U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Delmarva Peninsula Fox (Sciurus niger cinereus)

be identified by its wide head and short ears.

Although the Delmarva is a tree squirrel, it spends considerable time on the ground foraging for food in woodlots, and will take food from farm fields as well. Less agile than the gray squirrel, the Delmarva fox squirrel ambles along the forest floor more than leaping from branch to branch. They are also quieter than the common gray squirrel.

The Delmarva fox squirrel occurs in mature forests of mixed hardwoods and with a closed canopy and open understory. The large trees provide abundant crops of acorns and seeds for food, and cavities for den sites. Like other subspecies of fox , the Delmarva fox squirrel eats a variety of foods such as acorns, walnuts, maple flowers, and cones, as well as fungi and crops Delmarva Fox Squirrel caught on motion camera from nearby fields. The home ranges of Delmarva fox squirrels vary considerably, but average about 40 acres. Individuals The Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel is in its decline. have been known to live at least seven a subspecies of the Eastern fox squirrel years in the wild. In the spring, females found only on the Delmarva Peninsula, After the squirrel was listed, recovery have litters that range from 1-6 young the land between the Chesapeake efforts focused on expanding the range (average is 4) in tree cavities or Bay and Atlantic Ocean that includes through translocations, and today there sometimes in nests of leaves. Delaware, eastern Maryland and eastern are 11 new translocated populations Virginia. This large tree squirrel inhabits that continue to thrive. In addition, new Recovery Success the mature forests of this agricultural populations have been discovered that A major focus of the recovery effort landscape. were not part of the translocations. has been to increase the population The newly discovered populations size and distribution of this species by By 1967, the Delmarva fox squirrel, as and translocations have resulted in an re-establishing populations within the it is more commonly called, inhabited expanded distribution that now covers 28 historic range. Following a study of the only 10 percent of the Delmarva percent of the Delmarva Peninsula. historic distribution, 16 reintroductions Peninsula and was placed on the very were made in Maryland, Delaware, first list. Its Description, Habitat and Life History Virginia and Pennsylvania. Eleven of distribution at that time was restricted The Delmarva fox squirrel can grow to these reintroductions have succeeded to three counties with a small historic 30 inches (with half of that being the 15-20 years after their establishment translocated population in a fourth tail) and can weigh 1 to 3 pounds. The with evidence of growth and county. squirrel’s coat is typically a uniform expansion - a high success rate for an silver-gray color but can vary to almost endangered species. The squirrel’s decline in the mid-1900s black. The only other tree squirrel on was fueled by many factors. Forests the Delmarva Peninsula is the common An expanded range has also resulted were cleared for farms and development, gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). The from discoveries of Delmarva fox and timber was harvested on short widespread gray squirrel is smaller (16 to squirrels in new areas where they rotations to supply pulp for paper 20 inches), has a narrower tail, brownish were previously unknown. Thus their markets, which kept much of the forest gray fur and is often seen in backyard distribution has increased due to natural in stands too young to provide habitat for bird feeders and suburban settings. The expansion and reintroductions. Currently this squirrel. Over-hunting of Delmarva Delmarva fox squirrel is not typically the Delmarva fox squirrel occurs in fox squirrels may have also played a role found in suburban settings and can also eight counties on Maryland’s Eastern The Future for Delmarva Fox Squirrels Shore, Sussex County in Delaware The Delmarva fox squirrel is now found and Accomack County in Virginia in 10 counties across 28 percent of the (Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge). Delmarva Peninsula, and the total population is estimated to be about Many studies of the squirrel revealed 20,000 . A recent analysis of that this species has high site fidelity its status and potential threats found and persistence on the landscape. The that the overall abundance and range- presence of Delmarva fox squirrels in a wide distribution of the species makes woodlot is not erratic as they tend to be it resilient to losses that might occur present for long periods of time. They from development, sea level rise or also can tolerate small timber harvests other threat. In addition, there are fairly well if there is adjacent mature many existing state laws and programs forest nearby and can use forests with a that protect habitat for the squirrel. wide variety of tree species, as long as the The review concluded that the squirrel forest is mature. is no longer at risk of extinction and recommended removing it from the list of Monitoring changes in the population of endangered and threatened species. The this quiet, reclusive is challenging U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service completed so several techniques are used. Trapping this proposal process, including and marking live animals has been addressing comments from the public, conducted for many years at several and announced that the squirrel would be sites on national wildlife refuges which officially removed from the endangered provides information on the population species list November 16, 2015. dynamics of these animals. Cameras placed in the woods detect the presence Where Might You See a Delmarva Fox of Delmarva fox squirrels faster and Squirrel? easier than trapping with less stress to To see a Delmarva fox squirrel and learn Delmarva fox squirrels have expanded from the animal. Thus cameras are generally more about this unique resident of the translocation sites (stars) and Recovery Plan used to determine presence or absence Delmarva Peninsula, visit any of the Range 1993 (solid) to current distribution in a particular woodlot. Determining following national wildlife refuges in the (striped) the presence or absence of Delmarva fox area: Blackwater (Dorchester County, squirrels in woodlots over time allows an Maryland); Chincoteague (Accomack U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service understanding of their persistence on the County, Virginia); and Prime Hook http://www.fws.gov/chesapeakebay landscape. (Sussex County, Delaware). Also be on the lookout in the woods and field edges November 2015 Finally, the total range of this animal is throughout its range. understood from mapping the sightings of Delmarva fox squirrels made by many For more information, contact: observers across the landscape. This Dr. Cherry Keller animal is often seen by deer hunters in Endangered Species Program tree stands, farmers working their fields Chesapeake Bay Field Office and other observers who live and work on 177 Admiral Cochrane Drive the landscape. The reports of sightings, Annapolis, MD 21401 in addition to the trapping and camera 410/573-4532 data, provide the most information on [email protected] where they occur on the landscape.

Gray squirrel (left) photo by Charisa Morris USFWS, and Delmarva fox squirrel (right) Photo by Richard Webster USFWS