Paige Beckman Aquatic Plants Vs. Nitrates the Purpose of This

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Paige Beckman Aquatic Plants vs. Nitrates The purpose of this experiment is to find a way to lower nitrate levels in aquariums; this will prevent fish from dying of nitrate poisoning (Brown Blood disease). For testing there were three-one-gallon aquariums with four cups of aquarium gravel, and three goldfish within the each tank. There were five days of testing that did not have aquatic plants inside of the aquarium, and five days of testing where there were aquatic plants within the aquariums (between the five days of testing with the plants and the five days of testing without, the tanks were cleaned). The aquatic plants used in this experiment were the Anubias Afzelii plant (aquarium 1), the Amazon Sword plant (aquarium 2), and the Umbrella plant/Spathiphyllum Wallisii plant (aquarium 3). I hypothesized that the plant that would accommodate nitrates the best would be the Anubias Afzelii. Nitrate levels were taken every day at twelve p.m. and the data was recorded. Aquarium one had an average nitrate level of 6 ppm when the Anubias Afzelii was residing within it. Aquarium two had an average nitrate level of 8 ppm when the Amazon Sword was residing within it. Aquarium three had an average nitrate level of 0.4 ppm when the Umbrella plant was residing within it. Data showed that the Anubias Afzellii plant did not best accommodate nitrates, therefore my hypothesis was rejected. Out of the three plants used in this project, the Umbrella plant best reduces nitrate levels in an aquarium. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Micropropagation of Anubias Barteri Var. Nana from Shoot Tip Culture and the Analysis of Ploidy Stability
Available online at www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic 1842-4309 Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 2012, 40(2): 148-151 Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Micropropagation of Anubias barteri var. Nana from Shoot Tip Culture and the Analysis of Ploidy Stability Kantamaht KANCHANAPOOM1*, Panyaros CHUNUI2 , Kamnoon KANCHANAPOOM2 1 Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand;[email protected] (*corresponding author) 2 Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand; [email protected] Abstract Plant regeneration of Anubias barteri var. Nana was achieved through organogenesis in shoot tip cultures. Multiple shoots were induced from cultured shoot tips on a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with BA and kinetin. The maximum green shoot numbers were best obtained on MS medium containing 3 mg/L BA with 5 shoots. Rooting in all regenerated shoots was promoted on MS medium devoid of plant growth regulators or kinetin singly. Acclimatization and survival when transferred to field conditions were shown to be 100% in the regenerated plants. Cytological and flow cytometric analyses of the mother plants and in vitro grown plants derived from 5 years old cultures showed no differences in ploidy level, they were all diploid (2n = 2x = 48) with a 2C peak indicating that ploidy alteration did not occur. Keywords: aquatic plant, Araceae, flow cytometry, nuclear DNA content Introduction Materials and methods Plant materials The genus Anubias of the family Araceae is divided Young plantlets of A.
[Show full text]
The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae
BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences.
[Show full text]
NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 1
NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 1 Aquatic News 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 £/5 Aus$ £/5 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 ÉÄw@ÉÄw@ ZZ y|á{xáy|á{xá #4 Issue #4 - 2004 Issue NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 2 DO YOU KNOW THE FACTS OF LIGHT? A strong, vibrant light is essential to the growth and health of your aquarium. This much you probably already know. But did you know that the average fluorescent tube loses LIFE-GLO 2 High-noon spectrum for aquariums, terrariums & vivariums about 50% of its lighting output quality within one year? This results in a distorted spectrum, inefficient plant and coral growth, and less intense fish colors. POWER-GLO Promotes coral, invertebrate and plant growth GLO offers a wide variety of tubes for every aquarium setup. They also provide you with a re- minder sticker to place either directly on the tube AQUA-GLO Intensifies fish colors and promotes plant growth or on the aquarium itself to remind you when it’s time to replace the bulb. FLORA-GLO Optimizes plant growth Or, if you prefer, sign up online at www.hagen.com and we’ll send you a reminder when it’s time. MARINE-GLO Promotes marine reef life So, replace your tubes regularly. You’ll love the results and your fish will love their home. SUN-GLO General purpose aquarium lighting NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 3 Editorial Editorial Dear Reader, "silent as a fish in water", fishes The first three issues of can communicate, often better NUTRAFIN Aquatic News than people..
[Show full text]
Cryptic Emersion – Part Two (Of Ten) Derek P.S
Cryptic Emersion – Part Two (of Ten) Derek P.S. Tustin Week Four Week Five Week Four Full Tank View Week Five Full Tank View A. Hastifolia - Week 4 A. Hastifolia - Week 5 I changed the “rain-maker” I had made by adding three To replace the Anubias barteri “coffeefolia” I went to extra bars and rotated the orientation from running along Vandemeers and found an Anubias frazeri that has been the tank to across the tank. Unfortunately even with the grown emersed. Hopefully this will allow me to avoid the rot added moisture, I lost the Anubias barteri “coffeefolia”. It that completely decimated the Anubias barteri and the also started rotting, and I believe that it was due to the plant Anubias barteri “coffeefolia”. The Anubias hastifolia has going from long-term immersed conditions to almost begun to grow a new leaf. There were no deaths or other completely emersed conditions. I removed both the plant losses in the tank over the week. and the wood that it was fastened to. One problem that I have encountered is some type of algae Other than that, there were no negative developments. The growing on my “rain-maker”. I think this may be due to the crypt rot has completely finished, and all plants are doing water from the “rain-maker” emerging so close to the lights, well. The new leaf on the Cryptocoryne cordata continues and the fact that I am fertilizing on a regular and ongoing to grow. basis. The algae is very easy to clean off of the “rain- maker”.
[Show full text]
Risk Assessment for Invasiveness Differs for Aquatic and Terrestrial Plant Species
Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-011-0002-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Risk assessment for invasiveness differs for aquatic and terrestrial plant species Doria R. Gordon • Crysta A. Gantz Received: 10 November 2010 / Accepted: 16 April 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract Predictive tools for preventing introduc- non-invaders and invaders would require an increase tion of new species with high probability of becoming in the threshold score from the standard of 6 for this invasive in the U.S. must effectively distinguish non- system to 19. That higher threshold resulted in invasive from invasive species. The Australian Weed accurate identification of 89% of the non-invaders Risk Assessment system (WRA) has been demon- and over 75% of the major invaders. Either further strated to meet this requirement for terrestrial vascu- testing for definition of the optimal threshold or a lar plants. However, this system weights aquatic separate screening system will be necessary for plants heavily toward the conclusion of invasiveness. accurately predicting which freshwater aquatic plants We evaluated the accuracy of the WRA for 149 non- are high risks for becoming invasive. native aquatic species in the U.S., of which 33 are major invaders, 32 are minor invaders and 84 are Keywords Aquatic plants Á Australian Weed Risk non-invaders. The WRA predicted that all of the Assessment Á Invasive Á Prevention major invaders would be invasive, but also predicted that 83% of the non-invaders would be invasive. Only 1% of the non-invaders were correctly identified and Introduction 16% needed further evaluation. The resulting overall accuracy was 33%, dominated by scores for invaders.
[Show full text]
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Geneva
E TG/ANUBI(proj.5) ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2009-02-13 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA DRAFT * ANUBIAS UPOV Code: ANUBI_HET; ANUBI_BAR_BAR; ANUBI_BAR_NAN Anubias heterophylla Engl.; Anubias barteri Schott var. barteri; Anubias barteri Schott var. nana (Engl.) Crusio GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY prepared by experts from Singapore to be considered by the Technical Committee at its forty-fifth session, to be held in Geneva from March 30 to April 1, 2009 Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Anubias heterophylla Engl.; Anubias Anubias barteri Schott var. barteri; Anubias barteri Schott var. nana (Engl.) Crusio The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] TG/ANUBI(proj.5) Anubias,
[Show full text]
Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf Thomas J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 4 2006 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Sean W. Graham University of British Columbia Marc A. McPherson University of Alberta; Duke University Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Givnish, Thomas J.; Pires, J. Chris; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Prince, Linda M.; Patterson, Thomas B.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Roalson, Eric H.; Evans, Timothy M.; Hahn, William J.; Millam, Kendra C.; Meerow, Alan W.; Molvray, Mia; Kores, Paul J.; O'Brien, Heath W.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Kress, W. John; and Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2006) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Authors Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. McPherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, and Kenneth J. Sytsma This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 4 Aliso 22, pp.
[Show full text]
Tentative Keys for the Identification of Species in Biar Um and Eminium, with Notes on Some Taxa Included in Biarum
rVol. 3 TENTATIVE KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES IN BIAR UM AND EMINIUM, WITH NOTES ON SOME TAXA INCLUDED IN BIARUM Harald Riedl Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria The following keys have been not quite useless for others as long prepared for purely practical pur: as a modem treatment is not yet poses during a visit to the herbar available. I am thankful for any ium of Kew Gardens in 1978. proposals to improve them founded They are based on the collections on direct observation of the species I found there, and on relevant liter in question. My special thanks are ature published since Engler's due to Mr. Simon Mayo who en (1920 monograph. In all those cases couraged the preparation and publi where I could not examine correct cation of what is still a primitive ly identified specimens the keys are tool to handle two of the less popu no more than a compilation of al lar aroid genera from temperate and ready existing data and will have to subtropical regions in Europe, be revised, doubtless, in some de western Asia and northern Africa. tails. Nevertheless, I feel they are Biarum Schott 1a. Sterile flowers present between male and female flowers and above the male ones; leaves narrow...... B. tenuifolium (L.) Schott (incl. B. ar undarum Boiss. & Reut., B. galiani Talavera) 1 b. Sterile flowers lacking or present only between male and female flowers ......... 2. 2a. Anthers with a distinctive tip (shortly rostrate) ..... .B. spruneri Boiss. 2b. Anthers without tip or with a very inconspicuous one, not rostrate ...
[Show full text]
The European Aroid Community New Interest in the Age of Social Media Tom Croat Thomas B
The IAS Newsletter Vol. 42 No. 4 – December, 2020 ISSN 2330-295X A Quarterly Publication for Members of the International Aroid Society Table of Contents The European Aroid Community New Interest in the Age of Social Media Tom Croat Thomas B. Croat, P. A. Schulze Curator The European Aroid Community Missouri Botanical Garden Traveling to Germany .................. Page 1 Meeting with European Aroiders . Page 2 Traveling to Germany Established Aroiders ..................... Page 7 On the 5th of September 2019 I flew to Germany on the invitation ofAlex Pollen and Pollination Experts ... Page 12 Portilla of Ecuagenera. Alex was planning an aroid sales event at the Röllke Aroid Growers ........................... Page 14 Orchideen, a greenhouse complex in Schloss Holte-Stukenbrock and wanted Aquatic Aroid Specialists ............ Page 15 me to present information on Araceae to the participants at his sale. Alex is Index to European Aroiders ....... Page 17 the company’s representative in Europe and had received good responses from people all over northern Europe and thought that it would be good to solidify Sappasiri Chaovanich & Rahul Thampi relationships with a number of new potential members for the International Thailand Best Aroid Show 2020 ... Page18 Aroid Society. I was eager to help by meeting these new European aroid enthu- siasts, talk about aroids and try to find some new young members for the IAS. Dmitry A. Loginov Easy Solution for Difficult Things did not go well from the outset with my flight to Stockholm leaving 3 Cryptocoryne Species .................. Page 20 hours late out of Washington Dulles Airport. When I arrived in Copenhagen at 10:00 AM the next day on Friday, I learned that there was a baggage han- Zach DuFran dler’s strike and that my now rescheduled connecting flight to Hannover was Mid America Chapter likely to not leave.
[Show full text]
The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Central Africa
THE S THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION T A OF FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY T U S IN CENTRAL AFRICA AND Brooks, E.G.E., Allen, D.J. and Darwall, W.R.T. D I st RIBU T ION OF F RE S HWA T ER B IODIVER S I T Y IN CEN CENTRAL AFRICA CENTRAL T RAL AFRICA INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE WORLD HEADQUARTERS Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 999 0000 Fax: + 41 22 999 0020 www.iucn.org/species www.iucnredlist.org The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM Regional Assessment About IUCN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development Africa challenges. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Eastern Africa. Compiled by William R.T. Darwall, Kevin IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing G. Smith, Thomas Lowe and Jean-Christophe Vié, 2005. field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Southern Africa. Compiled by William R.T. Darwall, IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, Kevin G. Smith, Denis Tweddle and Paul Skelton, 2009. with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Western Africa.
[Show full text]
Tropical Aquatic Plants: Morphoanatomical Adaptations - Edna Scremin-Dias
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. I - Tropical Aquatic Plants: Morphoanatomical Adaptations - Edna Scremin-Dias TROPICAL AQUATIC PLANTS: MORPHOANATOMICAL ADAPTATIONS Edna Scremin-Dias Botany Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Keywords: Wetland plants, aquatic macrophytes, life forms, submerged plants, emergent plants, amphibian plants, aquatic plant anatomy, aquatic plant morphology, Pantanal. Contents 1. Introduction and definition 2. Origin, distribution and diversity of aquatic plants 3. Life forms of aquatic plants 3.1. Submerged Plants 3.2 Floating Plants 3.3 Emergent Plants 3.4 Amphibian Plants 4. Morphological and anatomical adaptations 5. Organs structure – Morphology and anatomy 5.1. Submerged Leaves: Structure and Adaptations 5.2. Floating Leaves: Structure and Adaptations 5.3. Emergent Leaves: Structure and Adaptations 5.4. Aeriferous Chambers: Characteristics and Function 5.5. Stem: Morphology and Anatomy 5.6. Root: Morphology and Anatomy 6. Economic importance 7. Importance to preserve wetland and wetlands plants Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary UNESCO – EOLSS Tropical ecosystems have a high diversity of environments, many of them with high seasonal influence. Tropical regions are richer in quantity and diversity of wetlands. Aquatic plants SAMPLEare widely distributed in theseCHAPTERS areas, represented by rivers, lakes, swamps, coastal lagoons, and others. These environments also occur in non tropical regions, but aquatic plant species diversity is lower than tropical regions. Colonization of bodies of water and wetland areas by aquatic plants was only possible due to the acquisition of certain evolutionary characteristics that enable them to live and reproduce in water. Aquatic plants have several habits, known as life forms that vary from emergent, floating-leaves, submerged free, submerged fixed, amphibian and epiphyte.
[Show full text]
Isolation of Leaf Protoplasts from the Submerged Aquatic Monocot Aponogeton Madagascariensis
® The Americas Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology ©2010 Global Science Books Isolation of Leaf Protoplasts from the Submerged Aquatic Monocot Aponogeton madagascariensis Christina E. N. Lord • Arunika H. L. A. N. Gunawardena* Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Aponogeton madagascariensis is the only aquatic plant which forms perforations in its leaves through a process known as programmed cell death (PCD). Although PCD can be studied in vivo, isolated protoplasts maintain many of the same physiological properties of the intact plant and, due to their accessibility and reduced complexity, make ideal research tools to investigate plant processes including PCD. The conditions for the isolation of protoplasts from the lace plant were examined. Several factors including leaf age, carbohydrate source, and enzyme incubation time all significantly influenced protoplast yield and viability from lace plant tissue. Viable protoplasts were successfully isolated from leaf tissue approximately 1 month in age, using an enzyme mixture comprised of 2% w/v cellulase onozuka R10 and 0.5% pectolyase Y-23 dissolved in 0.005 M MES and 0.6 M sorbitol, pH 5.5. Approximately 60.35 ± 1.08 x 105 protoplasts/g fresh weight, with a viability of 92.75 ± 2.25%, were obtained from 4 hour isolations in the dark. Following successful isolation, these lace plant protoplasts can be used as an excellent model system for the study of environmentally induced PCD and can provide the first ever opportunity to compare this form of PCD with its developmentally regulated counterpart within one species of plant.
[Show full text]