Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 16 NO 40 OCT 11 - 19, 2006
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Country Background Report Estonia
OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools Country Background Report Estonia This report was prepared by the Ministry of Education and Research of the Republic of Estonia, as an input to the OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools (School Resources Review). The participation of the Republic of Estonia in the project was organised with the support of the European Commission (EC) in the context of the partnership established between the OECD and the EC. The partnership partly covered participation costs of countries which are part of the European Union’s Erasmus+ programme. The document was prepared in response to guidelines the OECD provided to all countries. The opinions expressed are not those of the OECD or its Member countries. Further information about the OECD Review is available at www.oecd.org/edu/school/schoolresourcesreview.htm Ministry of Education and Research, 2015 Table of Content Table of Content ....................................................................................................................................................2 List of acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................7 Executive summary ...............................................................................................................................................9 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................10 -
Tallinn City Guidebook
www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow 11 top things to do in Tallinn, Estonia Published Date : August 24, 2020 Categories : Estonia Estonia, a small country in Northern Europe borders the Baltic Sea, Russia, and Latvia. Estonia’s capital Tallinn is quite famous for it’s well preserved medieval old town and it’s cathedrals. There are many things to do in Tallinn and the city is similar to any other European city. Tallinn was in my itinerary as a part of four country cruise trip (Stockholm — Tallinn — St. Petersburg — Helsinki — Stockholm). Pm2am were the organizers and it was their inaugural cruise trip too. 11 things to do in Tallinn 1. Free walking tour To know any European city, take a walking tour, especially in the old town. The tour guide gives a brief overview of the history, architecture, how the city was affected during war times, and many more insights. They show you places that even google maps can’t locate. Tallinn offers many free walking tours like the one from traveller, freetour. You just need to be on time at the meeting point and they take care of the rest. I also did a free walking tour in Warsaw and Belgrade. www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow The tour typically lasts 2 – 2.5 hours depending on your group size. Don’t forget to tip the guide at the end. Travel Tip: Do the tour on your first day and ask the guide for the best local food, things to do in the city, nightlife. It allows you to plan the vacation more efficiently. -
Enlargement, Hospitality and Transformative Powers the Cases of Moldova and Ukraine by Jeppe Juul Petersen (Copenhagen)
ENLARGEMENT, HOSPITALITY AND TRANSFORMATIVE POWERS The Cases of Moldova and Ukraine by Jeppe Juul Petersen (Copenhagen) First publication. The European Union has undergone tremendous changes in recent years with the most comprehensive enlargement in its history. On May 1, 2004 ten new countries acceded to the EU (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Malta 1 Cf. Dinan, Desmond: Europe and Cyprus) and more countries are eager to join or have even been accepted as candidate recast. a history of European union. countries for entry into the European Union. Recently, Romania and Bulgaria followed the Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan ten newcomers as they finished their accession process and became members of the EU in 2004, p. 267. January 2007. Currently, the EU consists of 27 countries, with a population of roughly 500 2 Leonard, Mark/Grant, Charles: million and the largest economy in the world. Georgia and the EU. Can Europe’s Regardless of the incongruence between the old member states of the EU, the enlarge- neighbourhood policy deliver? Centre ment seemed inevitable since the reunited Europe could not restrict itself to the western for European Reform Policy Brief part of Europe.1 Thus, the enlargement processes of the EU can indeed be viewed as an 2005, p. 1. example of a reunification and integration process of Europe after the end of the Cold War. 3 Wolczuk, Kataryna: Ukraine after The countries that were previously linked to the USSR (e.g. Poland, Czech Republic and the Orange Revolution. Centre for Hungary) or the Warsaw Pact, now enjoy independence and are on the path of democracy European Reform Policy Paper 2005, and market economy, which constitute the membership criteria adopted by the European p. -
Viking Voicejan2014.Pub
Volume 2 February 2014 Viking Voice PENN DELCO SCHOOL DISTRICT Welcome 2014 Northley students have been busy this school year. They have been playing sports, performing in con- certs, writing essays, doing homework and projects, and enjoying life. Many new and exciting events are planned for the 2014 year. Many of us will be watching the Winter Olympics, going to plays and con- certs, volunteering in the community, participating in Reading Across America for Dr. Seuss Night, and welcoming spring. The staff of the Viking Voice wishes everyone a Happy New Year. Northley’s Students are watching Guys and Dolls the 2014 Winter Olympics Northley’s 2014 Musical ARTICLES IN By Vivian Long and Alexis Bingeman THE VIKING V O I C E This year’s winter Olympics will take place in Sochi Russia. This is the This year’s school musical is Guy and • Olympic Events first time in Russia’s history that they Dolls Jr. Guys and Dolls is a funny musical • Guys and Dolls will host the Winter Olympic Games. set in New York in the 40’s centering on Sochi is located in Krasnodar, which is gambling guys and their dolls (their girl • Frozen: a review, a the third largest region of Russia, with friends). Sixth grader, Billy Fisher, is playing survey and excerpt a population of about 400,000. This is Nathan Detroit, a gambling guy who is always • New Words of the located in the south western corner of trying to find a place to run his crap game. Year Russia. The events will be held in two Emma Robinson is playing Adelaide, Na- • Scrambled PSSA different locations. -
Ober-Haus Real Estate Market Report 2019
REAL ESTATE MARKET REPORT 2019 / 3 PART OF Realia Group helps its customers to find the best services and solutions in all questions related to housing and building management. Our vision is to offer better living and real estate wealth to our customers. Realia Group is the largest provider of expert services specialising in the brokerage and management services of apartments, properties and commercial facilities in the Nordic countries. Our services include: • Brokerage services for consumers • Housing management • Property management services for commercial properties • Property management services for residential buildings • Project management and construction services • Financial management services • Valuation services • Energy management services • Residential leasing Realia Group consists of Realia Isännöinti Oy, Realia Management Oy, Arenna Oy, Huoneistokeskus Oy, SKV Kiinteistönvälitys Oy and Huom! Huoneistomarkkinointi Oy in Finland. A/S Ober-Haus operates in the Baltic region and Hestia in Sweden. Our customers include apartment house companies and real estate companies, private and public owners and end users of apartments and properties, fund companies, banks and many other parties operating in the real estate sector as well as consumers. All of our companies share the significance of customer experiences in the development of products and services. We are building a better customer experience by investing in customer-oriented service production, an active service culture and strong and competent operations. We want to be a customer experience driven pioneer in our field. The Realia Group's competitiveness is made up of strong brands, motivated and skillful personnel, and the ability and will to invest in working methods and processes of the future. -
Estonia's Integration Into International Organisations — from the Viewpoint
Jaanika Erne LL.M., M.A. Contractual Consultant, European Union Electronic Information Service, European Documentation Centre, University of Tartu Estonia’s Integration into International Organisations — from the Viewpoint of Security The Republic of Estonia has been a full member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation since 29 March 2004, Estonia is the full member state of the European Union since 1 May 2004. These developments are in testimony of a huge step towards a free, whole and peaceful Europe.*1 8or the acceding states, acces- sion to both these organisations means supranational integration in security issues, as has also meant the accession to other security organisations, such as the Western European Union (WEU), the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the United Nations (UN). 8rom historical viewpoint as a small state that has been occupied many times security guarantees are essential to Estonia. The pursuit of independence, territorial integrity and cultural identity has accompanied the development of the Estonian nation. Although the author sees neither military nor political threats aim- ing to change Estonias internal or external policies today or in the near future, she is aware of and under- stands that the state must be ready to combat such threats as economic, social and environmental risks, international crime, and terrorism. Considering the previous, the purpose of this article is to estimate whether the accession of the Republic of Estonia to supranational organisations guarantees higher security in the region. Considering this purpose, the author has divided the article into three main sections. The first section gives an overview about the interrelationship of those security organisations in which Estonia participates. -
Republic of Estonia (Banking and Cürbency Befobm) 7 % Loan, 1927
[Distributed to the Council and C. 186. M. 60. 1928. ii the Members of the League.] (F. 514.) Geneva, August 3rd, 1928. LEAGUE OF NATIONS REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA (BANKING AND CÜRBENCY BEFOBM) 7 % LOAN, 1927 FIRST ANNUAL REPORT BY THE TRUSTEE covering the period from June 15lh, 1927, to June 30th, 1928. I ntroduction . In conformity with the decision of the Council of September 15th, 1927. I have the honour to submit to the Council of the League of Nations my first annual report as Trustee for the " Republic of Estonia (Banking and Currency Reform) 7 % Loan. 1927 ”, it may be useful to give in this first report a somewhat detailed description of the execution of the scheme and of the duties of the Trustee. The essential features of the Estonian banking and currency reform, on which the Estonian Government and the financial experts of the League had already been working for some time, are contained in the Protocol signed at Geneva on December 10th. 1926. by the Estonian Minister of Finance, and approved by the Council on the same day. As provided for in this Protocol, the following laws were passed by the Estonian Parliament early in May 1927. viz., (1) the Eesti Pank Statutes Law, (2) the Monetary Law of Estonia, (3) the Law to terminate the Issue of Treasury and " Change ” Notes, and (4) the Foreign Loan Law 1. Thereupon, it was permissible to open negotiations for the loan which was to be issued under the auspices of the League and which was to produce an effective net yield of £1.350,000. -
Digital Divide in Estonia and How to Bridge It
Digital Divide In Estonia and How to Bridge It Editors: Mari Kalkun (Emor) Tarmo Kalvet (PRAXIS) Emor and PRAXIS Center for Policy Studies Tallinn 2002 Digital Divide In Estonia and How to Bridge It Editors: Mari Kalkun (Emor) Tarmo Kalvet (PRAXIS) Tallinn 2002 This report was prepared at the order, with funding from and in direct partnership with the Look@World Foundation, the Open Estonia Foundation, and the State Chancellery. Co-financers: The study was co-financed (partial research, pdf-publications, PRAXIS’ Policy Analysis Publications, distribution) by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) for the Information for Development Program (infoDev) by a grant to the PRAXIS Center for Policy Studies for ICT Infrastructure and E-Readiness Assessment (Grant # ICT 016). The translation into Russian and English, and publication of the web-version was supported by the Open Society Institute – Budapest. Contractors: © Emor (Chapters III, V, VI, VII; Annexes 2, 3, 4) Ahtri 12, 10151 Tallinn Tel. (372) 6 268 500; www.emor.ee © PRAXIS Center for Policy Studies (Chapters II, IV, VIII) Estonia Ave. 3/5, 10143 Tallinn Tel. (372) 6 409 072; www.praxis.ee © Emor and PRAXIS Center for Policy Studies (Executive Summary, Chapter I) Materials in the current report are subject to unlimited and free use if references to the authors and financers are provided. ISBN: 9985-78-736-6 Layout: Helena Nagel Contents 4 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mari Kalkun, Tarmo Kalvet, Daimar Liiv, Ülle Pärnoja . 6 1. Objectives of study . 6 2. “Blue collar” individuals and “passive people” are distinguished among non-users of the Internet . -
Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) Act – Riigi Teataja
Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) Act – Riigi Teataja https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/513042015009/consolide Issuer: Riigikogu Type: act In force from: 29.03.2015 In force until: In force Translation published: 13.04.2015 Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) Act Passed 18.05.1993 RT I 1993, 28, 498 Entry into force 18.06.1993 Chapter 1 General Provisions § 1. Legal foundations of the Bank of Estonia(Eesti Pank) (1) The Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) - hereinafter, ‘the Bank of Estonia’ - is the central bank of the Republic of Estonia and a member of the European System of Central Banks. The Bank of Estonia is the legal successor to the Bank of Estonia which was established as the central bank of the Republic of Estonia in 1919. [RT I 2006, 29, 219 - entry into force 08.07.2006] (2) The Bank of Estonia is a legal person with its own Statute, seal, coat of arms and other insignia permitted by the law. (3) The Bank of Estonia operates pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia Amendment Act, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank, legislation of the European Central Bank, this Act, other Acts and its Statute. [RT I 2010, 22, 108 - entry into force 01.01.2011] (4) The legal status of the Bank of Estonia may only be changed by the passage of a Bank of Estonia Act Amendment Act. -
China at the Gates a New Power Audit of Eu-China Relations
CHINA AT THE GATES A NEW POWER AUDIT OF EU-CHINA RELATIONS François Godement & Abigaël Vasselier ABOUT ECFR The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) is the first pan-European think-tank. Launched in October 2007, its objective is to conduct research and promote informed debate across Europe on the development of coherent, effective and values- based European foreign policy. ECFR has developed a strategy with three distinctive elements that define its activities: • A pan-European Council. ECFR has brought together a distinguished Council of over two hundred Members - politicians, decision makers, thinkers and business people from the EU’s member states and candidate countries - which meets once a year as a full body. Through geographical and thematic task forces, members provide ECFR staff with advice and feedback on policy ideas and help with ECFR’s activities within their own countries. The Council is chaired by Carl Bildt, Emma Bonino and Mabel van Oranje. • A physical presence in the main EU member states. ECFR, uniquely among European think-tanks, has offices in Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Sofia and Warsaw. Our offices are platforms for research, debate, advocacy and communications. • Developing contagious ideas that get people talking. ECFR has brought together a team of distinguished researchers and practitioners from all over Europe to carry out innovative research and policy development projects with a pan-European focus. ECFR produces original research; publishes policy reports; hosts private meetings, public debates, and “friends of ECFR” gatherings in EU capitals; and reaches out to strategic media outlets. ECFR is a registered charity funded by the Open Society Foundations and other generous foundations, individuals and corporate entities. -
No Monitoring Obligations’ the Death of ‘No Monitoring Obligations’ a Story of Untameable Monsters by Giancarlo F
The Death of ‘No Monitoring Obligations’ The Death of ‘No Monitoring Obligations’ A Story of Untameable Monsters by Giancarlo F. Frosio* Abstract: In imposing a strict liability regime pean Commission, would like to introduce filtering for alleged copyright infringement occurring on You- obligations for intermediaries in both copyright and Tube, Justice Salomão of the Brazilian Superior Tribu- AVMS legislations. Meanwhile, online platforms have nal de Justiça stated that “if Google created an ‘un- already set up miscellaneous filtering schemes on a tameable monster,’ it should be the only one charged voluntary basis. In this paper, I suggest that we are with any disastrous consequences generated by the witnessing the death of “no monitoring obligations,” lack of control of the users of its websites.” In order a well-marked trend in intermediary liability policy to tame the monster, the Brazilian Superior Court that can be contextualized within the emergence of had to impose monitoring obligations on Youtube; a broader move towards private enforcement online this was not an isolated case. Proactive monitoring and intermediaries’ self-intervention. In addition, fil- and filtering found their way into the legal system as tering and monitoring will be dealt almost exclusively a privileged enforcement strategy through legisla- through automatic infringement assessment sys- tion, judicial decisions, and private ordering. In multi- tems. Due process and fundamental guarantees get ple jurisdictions, recent case law has imposed proac- mauled by algorithmic enforcement, which might fi- tive monitoring obligations on intermediaries across nally slay “no monitoring obligations” and fundamen- the entire spectrum of intermediary liability subject tal rights online, together with the untameable mon- matters. -
Estonian Way to Liberal Economic System
Center for Social & Economic Research ESTONIAN WAY TO LIBERAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM Jarosław Bauc CASE, Center for Social & Economic Research Warsaw, Poland Warsaw, April 1995 Materials published in this series have a character of working papers which can be a subject of further publications in the future. The views and opinions expressed here reflect Authors' point of view and not necessary those of CASE . Paper was prepared for the project: "Economic Reforms in the former USSR" (Reformy gospodarcze na terenie dawnego ZSRR), financed by the Committee of Scientific Reasearch (Komitet Badań Naukowych). CASE Research Foundation, Warsaw 1995 ISBN 83-86296-34-8 Editor: CASE - Center for Social & Economic Research 00-585 Warszawa, Bagatela 14 tel/fax (48-2) 628 65 81; tel/fax (48-22) 29 43 83 Estonian Way to Liberal Economic System 1. Starting point of reform and general features of development Estonia 1 has adopted the one of the most radical programs of stabilization and transformation amongst not only the former Soviet Union countries but among previously centrally planned economies as well. The commodity and service markets were balanced mainly through the price liberalization and introduction of the internally convertible national currency. This was supplimented with the austerity in public consumption and surpluss in the state budget. The changes were also associated with a radical shift in the foreign trade rearientation. The economy that previously was oriented to almost costless recources from the former Soviet Union and work mostly for the Soviet "markets" seems to be very well adjusted to western markets and broad participation in the world economy.