DOCSLIB.ORG

Developing a Value Proposition: The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Developing a Value Proposition: The INCLUSIVE ECONOMY INSTITUTE DEVELOPING A VALUE PROPOSITION: THE BRISTOL POUND INCLUSIVE ECONOMY INSTITUTE Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 4 MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF B2B PARTNERS ............................................................................ 8 SAMPLE ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 CURRENT £B MEMBERS ............................................................................................................................ 10 £B MEMBERSHIP: INTERPRETING THE DATA .............................................................................................. 11 MEMBERSHIP OF OTHER NETWORKS ........................................................................................................ 15 VALUING SERVICES AND FEATURES OF NETWORKS ................................................................................... 18 INTERPRETING THE DATA ......................................................................................................................... 18 PAYING FOR SERVICES .............................................................................................................................. 26 SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................... 27 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 31 INCLUSIVE ECONOMY INSTITUTE Executive Summary This report presents the findings of a research project with the purpose of evaluating what services and features the Bristol Pound1 (£B) might offer its business members in order to encourage and expand its business membership and the active engagement of this membership with the £B. The research was funded by the ESRC and took place between January and June 2019. It was comprised of 26 semi-structured interviews with £B business members and non-members. It represents a collaboration between the Inclusive Economy Institute at the University of Bristol and the £B. It was conducted by Dr Thomas Sealy and overseen by Professor Martin Parker. Local currencies have seen a renewed interest in the last few decades and the Bristol Pound is one of several that have been founded in the UK. These currencies aim to exert change along three lines, making economic, social and environmental impacts in order to create a reorientation towards increased local and sustainable patterns of trade and currency circulation. Yet these currencies face considerable difficulty in breaking the ‘lifecycle phenomenon’ and becoming financially self- sustaining beyond the first five to eight years, resulting in many of them folding. Moreover, and linked to this, they also face significant challenges in penetrating the mainstream to a degree that would enable them to begin to meet their goals. The £B is at a critical juncture in its lifecycle and bid to reach self-sustainability as a viable business in its own right. Its business membership has been identified as key to attaining both its general aims as well as its aim of being financially self- sustaining. By creating a package of services that it can offer to its business members, £B hopes to become financially sustainable, which will in turn allow it to meet its wider economic, social and environmental aims. Full findings and recommendations are presented in the following pages, but the headline findings are: • The £B needs a targeted strategy for expanding beyond its current membership. This should also involve concentration on sector by sector development and include key consumer targets and influential anchor institutions. • Technology needs to be prioritised for investment and development. Without this, expansion will be limited and curtailed. • The £B needs to focus on adding business value to its business members. This means being able to bring economic benefit to its business members as well as being able to demonstrate this benefit. • The £B should develop more collaborative and personal relationships with its members, developing forms of communication and support. • The £B needs to know its members, their businesses and their needs better in order to facilitate more meaningful communication both between the £B and its members as well as between businesses themselves. • The £B needs to have a greater presence in local, community events and projects. • Businesses are willing to pay to be a member of a network organisation such as the £B but will only do so and continue to do so if they see added value to their business as a result. 1 https://bristolpound.org 3 INCLUSIVE ECONOMY INSTITUTE Introduction Aims and focus The principal aim of this project is to contribute towards a value proposition that £B might offer its business members as part of it becoming a financially self-sustaining organisation. The findings presented and recommendations made aim to feed into the development of existing services and features that £B offers its members, current thinking and developments of additional services and features £B might offer, as well as suggesting other propositions £B might offer its members. The aim is to provide research-based evidence for these developments. The focus is thus on what kinds of services and features independent businesses in Bristol value and would find attractive as part of a membership package that the £B might provide. Literature overview Local, community or complementary currencies have a long and varied history but have seen renewed attention more recently and developed across the world, including in the UK, since the 1980s in varying forms (Blanc, 2010; Michel & Hudon, 2015; Seyfang & Longhurst, 2013a; North, 2010; North, 2007). Convertible Local Currencies (CLCs), such as the £B, which is the focus of this report, are limited to use within a particular geographical area, and the BerkShare, founded in the USA in 2006 was the first of this kind. Probably the most successful local currency has been the Chiemgauer regiogeld scheme in Bavaria, Germany, although this operates on a wider regional basis, which is considered important to this success (see Gelleri, 2009; North, 2010 chapt 9; North, 2014; Thiel, 2012). In the UK local currencies have appeared in Totnes, being the pathbreaker, (Longhurst, 2012; North, 2010), Lewes (see Graugaard, 2012, North, 2010), the Lake District, Brixton (North, 2010), and Stroud (see Scott Cato & Suárez, 2012; North, 2010), although with very limited evidenced success in terms of impacts. According to Zelizer (1994), all money expresses social values, not least because far from being a neutral ‘thing’, money is indicative of, and reinforces a particular pattern of relationships (North, 2010). Complementary currencies are specifically and deliberately formed in order to offer an alternative to national and global currency circulation and the dominance of national corporate and financial sectors. They are grassroots or bottom up innovations whose function broadly speaking is to change economic, social and environmental pathways and impacts. As such, they have been characterised as a form of technology as ‘purposed systems’ (Longhurst, 2012) given their orientation towards fulfilling specified purposes. They are aimed at developing local value and facilitating trade among local businesses by preventing wealth from leaking away from local economies. They are also aimed at developing trust and relationships locally and helping to enable participation of more socially and economically marginalised groups. Furthermore, by keeping currency and trade circulating locally, by encouraging a ‘local multiplier effect’, they aim to encourage a more sustainable form of business and development, reducing carbon footprints and encouraging greater local consumption. A further aspect of local currencies is developing local resilience, through encouraging interdependency between a vibrant population of SMEs (Graugaard, 2012). A common observation of local currencies is a lifecycle phenomenon. Local currencies exhibit similar trajectories, with an initial period of growth and enthusiasm, which lasts around five years, followed by a plateau and then decline, resulting in limited impact (Blanc, 2010: 307). An important part of this cycle is the importance of ideological and value alignment in a currency’s initial stages, supported by a ‘novelty effect’ (Collom, 2005), which helps drive early membership take up. A significant aspect of the later drop off is that despite social values being a motivating factor, when there is no perceived economic benefit, membership is not maintained and users can become disillusioned (Evans, 2009; Blanc, 2010). A further aspect of this is that however much part of the “local ambience” they may become for some circles (Jacob et al., 2004), local currencies struggle to gain legitimacy beyond 4 INCLUSIVE ECONOMY INSTITUTE narrower alternative trade circles or activists (Blanc, 2010). That is, they remain restricted to what have been conceptualised as niches and niche actors (Longhurst, 2012; Seyfang & Longhurst, 2013b) and struggle to gain usage and legitimacy amongst the wider
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LOW-CARBON CURRENCIES: the POTENTIAL of TIME BANKING and LOCAL MONEY SYSTEMS for COMMUNITY CARBON-REDUCTION by Gill Seyfang C
    LOW-CARBON CURRENCIES: THE POTENTIAL OF TIME BANKING AND LOCAL MONEY SYSTEMS FOR COMMUNITY CARBON-REDUCTION by Gill Seyfang CSERGE Working Paper EDM 09-04 1 LOW-CARBON CURRENCIES: THE POTENTIAL OF TIME BANKING AND LOCAL MONEY SYSTEMS FOR COMMUNITY CARBON-REDUCTION Gill Seyfang CSERGE, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [email protected] ISSN 0967-8875 2 ABSTRACT The challenge of achieving low-carbon communities cannot be underestimated. While government policies set ambitious targets for carbon-reduction over the next 40 years, there remains an urgent need for tools and initiatives to deliver these reductions through behaviour-change among individuals, households and communities. This chapter sets out a ‘New Economics’ agenda for sustainable consumption which addresses the need for low- carbon communities. It then applies these criteria in a critical examination of complementary currencies in the UK (time banking and local money). These are alternative mechanisms for exchanging goods and services within a community, which do not use money, and which aim instead to build local economic resilience and social capital. The potential of these initiatives as carbon-reduction tools has not previously been considered. Time banking appears to offer the greatest potential for carbon-reduction through offering a supportive social network which meets some of the participants’ social and psychological needs for recognition, esteem and belongingness – needs which might otherwise be met through material consumption. In contrast, local money systems aim to strengthen and build resilience in local economies, and their principal impact on consumption is through localisation and import-substitution – which brings carbon-reductions from avoiding transport costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Scotpound: Digital Money for the Common Good
    ScotPound: digital money for the common good A new socially inclusive payment system for Scotland New Economics Foundation (NEF) is an independent think-and-do tank that inspires and demonstrates real economic well-being. We aim to improve quality of life by promoting innovative solutions that challenge mainstream thinking on economic, environmental and social issues. We work in partnership and put people and the planet first. Common Weal is an independent Scottish think and do tank that campaigns for greater social and economic equality. Contents Executive summary 4 1. Introduction – why money matters 6 2. Why we need to change money 15 3. Why bother? The benefits of ScotPound 20 4. ScotPound – how it would work 24 5. Learning from other currency systems 42 6. Understanding the challenges 48 7. Conclusion 53 NEF and monetary innovation 55 Endnotes 57 4 DiversityScotPound: and digital Integration money for the common good Executive summary Digital innovation has opened up exciting possibilities for new kinds of money and exchange. As a clearly defined economic and physical area of 5.3 million people, with a strong national identity, and a devolved parliament, Scotland is perfectly placed to create a new digital currency and payment system. Such a scheme could stimulate local economies, create a level playing field for small businesses, and support social justice for all its citizens. The question of currency loomed large in the Scottish independence referendum campaign. The fear of losing sterling was one of the decisive factors in the eventual result. But the debate lacked an informed analysis of what independence would mean for the pound, or what a new Scottish currency could look like.
    [Show full text]
  • Bristol Pound Directory
    BRISTOL POUND DIRECTORY YOUR GUIDE TO INDEPENDENT BRISTOL Our city. Download the Bristol Pound app from your app store BRISTOL POUND DIRECTORY Our money. Bristol Pound 0117 929 8642 bristolpound.org @BristolPound Room 111, The First Floor, Corn Exchange, Corn Street, Bristol, BS1 1JQ Your guide to exploring Bristol’s local currency BRISTOLBRISTOL ENERGY ENERGY IS IS PP sisiTTivivEE ENE ENErrGGyy We’reWe’re Bristol’s Bristol’s energy energy company, company, BRBRISTOISTOL L supportingsupporting local local communities communities and and POPOUNUND D proudproud to toaccept accept Bristol Bristol Pounds. Pounds. OUR CITOURY. OUR CIT MONEYY. OUR .MONEY. GetGet up up to to20 20 Bristol Bristol Pounds Pounds when when youyou switch switch to toBristol Bristol Energy Energy and and quotequote “BPOUND001”*. “BPOUND001”*. ThatThat really really is positiveis positive energy! energy! FindFind out out how how much much you you could could save. save. SearchSearch Bristol Bristol Energy Energy now now or or callcall us freeus free on on0808 0808 281 281 2222 2222. 10166 10166 BD *£10BD for*£10 gas, for £10 gas, for £10 electricity. for electricity. See website See website for Ts for& Cs. Ts & Cs. Welcome Welcome to the Bristol Pound Directory Bristol is a city that is independent Bristol Pound not only helps you to through and through. Our city choose the best of local business, but grows so many forward thinking spending them also passes on your social movements, and is often values so that the people who you at the forefront of cultural and shop with, in turn, choose to support technological innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bristol Pound's Critique of the Economy and How It Aims to Challenge the Different Regimes That Operate in the Economy
    1_ Local Currencies: a tool for sustainability? A Transitions Perspective on the impacts of local currencies for sustainability – The case of the Bristol Pound Thiago Henrique Toste Master Thesis Series in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science, No 2018:006 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Lund University International Master’s Programme in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science (30hp/credits) LUCSUS Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies Local Currencies: a tool for sustainability? A Transitions Perspective on the impacts of local currencies for sustainability – The case of the Bristol Pound Thiago Toste A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Lund University International Master’s Programme in Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science Submitted May 15, 2018 Supervisor: Turaj Faran, LUCSUS, Lund University Abstract: This research investigates the contribution of local currencies to sustainability. I look at a specific local currency scheme (the Bristol Pound, in Bristol, United Kingdom) through a transitions perspective, employing a Transitions Evaluation Framework, Multi-Level and Multi-Phase Perspectives to conduct my analysis. I use a qualitative triangulation approach to collect data, namely semi-structured interviews in combination with participant observation and document review, and analyze this data through inductive and deductive coding. My findings reveal that the Bristol Pound’s contribution to sustainability is diffusive, that is, concerns the experiment's capacity to influence mainstream regimes. As of now, the Bristol Pound does not provide intrinsic contributions to sustainability. The currency contributes to increasing people's sense of socio-ecological stewardship and democratic governance, but does not increase resource maintenance and efficiency, intra- and intergenerational equity and livelihood sufficiency and opportunity, despite its intention.
    [Show full text]
  • Complementary Currencies: an Analysis of the Creation Process Based on Sustainable Local Development Principles
    sustainability Article Complementary Currencies: An Analysis of the Creation Process Based on Sustainable Local Development Principles Francisco Javier García-Corral 1,* , Jaime de Pablo-Valenciano 2 , Juan Milán-García 2 and José Antonio Cordero-García 3 1 Research Group: Almeria Group of Applied Economy (SEJ-147), University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain 2 Department of Business and Economics, Applied Economic Area, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; [email protected] (J.d.P.-V.); [email protected] (J.M.-G.) 3 Department of Law, Financial and Tax Law, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 July 2020; Accepted: 13 July 2020; Published: 15 July 2020 Abstract: Complementary currencies are a reality and are being applied both globally and locally. The aim of this article is to explain the viability of this type of currency and its application in local development, in this case, in a rural mountain municipality in the province of Almería (Spain) called Almócita. The Plus, Minus, Interesting (PMI); “Flying Balloon”; and Strength, Weakness, Opportunity (SWOT) analysis methodologies will be used to carry out the study. Finally, a ranking of success factors will be carried out with a brainstorming exercise. As to the results, there are, a priori, more advantages than disadvantages of implementing these currencies, but the local population has clarified that their main concern is depopulation along with a lack of varied work. As a counterpart to this and strengths or advantages, almost all the participants mention the support from the Almócita city council and the initiatives that are constantly being promoted.
    [Show full text]
  • IJCCR 2015 Hughes
    International Journal of Community Currency Research Volume 19 (2015) Section A 1-11 THE COMMUNITY CURRENCY SCENE IN SPAIN Neil Hughes* School Of Cultures, Languages And Area Studies University Of Nottingham, UK ABSTRACT This article maps the contours of the community currency scene in Spain. In so doing, it reveals a diverse and vibrant landscape of almost 400 currencies. These are made up of both tried and tested community currency types: service time-banks and mutual credit schemes; a regional currency, the Bilbao-based ekhi and more innovative alternatives such as barter shops and loy- alty schemes. The scene is national in scope and has undergone rapid recent growth. The sources used in the study comprise scholarly books, articles published in the Spanish national and regional press, an online database, and interviews and focus groups conducted during Cield trips to Spain with academics with interests in alternative economic practices, some of Spain’s leading community currency pioneers and community currency user groups and activists. In an effort to reveal the factors shaping community currency practice in Spain, the article discusses the role of municipal councils, community currency pioneers, the recent economic downturn, pre-igurative economic experiments conducted by radical social movements and ideological frameworks such as feminism and de-growth. The article also highlights the extent to which Spanish community currencies have been inCluenced by developments in Europe, the USA and Latin America. * Email: [email protected] To cite this article: Hughes, N. (2015) ‘The Community Currency Scene in Spain’ International Journal of Community Currency Research 19 (A) 1-11 <www.ijccr.net> ISSN 1325-9547 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY CURRENCY RESEARCH 2015 VOLUME 19 (A) 1-11 HUGHES INTRODUCTION Time-Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cashless Society – Benefits, Risks and Issues
    A Cashless Society Benefits, Risks and Issues (Interim Paper) by S. Achord J. Chan I. Collier S. Nardani S. Rochemont November 2017 Non-Business Disclaimer The views expressed in this [publication/presentation] are those of invited contributors and not necessarily those of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries. The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries do not endorse any of the views stated, nor any claims or representations made in this [publication/presentation] and accept no responsibility or liability to any person for loss or damage suffered as a consequence of their placing reliance upon any view, claim or representation made in this [publication/presentation]. The information and expressions of opinion contained in this publication are not intended to be a comprehensive study, nor to provide actuarial advice or advice of any nature and should not be treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations. On no account may any part of this [publication/presentation] be reproduced without the written permission of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries [or authors, in the case of non-IFoA research]. A Cashless Society- Benefits, Risks and Issues (Interim Paper) Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 1 Keywords .............................................................................................................................. 4 Correspondence details .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Tool for Building Community Resilience?
    This article was downloaded by: [University of East Anglia Library] On: 15 February 2012, At: 09:32 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cloe20 A tool for building community resilience? A case study of the Lewes Pound Jeppe Dyrendom Graugaard a a University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Available online: 15 Feb 2012 To cite this article: Jeppe Dyrendom Graugaard (2012): A tool for building community resilience? A case study of the Lewes Pound, Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, DOI:10.1080/13549839.2012.660908 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2012.660908 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • “An Important and Timely Book” Professor Nigel Dodd, London School of Economics
    “An important and timely book” Professor Nigel Dodd, London School of Economics Designing, developing & delivering community currencies Forewords by Molly Scott Cato & Nigel Dodd People Powered Money is the result of a project running from 2012-2015, Community Currencies in Action (CCIA). Part-funded by the European Union’s Interreg project, CCIA is a transnational project in the community currency field, bringing together expert partners from across north-west Europe and co-ordinating six pilot currencies in the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands and France. Drawing on the learnings of these pilots and the broader currency innovation movement, this book provides policymakers and practitioners alike with the information and advice to successfully implement a currency project in their communities. With the right PART 01 C/02 01 PART knowledge and support, these can bring significant economic, social and environmental benefits to their users. Often confined to the margins, community currencies have the potential to become a normal part of economic life. CCIA hopes this book will enable a new generation of community currencies and support their emergence into the mainstream. PART 01 C/02 01 PART 04 PEOPLE POWERED MONEY PEOPLE POWERED MONEY 05 Designing, developing & delivering community currencies People Powered Money Designing, developing and delivering community currencies Acknowledgements First edition published in paperback in Great Britain in 2015 by This book would not have been possible without the commitment New Economics Foundation and contributions of our CCIA partners and many external experts 10 Salamanca Place who have worked on the topic for many years, as well as, of course, the London SE1 7HB (0)20 7820 6300 funding contributed by the European Union’s Interreg 4b NorthWest [email protected] Europe programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Money That Matters
    Qoin – money that matters Money makes our world go around. Money is not given, but man-made. We can re-invent and re-design it to fit our purpose. Qoin introduces, implements, and manages professional Community Currencies throughout Europe. We assist authorities, SMEs and citizens to use Community Currencies to reach sustainable economic growth, ecological balance, and social progress. We do our work with a passionate team. Money = man-made Current legal tender currency systems are very strong in developing high profits and building a globalised society. However, they have proved less effective in supporting regional economic development, stimulating ecological policy goals and behaviours, and encouraging an active civil society. The current economic and financial crisis faced by many regions in Europe calls for new arrangements for communities to remain or become resilient. Community Currencies are social instruments Community Currencies (‘complementary currencies’, ‘alternative currencies’ or ‘social currencies’), are monetary instruments that develop and implement specific social, environmental and commercial objectives. Throughout history, both in concept and in practise, a large variety of Community Currencies can be found. It is difficult to distinguish the many programs from one another, making it hard to understand the best use, setup and impact. Many currencies are used properly, but quit often this is not the case. In our ‘Body of Knowledge on Complementary Currencies’, we describe the set of most frequently used currencies and their impact. A key characteristic is that they all understand money as a socially and politically construction. Community Currencies offer a proven ‘toolbox’ for stimulating the creation of jobs at local level, re-localising production and consumption, supporting a vibrant SME (small and medium sized enterprise sector), building a strong and active civil society, stimulating innovation and the development of local solutions to global problems, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Bank of England, Local Currency Scheme Websites, ONS and Bank Calculations
    Topical articles Banknotes, local currencies and central bank objectives 317 Banknotes, local currencies and central bank objectives By Mona Naqvi and James Southgate of the Bank’s Notes Division.(1) • A few towns and cities in the United Kingdom have set up local currency schemes to promote local sustainability. The schemes issue paper instruments with some similar design features to banknotes. This article explains how these instruments differ from banknotes. • The size, structure and backing arrangements of existing schemes mean that local currencies are unlikely to pose a risk to the Bank’s monetary and financial stability objectives. Nonetheless, consumers should be aware that local currency instruments do not benefit from the same level of consumer protection as banknotes. Overview The Bank of England’s issuance of banknotes feeds into its Summary table Features of local currency schemes that monetary stability objective, which includes maintaining mitigate potential risks to the Bank’s objectives confidence in the physical currency. This requires people to Objective of the Bank Potential risk to that Feature(s) of local currencies that be confident that the banknotes they hold will continue to objective can reduce that risk be widely accepted at face value. The promise by the Bank of Price stability Local currency schemes The schemes are small relative to lead to significant and aggregate spending in the England to make good the value of its banknotes for all time, unanticipated impacts on economy. aggregate economic as well as its use of robust security features and a activity. wide-ranging programme of education on how to identify Confidence in the Fears surrounding the Design features and marketing genuine banknotes, helps to ensure that this objective is met.
    [Show full text]
  • The UNO a Model Complementary Currency Used to Reduce Poverty & Help Build Healthy Local Economies
    The UNO A Model Complementary Currency Used to Reduce Poverty & Help Build Healthy Local Economies Michael Sauvante Vari MacNeil National Commonwealth Group, Inc. a Delaware 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation This document explores a topic introduced in a companion document titled Commonwealth Development Organizations (CDOs), which describes a more complete financial ecosystem of which this concept is a part. It can be found at: https://commonwealthgroup.net/doc/CommonwealthDevelopmentOrganizations.pdf Table of Contents 01 02 03 Overview What is Money? The UNO p4 p8 p12 Overview Definition of Money Distinguishing Features p8 p14 Bank-created Money Fractional Transactions p10 p14 Government-created Money UNO Bank p10 p15 Public and Non-profit Recruiting Participants Bank-created Money p15 p11 Linked to Cost of Living Citizen-created Money p16 Preventing Inflation 2 | The UNO: A new complementary currency National Commonwealth Group 04 05 06 The UNO in Practice Technology Benefits of the UNO System p17 p20 Local Circulation Server Side p22 Benefits Chart p17 p21 Small Businesses Client Side Appendix A p18 p21 Public Works Widespread Adoption p23 A Basic Income Primer p18 Remittances Appendix B p19 p27 Conversion to a National Complementary Currencies Currency Endnotes p34 National Commonwealth Group The UNO: A new complementary currency | 3 01 Overview Economic disparity - - is greater than at In 2002, C.K. Prahalad and Stu Treating the BoP as producers - any time in recent art Hart suggested that a for shows somewhat more promise, human history. tune could be made in serving but this approach faces huge chal the needs of the poor and in the4 lenges, including producers’ poor process coined the term BoP.
    [Show full text]