Leek Moth, an Emerging Invasive Agricultural and Garden Pest in The

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Leek Moth ● An emerging invasive agricultural and garden pest in the northern New York region. ● What is the Leek Moth? Look for this The Leek Moth (Acrolepiopsis assectella) is “windowpane” an invasive species of moth that has proven to damage to onion be a severe pest of plants in the Allium family, leaves such as onions, garlic, leeks, chives, and shallots. How do I identify the Leek Moth? The adult moths are only 1/2 inch in length and have a 1/2 inch wingspan. They are reddish- brown in color with a white mark midway down their folded wings. The larvae have a yellow-green color and are Leek Moth Larva surrounded by frass less than a 1/2 inch in length. Prior to pupating (droppings) and debris on a garlic leaf in a reddish-brown cocoon, they feed on the host plant causing significant damage. Adult leek moths are nocturnal and small in size, so they are seldom spotted. Larvae and their cocoons, on the other hand, are much more obvious. Leek Moth Pupa/Cocoon What types of damage does the Leek cause? In most cases, you are more likely to notice Leek Moth damage to your plants before you actually spot the insect itself. Leek Moth larvae mine into the leaves of the host plant creating characteristic “windowpane” damage. This damage consists of long white streaks running lengthwise Damage to garlic leaf and scape down the leaf of the plant. The larvae are commonly found within the damaged leaves. If you suspect your onions, garlic, leeks or chives may be infested with Leek Moth, please contact your local Cornell Cooperative Extension Office. For current control options visit http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/shelton/leek-moth/ L. Chilson Leek Moth larva damage to leeks Cornell Cooperative Extension is an equal opportunity, affirmative action educator and employer. .

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Sustainable Crop Protection
SUSTAINABLE CROP PROTECTION Results from the Pesticide Risk Reduction Program An Integrated Approach to Management of Leek Moth 10 years of collaborative research, development and knowledge transfer Photo credits: A. Brauner Figure 1: Leek Moth (Acrolepiopsis assectella) at key developmental stages Background Establishing Base Knowledge – The leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella, (Figure 1) is an invasive Leek moth life history in Canada alien species from Europe that causes damage to onions, leeks As a new pest to Canada, initial work focused on determining and garlic. Larvae cause damage when they penetrate the young the life cycle of the pest under Eastern Ontario conditions. leaves and flowers of the crop in order to feed (Figure 2). This Pheromone traps were used to monitor flight patterns and feeding weakens and withers the plant reducing the value of the numbers of adult leek moth during the growing season, while crop, and in some cases renders it unmarketable. First detected field populations of leek moth larvae and pupae were estimated in Eastern Ontario in 1993 and Quebec in 2001, leek moth has through destructive plant sampling. Assessment of garlic scapes rapidly expanded its range and, as of 2013, was detected as far as and bulbs were used to estimate damage to marketable products. Southwestern Ontario, Prince Edward Island and New York State. It was found that the development of leek moth populations in The Pesticide Risk Reduction Program of Agriculture and Canada requires 441.7 day-degrees from egg to adult. In the Agri-Food Canada’s (AAFC) Pest Management Centre has, over Ottawa area, pheromone trap data indicated that there are three the past ten years, supported several projects towards the flight periods: a spring flight of adults that overwintered, an early development of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy summer flight of 1st generation adults and a late summer flight of to address this emerging pest issue.
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Allium Leaf Miner Is Spreading Around the UK at a Steady Rate with Clusters of Infestation Around the Midlands and London
Allium leaf miner is spreading around the UK at a steady rate with clusters of infestation around the Midlands and London. The pest is most likely to cause problems in leeks where it can wipe out an entire crop September to December is the time when most damage is caused in leek crops. It will be necessary to cover leeks from late August to late December to protect them if you are growing in a problem area People who currently took no action against this pest will cover their leeks in the future, now they are aware of what it is More needs to be done to raise awareness so that people are able to identify and prevent this pest Allium leaf miner is a serious pest that affects all allium crops. It first arrived in the Midlands in 2002, and since then, has rapidly spread around the country. Garden Organic last did a survey of allium leaf miner with the Organic Growers’ Alliance in 2011. The survey showed that there were many siting’s around the Midlands but it had spread to other areas of the UK as well. We suspected that it has spread much further now, so have repeated the survey to find out which areas it is now affecting. Appearance You are most likely to notice the larvae of the allium leaf miner as a small creamy maggot burrowing into the plants. You may also notice the pupae which are shiny brown and about the size of a grain of rice. Be careful not to confuse with the leek moth caterpillar which has a brown head and distinct legs.
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Acrolepiopsis Assectella
Acrolepiopsis assectella Scientific Name Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller, 1893) Synonym: Lita vigeliella Duponchel, 1842 Common Name Leek moth, onion leafminer Type of Pest Moth Taxonomic Position Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Acrolepiidae Figures 1 & 2. Adult male (top) and female (bottom) Reason for Inclusion of A. assectella. Scale bar is 1 mm (© Jean-François CAPS Community Suggestion Landry, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 2007). Pest Description Eggs: “Roughly oval in shape with raised reticulated sculpturing; iridescent white” (Carter, 1984). Eggs are 0.5 by 1 0.2 mm (< /16 in) (USDA, 1960). Larvae: “Head yellowish brown, sometimes with reddish brown maculation; body yellowish green; spiracles surrounded by sclerotised rings, on abdominal segments coalescent with SD pinacula, these grayish brown; prothoracic and anal plates yellow with brown maculation; thoracic legs yellowish brown’ crochets of abdominal prologs arranged in uniserial circles, each enclosing a short, longitudinal row of 3–5 crochets” 1 (Carter, 1984). Larvae are about 13 to 14 mm (approx. /2 in) long (McKinlay, 1992). Pupae: “Reddish brown; abdominal spiracles on raised tubercles; cremaster abruptly terminated, dorsal lobe with a Figure 3. A. assectella larvae rugose plate bearing eight hooked setae, two rounded ventral on stem of elephant garlic lobes each bearing four hooked setae” (Carter, 1984). The (eastern Ontario, June 2000) (© 1 cocoon is 7 mm (approx. /4 in) long (USDA, 1960). “The Jean-François Landry, cocoon is white in colour and is composed of a loose net-like Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 2007). structure” (CFIA, 2012). Last updated: August 23, 2016 9 Adults: “15 mm [approx. /16 in wingspan]. Forewing pale brown, variably suffused with blackish brown; terminal quarter sprinkled with white scales; a distinct triangular white spot on the dorsum near the middle.
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Evaluation of Insecticide Chemistries Against the Leek Moth (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), a New Pest in North America Author(S): Daniel L
Evaluation of Insecticide Chemistries Against the Leek Moth (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), a New Pest in North America Author(s): Daniel L. Olmstead and Anthony M. Shelton Source: Florida Entomologist, 95(4):1127-1131. 2012. Published By: Florida Entomological Society URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.095.0443 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Olmstead & Shelton: Chemical Control of the Leek Moth 1127 EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDE CHEMISTRIES AGAINST THE LEEK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: ACROLEPIIDAE), A NEW PEST IN NORTH AMERICA DANIEL L. OLMSTEAD* AND ANTHONY M. SHELTON New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 West North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller), is a newly introduced micro-lepidopteran pest in North America that attacks Allium crops, including onion, leek, and garlic.
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Biological-Control-Programmes-In
Biological Control Programmes in Canada 2001–2012 This page intentionally left blank Biological Control Programmes in Canada 2001–2012 Edited by P.G. Mason1 and D.R. Gillespie2 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada iii CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Ofﬁ ce CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 T: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 T: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org Chapters 1–4, 6–11, 15–17, 19, 21, 23, 25–28, 30–32, 34–36, 39–42, 44, 46–48, 52–56, 60–61, 64–71 © Crown Copyright 2013. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery. Remaining chapters © CAB International 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electroni- cally, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biological control programmes in Canada, 2001-2012 / [edited by] P.G. Mason and D.R. Gillespie. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-78064-257-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests--Biological control--Canada. 2. Weeds--Biological con- trol--Canada. 3. Phytopathogenic microorganisms--Biological control- -Canada.
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IPM for Leek Moth—Successful Partnerships Achieving the Research
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Taxonomic Review of the Leek Moth Genus Acrolepiopsis (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) in North America
319 Taxonomic review of the leek moth genus Acrolepiopsis (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) in North America Jean-François Landry Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract—The North American species of Acrolepiopsis are reviewed and include six de- scribed species: A. assectella (Zeller), A. californica Gaedike, A. heppneri Gaedike, A. incertella (Chambers), A. leucoscia (Meyrick), and A. reticulosa (Braun). Acrolepiopsis liliivora Gaedike is considered a junior synonym of A. californica (new synonymy). Acrolepiopsis assectella, com- monly known as the leek moth, is a recently invasive alien species in North America and a pest of the plant genus Allium, including leek, onion, garlic, and related cultivated plants. A key to species based on adults is provided, diagnostic characters including male and female genitalia are illustrated, and geographical distribution, host plants, and larval feeding pattern and damage (where known) are given. Diagnostics and illustrations are presented also for A. sapporensis (Matsumura); known as the Asiatic onion leafminer, it is very similar to A. assectella and is an invasive alien species present in Hawaii, though not in North America. Adult diagnostic charac- ters of the genus Acrolepiopsis, the family Acrolepiidae, and the superfamily Yponomeutoidea are also provided and illustrated. DNA barcoding data (short sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene) obtained for five of the six species revealed interspecific differ- ences averaging 8.1%, whereas intraspecific variation was ≤ 0.16%, and provided unequivocal species separation matching morphology-based identifications. Résumé—L’auteur passe en revue les espèces d’Acrolepiopsis d’Amérique du Nord.
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2002 Pheromone-Trap Detection Survey for Leek Moth, Acrolepiopsis Assectella (Zeller, 1893) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), an Exotic Pest of Allium Spp
2002 Entomology Project Report - WSDA PUB 082 (N/04/03) Plant Protection Division, Pest Program Washington State Department of Agriculture April 1, 2003 2002 Pheromone-trap Detection Survey for Leek Moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller, 1893) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), an Exotic Pest of Allium spp. Eric H. LaGasa1, John Agnesani2, Sahabra Tipton2, and Denise Bowden2 Background Figure 1. Leek Moth Survey in U.S., 2003 (USDA) Native to Asia, the Leek Moth (LM) was first found in North America in 1993, in Ottawa, Canada, where the pest is now established (CFIA, 2001). To date, the pest has not been detected in the United States (Figure 1 - APHIS NAPIS, 2003). In Europe, the pest causes heavy damage to leeks, onions, garlic, and related crops by mining and feeding within the foliage and bulbs (see Figure 2), and infested bulbs are subject to extensive rotting in storage. Larval damage to stalks can also reduce seed production (USDA-ARS, 1960). Pest status is characterized as a “minor pest of onions” in some references (Hill, 1983 and 1987), a “serious pest in continental Europe” (Carter, 1984), and a potential pest of native (North American) and ornamental plants in the genus Allium (APHIS NPAG, 2000). 2002 Project Objective Figure 2. Leek Moth Life Stages and Damage Conduct pheromone-trap detection survey throughout populous western Washington. • Place and monitor pheromone-traps in areas of commercial and home garden Allium culture. • Screen and identify captured specimens, including non-target material when possible. Project Methods and Materials Three hundred and ninety-six pheromone-lure baited traps were placed in counties along the Interstate-5 corridor in western Washington, from the Canadian border south to Clark County on the Columbia River / Oregon border.
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8 Acrolepiopsis Assectella (Zeller), Leek Moth (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae)
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