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Meteor , ,{ > Csillagászati Évkönyv 1994 M meteor , ,{ > csillagászati * i évkönyv 1994 Számítástechnika kulcsrakészen! — 386SX, 386, 486 számítógépek minden kiépítésben, 3 év garanciával — Laptop, Notebook számítógépek — EPSON, STAR, Hewlett Packard nyomtatók — Discovery és US Robotics modemek — APC szünetmentes tápegységek — ASHTON-TATE, BORLAND, MICROSOFT, NANTUCKET, LOTUS szoftverek — Modemes távadatátviteli és BBS-rendszerek szállítása — NOVELL-hálózati szoftverek, hálózatépítés — Számítógépek és tartozékok javítása QUU€RTY High Tech Kft. Címünk: 1114 Budapest, Orlay u. 4. Üzlet: 1114 Budapest, Bartók Béla út 9. Tel.: 18-68-858, 18-52-687, 16-63-098 Fax: 18-52-687 BBS: 11-87-950 (Budapest BBS) NE FELEDJE: nevünk ott található az ÖN számítógépének billentyűzetén is! A MAGYAR CSILLAGÁSZAT) C- íYESt KÖNYVTÁRA meteor csillagászati évkönyv 1994 szerkesztette: Mizser Attila Taracsák Gábor Az évkönyv összeállításában közreműködtek: EAON (Belgium) Guman István Holl András Jean Meeus (Belgium) Sárneczky Krisztián Tepliczky István T ó th Éva Zajácz György Zalezsák Tamás A szerkesztés a Fővárosi Önkormányzat Tudományos Alapja és az M TA Csillagászati Kutatóintézete támogatásával készült Magyar Csillagászati Egyesület Budapest, 1993 Szakmailag ellenőrizte: Benkő József Szabados László Műszaki szerkesztés és illusztrációk: Taracsák Gábor ISSN 0866-2851 Felelős kiadó: Mizser Attila Készült a Kertészeti és Élelmiszeripari Egyetem Nyomdájában Felelős vezető: Wilpert Gábor Terjedelem: 13 (A5) ív Példányszám: 4000 1993. október Tartalom Bevezető..........................................................................................................................................................5 Használati útm utató..................................................................................................................................5 Táblázatok Jelenségnaptár ..........................................................................................................................................10 A bolygók kelése és nyugvása (ábra) ...............................................................................................34 A Nap és a Hold ad a ta i.........................................................................................................................36 A bolygók adatai ..................................................................................................................................... 52 A bolygók kitérése a Naptól (ábra) .................................................................................................62 A bolygók ekliptikái koordinátái .......................................................................................................63 A bolygók elhelyezkedése a Nap körül (ábra) ..............................................................................66 A Jupiter-holdak helyzete és jelenségei .......................................................................................... 68 A Szaturnusz-holdak kitérései.............................................................................................................79 Kisbolygók ..................................................................................................................................................81 Periodikus üstökösök ..............................................................................................................................86 Meteorrajok ..........................................................,...................................................................................90 Fogyatkozások, fedések ..........................................................................................................................92 Mira-maximumok ....................................................................................................................................98 Az 1992. év üstökösei ........................................................................................................................... 106 Julián-dátum táblázat...........................................................................................................................107 Csillagkatalógus J1994.5-re ............................................................................................................... 108 Szupernóva katalógus...........................................................................................................................114 Cikkek Patkós László: A csillagászat legújabb eredményei..................................................................128 Szécsényi-Nagy Gábor: Működő és tervezett óriástávcsövek................................................. 146 Jurcsik Johanna: Tetten ért csillagfejlődés .................................................................................148 van Driel-Gesztelyi Lídia: Milyen a Nap röntgen fényben? ................................................. 157 Holl András: Számítástechnika a csillagászatban .................................................................... 167 I. Bartha Lajos: Vissza a Boldra! ................................................................................................... 186 B eszám olók Magyar Csillagászati Egyesület ....................................................................................................... 200 M TA Csillagászati Kutatóintézete .......................................................................................... 204 ELTE Csillagászati Tanszék ............................................................................................................. 206 Szegedi Csillagvizsgáló ........................................................................................................................208 Planetárium..............................................................................................................................................211 TIT Uránia Csillagvizsgáló ................................................................................................................213 3 A címlapon A Nap röntgenképe Az ISAS (Űr- és Űrkutatási Tudományok Intézete, Japán) Yohkoh röntgencsillagászati műholdjának felvétele. A röntgentávcsövet a Lockheed Palo Alto Kutató Laboratórium (U SA), Japán Nemzeti Csillagászati Obszervatóriuma és a Tokyo Egyetem építette a NASA és az ISAS támogatásával. (A Milyen a Nap röntgen fényben? című cikkünkhöz) Bevezető A Magyar Csillagászati Egyesület által kiadott csillagászati évkönyvek sorozatának ötödik tagját bocsátottuk útjára ezzel a kötettel. Úgy tűnik, az évkönyv valóban hasznos munkaeszközévé vált a szakcsillagászoknak, észlelő amatőröknek, ismeretterjesztőknek, pedagógusoknak, de haszonnal forgatja mindenki, aki a csillagászat iránt legalább egy kevéssé érdeklődik. Az öt évfolyamot egymás mellé téve példányszámban, terjedelemben, külső megjelenésben és — reményeink szerint — tartalomban is lemérhető a haladás. Ebben nagy szerepe van a számítástechnika szédületes fejlődésének. Az évkönykészítés technikai hátteréről a Számítástechnika a csillagászatban című cikk végén található rövid áttekintés. A kiadáshoz az idén mindössze egy pályázaton kaptunk anyagi támogatást. A Fő­ városi Önkormányzat Tudományos Alapjának segítsége sajnos csak egy részét fedezi a nyomdai költségek, a könyvterjesztői jutalékok és az egyéb elkerülhetetlen kiadások nö­ vekedésének. Emiatt az árat a tavalyihoz képest nagyobb mértékben kellett emelnünk. Azt azonban nyugodtan állíthatjuk, hogy az évkönyv a hasonló jellegű és küllemű ki­ adványok között még mindig olcsónak számít. Az áremelés részbeni ellensúlyozására a Magyar Csillagászati Egyesület a tagjainak az éves tagdíj fejében, illetményként juttatja el az évkönyvet. Ahhoz, hogy az árat a további években is elfogadható szinten tudjuk tartani, támogatókra és több fizetett hirdetésre lenne szükség. Ezen a téren köszönettel fogadjuk az Olvasó ötleteit és segítségét is. Használati útmutató Az évkönyv első felében kaptak helyet a naptári alapadatok, havonkénti csoportosí­ tásban: a Nap és Hold keltének és nyugtának időpontja, a hónap fontosabb csillagászati eseményei, a bolygók láthatósága, a hónap csillagos égboltja. Ezt követik azok az infor­ mációk, amelyek csillagászati számításokhoz és az amatőr észlelőmunkához szükségesek: a Nap, a Hold és a bolygók koordinátái és fizikai adatai, valamint a különféle segéd­ táblázatok. Végül pedig a speciális észlelési területeken használható előrejelzéseket és adatokat találjuk: fogyatkozásokról, fedésekről, kisbolygókról, meteorrajokról, üstökö­ sökről, változócsillagokról és egyéb témákról. A táblázatok és adatok Magyarország közepes földrajzi koordinátáira vonatkoznak: földrajzi hosszúság A = +19?0 földrajzi szélesség ip = +47?5 Minthogy hazánk kiterjedése nem nagy, az évkönyv táblázatai jó közelítéssel hasz­ nálhatók az egész ország területén. A Föld forgásával kapcsolatos időadatoknál egy fok földrajzi hosszúságkülönbség 4 időperc eltérést jelent. A kelési, delelési és nyugvási idő­ pontok esetében tehát a 19° hosszúsági körtől keletre fokonként négy percet le kell vonni a táblázat időadatából, nyugat felé pedig ugyanennyit hozzá kell adni. Pontos észlelések­ nél természetesen a koordinátakülönbségből adódó eltéréseket megfelelő számításokkal kell figyelembe venni. 5 Az időpont adatok többsége világidőben (UT) szerepel, az egyéb számértékek pe­ dig általában a megadott napon 0h UT-re vonatkoznak. Erre a táblázatok jobb felső sarkában elhelyezett UT ill. 0h U T jelzés is utal. A Naptár rész minden időpont adatát, valamint a bolygók kelési, delelési és nyugvási
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