Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel, Cystangium Singer & A.H. Smith , Multifurca Buyck & Hofst., Boidinia Stalper & HjortstamandPseudoxenasma K.H.Larss.&Hjortstamspreadover 1248+ recognisedspeciestheworldover.Outof atotalofabout 259 + species/taxaofRussulacousmushrooms,146taxaofRussula ,83taxaof Lactarius ,27taxaof Lactifluus ,2speciesof Boidinia and1speciesof Multifurca are documented from India. In this manuscript an appraisal of the work done on various aspects of the members of the family Russulaceae including their taxonomic, molecular,phylogenetic, scanning electron microscopic, ectomycorrhizal, nutritional and nutraceutical aspects has been attempted. Keywords: Russulaceae, taxonomy, phylogeny, SEM, ECM, nutritional, nutraceutical, review INTRODUCTION taxa ofRussula and 83 taxa of Lactarius, 27 taxa of Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel are known. (Atri et al ., 1994; Das and Sharma, The familyRussulaceae Lotsy is one of the 12 families under 2005; Bhattet al ., 2007; Das 2009; Das et al ., 2010, 2013, orderRussulales Krisel ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C. 2015; Das and Verbeken, 2011, 2012; Lathaet al ., 2016; David (Kirket al ., 2008). -
Suomen Helttasienten Ja Tattien Ekologia, Levinneisyys Ja Uhanalaisuus
Suomen ympäristö 769 LUONTO JA LUONNONVARAT Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus .......................... SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Suomen ympäristö 769 Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Viittausohje Viitatessa tämän raportin lukuihin, käytetään lukujen otsikoita ja lukujen kirjoittajien nimiä: Esim. luku 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Julk.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela-Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (toim.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levin- neisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Ss. 109-224. Recommended citation E.g. chapter 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland. Publ.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela- Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (eds.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Pp. 109-224. Julkaisu on saatavana myös Internetistä: www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1996-9 (nid.) ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (PDF) ISSN 1238-7312 Kannen kuvat / Cover pictures Vasen ylä / Top left: Paljakkaa. Utsjoki. Treeless alpine tundra zone. Utsjoki. Kuva / Photo: Esteri Ohenoja Vasen ala / Down left: Jalopuulehtoa. Parainen, Lenholm. Quercus robur forest. Parainen, Lenholm. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Oikea ylä / Top right: Lehtolohisieni (Laccaria amethystina). Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethystina). Kuva / Photo: Pertti Salo Oikea ala / Down right: Vanhaa metsää. Sodankylä, Luosto. Old virgin forest. Sodankylä, Luosto. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Takakansi / Back cover: Ukonsieni (Macrolepiota procera).