Reclaiming Española
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NEWS & VIEWS FROM THE SUSTAINABLE SOUTHWEST RECLAIMING Española Sustaining Our Local Economies CULTIVATING A FUTURE: Where Do We Go From Here? History of the Northern Valley of the Río Grande March 2014 NORTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO’S LARGEST CIRCULATION NEWSPAPER Vol. 6 No. 3 2 Green Fire Times • March 2014 www.GreenFireTimes.com www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • March 2014 3 4 Green Fire Times • March 2014 www.GreenFireTimes.com Vol. 6, No. 3 •March 2014 Issue No. 59 PUBLISHER Green Fire Publishing, LLC Skip Whitson NEWS & VIEWS FROM THE SUSTAINABLE SOUTHWEST ASSoCiAte PubLiSher Winner of the Sustainable Santa Fe Award for Outstanding Educational Project barbara e. brown ONTENTS editor-iN-ChieF C Seth roffman TEWA PUEBLOS, SPANISH VILLAGES, OFFICIAL VILLA AND RAILROAD TOWN: ASSoCiAte editor Alejandro López THE HISTORY OF THE NOrtHERN VALLEY OF THE RIO GRANDE IN NEW MEXICO . ..7 Art direCtor REFLECTIONS ON THE ESPAÑOLA PLAZA. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 Anna C. hansen, dakini design Book Profiles: esPañola • recognizing Heritage .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8, 11 CoPy editor Stephen Klinger HONORING THE SPIRIT OF THE ESPAÑOLA VALLEY: A TEWA PERSPECTIVE . .. .. .. .. 13 WebMASter: Karen Shepherd CULTIVATING A FUTURE: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?. 14 CoNtributiNG WriterS TIErrA SAGRADA . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 Vickie downey, Clarissa A. durán, thomas h. Guthrie, W. Azul La Luz, Alejandro López, WHAT DOES PUBLIC HEALTH LOOK LIKE IN ESPAÑOLA? . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 Christopher Madrid, Marlo r. Martínez, Matthew J. Martínez, Susan Meredith, roger HISPANOS IN THE VALLEY OF SOrrOWS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Montoya, hilario romero, Seth roffman, Laura RECLAIMING ESPAÑOLA. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 e. Sánchez, Arturo Sandoval, Kim Shanahan, Ana Malinalli X. Gutierrez Sisneros, renée Villarreal LIVING THE DREAM OF COOPERATION AND FRIENDSHIP. 22 CoNtributiNG LOVE IN THE VALLEY OF INFINITY . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 PhotoGrAPherS Anna C. hansen, Alejandro López, THE ESPAÑOLA HUNTER ArtS & AGRICULTURAL CENTER AND COmmUNITY MURAL PROJECT .. 25 Seth roffman SUSTAINING OUR LOCAL ECONOMIES . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 PubLiSher’S ASSiStANtS OP-ED: RETHINKING NOrtHERN NEW MEXICO COLLEGE . 29 Lisa Allocco, Cisco Whitson-brown, Susan Clair ACADEMY OF SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION PLANNED FOR SANTA FE .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 oFFiCe ASSiStANtS 2014 NEW MEXICO LEGISLATIVE WRAP-UP .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 Camille Franchette, Claire Ayraud NEWSBITES . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10, 13, 25, 37 AdVertiSiNG SALeS Skip Whitson 505.471.5177 WHAT’S GOING ON. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 [email protected] Anna C. hansen 505.982.0155 [email protected] Lloyd Santiago Covens 505.236.8348 [email protected] diStributioN ESPAÑOLA — A MIcrocoSM OF OUR REGION Lisa Allocco, barbara brown, Susan Clair, Co-op dist. Services, Joe Fatton, Nick García, Andy spañola is a microcosm of the wide border region of Mexico and the United States. It is the quintessential otterstrom (Creative Couriers), tony rapatz, Wuilmer rivera, Andrew tafoya, Skip Whitson, meeting place, albeit a chaotic and embattled one, of Latin American and Anglo civilizations. It is also the John Woodie traditionalE homeland of the Tewa Pueblo people and their millennial civilization, which continue to honor the CirCuLAtioN earth, its plants and animals, as well as the seen and unseen forces of the universe. 27,000 copies Printed locally with 100% soy ink on No landscape could be 100% recycled, chlorine-free paper more beautiful or befitting GreeN Fire tiMeS of this epic intersection. c/o the Sun Companies The valley is flanked by the Po box 5588 Santa Fe, NM 87502-5588 reposing blue mountains of 505.471.5177 • [email protected] the Jémez and the towering © 2014 Green Fire Publishing, LLC grey stone Truchas Peaks. Green Fire Times provides useful information The Río Chama and Río for anyone—community members, business people, Grande come together here students, visitors—interested in discovering the to irrigate the valley and © Alejandro López wealth of opportunities and resources available in our region. Knowledgeable writers provide articles quicken it to life. on subjects ranging from green businesses, products, services, entrepreneurship, jobs, design, building, In Española these civilizations coexist, merge or clash, and retreat. Its earth, buildings and people bear the bruises energy and investing—to sustainable agriculture, and scars of the collision of worlds, the huge social changes and economic disparities. Not withstanding, Española’s arts & culture, ecotourism, education, regional food, water, the healing arts, local heroes, native greatest treasure is its towa, gente, people. In a world of perpetual cycles, the seed of their future is just now beginning perspectives and more. Sun Companies publications to germinate, soon to flower. This is indeed cause for the continued cultivation of its soul and its soil. seek to provide our readers with informative articles that support a more sustainable planet. To our LEJANDro ÓPEZ ASSocIATE EDITOR publisher this means maximizing personal as well as A L , environmental health by minimizing consumption of meat and alcohol. GFT is widely distributed VIEW OF SPAÑOLA FEBRUarY 2014 PHOTO BY LEJANDro ÓPEZ throughout north-central New Mexico. Feedback, COVER: A E , . A L announcements, event listings, advertising and article submissions to be considered for publication Green Fire Times is not to be confused with the Green Fire Report, an in-house quarterly publication of the New are welcome. Mexico Environmental Law Center. The NMELC can be accessed online at: www.nmelc.org . www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • March 2014 5 6 Green Fire Times • March 2014 www.GreenFireTimes.com Tewa Pueblos, Spanish Villages, Official Villa and Railroad Town THE HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN VALLEY OF THE RÍO GRANDE IN NEW MEXICO HILARIO Romero o historian can write an accurate account of the area known today as the (as they were called during “Española Valley” without including the early ancestors of the Tewa Pueblo this time), providing detailed IndiansN and the centuries before their eventual migration to this lush valley in the information on their agriculture, 1200s. After all, the city of Española is located on the Pueblo Land Grants of both economy and customs, from Okeh’Owingue and Kha’P’oo’Owingue (San Juan and Santa Clara pueblos). Also, Zacatecas north to Tuah Tah the abandoned village of “La Cañada,” which was a small ranching village since the (Taos Pueblo). Soon the valley 1600s, was repopulated by the Tano people who migrated there from San Lázaro would accommodate a new and San Cristóbal pueblos. Fifteen years after the Great Pueblo Revolt, La Villa de group of pioneers searching for Santa Cruz de la Cañada de los Españoles Mejicanos was re-founded, in 1695, as the a fresh start on life, who were seat of government for all of northern New Mexico. willing to make many sacrifices to survive in this special place. And as we approach the year 1880, a railroad stop on the Denver and Río Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) was established after the pueblos of Okeh’ Owingue, In 1595, Rey Felipe II de Kha’P’oo’Owingue and the D&RGW negotiated a right-of-way. This railroad station España (King Phillip II of would be later named after “la Española” (the Spanish lady) who opened a restaurant Spain) approved a request from next to the station. From 1880 forward, the station and the town that grew around Antonio Mendoza, Virrey de this right-of-way would be known by that name. It would extend, eventually, to the Nueva España (vice-king of old villages of La Mesilla and San Pedro to the south, Okeh’Owingue and Los Ranchos México) to settle La Frontera del to the north, Santa Cruz de la Cañada to the east, and La Vega de los Vigiles to the west. Norte de la Nueva España (later to be called “Nuevo Méjico”). CONTEXT OF A COMPLEX COMMUNITY The Virrey set up a bidding People had been traveling through and creating communities in and around the process to establish a colony and to secure an “Adelantado”—a wealthy individual spacious northern Río Grande valley for many centuries prior to the arrival of the with leadership skills—to organize and equip (at the Adelantado’s own expense) a first Spanish explorers. The first peoples were the Clovis pre-Cochise hunters and large group of soldier-colonists who agreed to undertake a long, dangerous journey gatherers, followed by the Cochise peoples, who domesticated the turkey and dog to a distant land and settle among local tribal residents. Juan de Oñate’s bid was and began to develop agriculture. These Pueblo ancestors fished in what we now call chosen, and he was named the Adelantado to lead the colonists north in search of the Río Grande, hunted in the bosque del río, and followed the game that lived in this a suitable place to settle. valley to the vast pastures above in all directions. The early ancestors were the first to trade with the people of Méjico who passed through this valley. Subsequently, their Oñate’s soldiers arrived in July 1598 at Okeh’Owingue and set up camp in the south knowledge was carried on to the Anasazi, who slowly migrated into the Tsama (now plaza. Following the harsh winter, Oñate moved the colony to the other side of the known as Chama) and Ojo Caliente valleys where they established pueblos along Río del Norte at Yuqueyungue. They built a small plaza and church near the site, but the Río Tsama and Río Ojo Caliente. They came from Mesa Verde (now southwestern the community struggled because of Oñate’s constant absence and neglect due to Colorado) and the Azteca Pueblo northeast of Farmington. They moved onward his hunger for gold, silver and other precious metals. This was demonstrated when and settled at Tsi’Ping, Poshuwengueh and Kah’p’oo’in’ko’hu’u (Leaf Water) on the the colonists at Okeh’Owingue ran out of staples and were fed by the Tewas in the Río Tsama and established other smaller sites that extended north to Posi’owengueh fall of 1598.