Sensory Systems

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78 79 ACROSS 61 A ______, also known as chemoreceptor, is a cell inner ear, including both the cochlea which is part of or group of cells that transduce a chemical signal the auditory system, and the vestibular system which 4 The ______system is the sensory system that into an action potential. provides the sense of balance. uses taste buds on the upper surface of the tongue 62 The ______are the three smallest bones in the 27 ______refers to the sense of smell. to provide information about the taste of food being human body, contained within the middle ear and 29 The ______along with the saccule is one of the eaten. serving to transmit sounds to the fluid-filled cochlea. two otolith organs located in the vertebrate inner ear. 8 The ______ear is the portion of the ear internal to 64 Also known as iodopsins, ______s are the 31 A ______is a sensory receptor that responds to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the photoreceptor proteins found in the cone cells of the temperature, primarily within the innocuous range. cochlea. retina that are the basis of color vision. 32 The ______is the vascular layer of the eye lying 10 ______cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina 66 ______s are organs of vision that detect light. between the retina and the sclera. of the eye that can function in less intense light than 70 The ciliary ______is the circumferential tissue 34 The ______is the transparent front part of the eye cone cells can. inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber, 11 A light-sensitive derivative of vitamin A, ______is ciliary processes. providing most of an eye's optical power. the fundamental chromophore involved in the 71 The ______ear is the bony labyrinth, a system of 35 The ______is the smaller of the two vestibular transduction of light into visual signals. passages comprising two main functional parts: the sacs. 12 The optic ______is the location where ganglion cochlea and the vestibular apparatus. 38 A ______is a special structure connected to the cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. 73 The retinal pigment ______is the pigmented cell hair cells of the inner ear's cochlea which acts to aid 13 ______(or audition) refers to the ability to detect layer just outside the neurosensory retina that in depolarization and hyperpolarization of the plasma sound. nourishes retinal visual cells. membrane due to bending of sterocillia. 17 The ______is the opaque, usually white, fibrous, 75 The ______membrane within the cochlea of the 39 An ______is a sensory receptor primarily found in protective layer of the eye containing collagen and inner ear is a stiff structural element that separates the hypothalamus of most homeothermic organisms elastic fibers. the two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of that detects changes in osmotic pressure. 22 The ______is the stirrup-shaped small bone or the cochlea. 40 The ______canals are three half-circular, ossicle in the middle ear which attaches the incus to 76 A ______is a sensory receptor that responds to interconnected tubes located inside each ear that are the fenestra ovalis. mechanical pressure or distortion. the equivalent of three gyroscopes located in three 23 The ______ending or corpuscle is a class of 77 The ______system, or balance system, is the orthogonal planes. slowly adapting mechanoreceptor thought to exist sensory system that provides the dominant input 43 The visual ______is the biological conversion of a only in the glabrous dermis and subcutaneous tissue about our movement and orientation in space. photon into an action potential in the retina. of humans 78 ______s detect the pressure of blood flowing 44 The ______is a thin layer of neural cells that lines 24 The ______tendon organ is a proprioceptive through them, and can send messages to the central the back of the eyeball. sensory receptor organ that is located at the nervous system to increase or decrease total 45 ______is the sense of the relative position of insertion of skeletal muscle fibres into the tendons of peripheral resistance and cardiac output. neighbouring parts of the body. skeletal muscle. 79 The ______epithelium is a specialized epithelial 46 The ______labyrinth is lodged within the bony 26 ______s are a group of light-sensitive membrane- tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in labyrinth, having the same general form, partly bound G protein-coupled receptors of the smell. separated from the bony walls by a quantity of retinylidene protein family found in photoreceptor perilymph. cells of the retina. DOWN 48 The ______theory of smell states that the 28 A ______is a detectable change in the internal or sensation of smell is due to a 'lock and key' external environment. 1 ______cells are the sensory receptors of both the mechanism by which a scent molecule fits into 30 The ______, also called the vascular tunic, is the auditory system and the vestibular system in all olfactory receptors in the nasal lamina of the nose. pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that vertebrates. 49 A ______nerve ending is an unspecialized, make up an eye. 2 ______is structural change between isomers is afferent nerve ending, which are are unencapsulated 33 ______cells are the laterally interconnecting caused by photoexcitation. and have no complex sensory structures. neurons in the outer plexiform layer of the retina. 3 Also called the vestibular window, the ______51 The ______is the central part of the osseous 34 ______s are unmyelinated nerve fibers associated window is a membrane-covered opening which leads labyrinth, situated medial to the tympanic cavity, with chronic or dull pain. from the middle ear to the vestibule of the inner ear. behind the cochlea, and in front of the semicircular 36 ______is an extracellular fluid located within the 5 The ______ganglion is the group of nerve cells canals. scala tympani and scala vestibuli of the cochlea. that serve the sense of hearing by sending a 54 ______cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina 37 The organ of ______, or spiral organ, is the organ representation of sound from the cochlea to the of the eye which function best in relatively bright in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory brain. light. sensory cells, or hair cells. 6 ______nerve endings are mechanoreceptors 56 The zonule of ______is a ring of fibrous strands 39 ______s are small particles, composed of a found in the skin in which each ending consists of a connecting the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of combination of a gelatinous matrix and calcium cell in close apposition with an enlarged nerve the eye. carbonate in the viscous fluid of the saccule and terminal. 58 ______cells are large oval cells found in the skin utricle. 7 ______is the fluid contained in the membranous of vertebrates associated with the sense of touch. 41 The ______muscle is a smooth muscle labyrinth of the inner ear. 59 A ______is a sensory receptor that sends signals responsible for accommodation of the eye. 9 The ______tube is a tube that links the pharynx that cause the perception of pain in response to 42 The sclera and cornea form the fibrous ______of to the middle ear. potentially damaging stimulus. the bulb of the eye. 14 The ______is the anvil-shaped small bone or 63 The bony ______ocated in the inner ear consists 47 An olfactory receptor ______is the primary ossicle in the middle ear. of the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the transduction cell in the olfactory system. 15 The ______papillae are mushroom shaped cochlea. 50 The ______consists of pigmented fibrovascular papillae on the tongue. 65 A sensory ______is a structure that recognizes a tissue known as a stroma, which connects a 16 The ______is a part of the eye, located in the stimulus in the internal or external environment, and sphincter muscle to contract the pupil, and a set of center of the macula region of the retina, which is in response, initiates sensory transduction by dilatory muscles to open it. responsible for sharp central vision creating graded potentials or action potentials in the 52 The ______field of a sensory neuron is a region 18 ______, or visual purple, is a pigment consisting same cell or in an adjacent one. of space in which the presence of a stimulus will alter of an opsin protein and retinal cofactor that is 67 ______'s corpuscles (or tactile corpuscles) are a the firing of that neuron. responsible for both the formation of the type of mechanoreceptor responsible for sensitivity 53 ______or gustation is a form of direct photoreceptor cells and the perception of light. to light touch. chemoreception producing the ability to detect the 19 ______cells are interneurons in the retina which 68 As a part of the retina, ______cells exists flavor of substances such as food and poisons. deliver 70% of the ganglion cells input, and also between photoreceptors and ganglion cells. 55 The ______papillae is a localized area at the side regulate the output of the cone bipolar cells which 69 The ______is a hammer-shaped small bone or of the base of the tongue in which taste buds are deliver the other 30%. ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the especially abundant. 20 The tympanic membrane, colloquially known as the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the 57 ______is the process by which the eye increases ______, is a thin membrane that separates the eardrum. optical power to maintain a clear image of an object external ear from the middle ear. 72 The ______is the auditory portion of the inner as it draws near the eye. 21 ______corpuscles are nerve endings in the skin, ear. 60 The ______window is one of two openings along responsible for sensitivity to deep pressure touch 74 The ______is an oval yellow spot near the center with the oval window that connect the inner ear to and high frequency vibration. of the retina of the human eye. the middle ear. 25 The ______is a system of fluid passages in the