Ordering events in a time continuum, and thus linking discrete sound events

Rhythm, is not a natural kind

Chronobiology Haptic Visual Auditory Olfactory Gustatory Perception Chrono-perception (sense of time)? ‘Script’

Rhythms of Social Life

Improvisation

Entrainment (being ‘in phase’ with others) Making Sounds: the Body as Instrument

Making Instruments: Instruments as Prosthetic Devices

The Human Voice

Song/language

Instrumental music/dance

Singing Neanderthals (S. Mithen)

‘Baby talk’

The Operatic Voice

“Casta Diva,” from Norma, by Vincenzo Bellini (1831) (libretto: Francesco Romani) Gaul (modern-day France) Norma, priestess (G. Pasta) Pollione, Roman General Medea (Greek tragedy)

Casta Diva, Norma's aria (cavatina) from Norma

Casta Diva, che inargenti O pure Goddess, who silver queste sacre antiche piante, These sacred ancient plants, a noi volgi il bel sembiante Turn thy beautiful semblance on us senza nube e senza vel... Unclouded and unveiled... Tempra, o Diva, Temper, o Goddess, tempra tu de’ cori ardenti The brave zeal tempra ancora lo zelo audace, Of the ardent spirits, spargi in terra quella pace Scatter on the earth the peace che regnar tu fai nel ciel... Thou make reign in the sky...

Fine al rito : e il sacro bosco Complete the rite : and the sacred wood Sia disgombro dai profani. Be clear of the laity. Quando il Nume irato e fosco, When the irate and gloomy God Chiegga il sangue dei Romani, Asks for the Roman’s blood Dal Druidico delubro My voice will thunder La mia voce tuonerà. From the Druidic temple. Cadrà; punirlo io posso. He will fall; I can punish him (Ma, punirlo, il cor non sa. (But my heart is unable to do so). Ah! bello a me ritorna (Ah! Return to me beautiful Del fido amor primiero; In your first true love ; E contro il mondo intiero... I’ll protect you Difesa a te sarò. Against the entire world. Ah! bello a me ritorna Ah! Return to me beautiful Del raggio tuo sereno; With your serene ray; E vita nel tuo seno, I’ll have life, sky E patria e cielo avrò. And homeland in your heart. Ah, riedi ancora qual eri allora, Ah, return again as you were then, Quando il cor ti diedi allora, When I gave you my heart then, Ah, riedi a me.) Ah, come back to me.)

Belcanto

Soprano: Range (compass or breadth of pitches) Ranges: SATB…

Registers of Vocal Production: Vocal Fry Modal Voice Falsetto Whistle

Pitch: differential property of a sound that allows us to order it along a continuum of frequencies as being ‘high’ or ‘low’

Vocal Chords Larynx Pharynx Lungs, Diaphragm

Vocal Types

Chest/Head Voice/Falsetto Color or Tone quality Expressive and Dramatic qualities (Norma: dramatic soprano)

Countertenor

Castrato

Messa di Voce Portamento Vibrato Trill Coloratura

“Casta Diva” (2) (Maria Callas, Paris [1958])