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Caravanserais in the Golden Horde by Emma D ISSN 2152-7237 (print) ISSN 2153-2060 (online) The Silk Road Volume 15 2017 Contents From the Editor’s Desk: Hail and Farewell ......……………………………………………………….. iii Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………………………... ix Raising the Alarm: Defensive Communication Networks and the Silk Roads through Wakhan and Chitral by John Mock ………………………………………………………………………………….………. 1 Caravanserais in the Golden Horde by Emma D. Zilivinskaia ……………………………………………………………………..…..… 13 Sasanian Bishapur and Its Rock Reliefs: A Photo Essay by Daniel C. Waugh ……………………………………………………………………..…....………. 32 The Silk Road and the Economy of Gaochang: Evidence on the Circulation of Silver Coins by Pei Chengguo 裴成国 ………………………………………………………………………………. 39 The Central Asian Ties of a Tenth-Century Muslim Ruler in Egypt by Jere L. Bacharach ………………………………………………………………………………… 59 Décor of the 8th-century Turkic Rulers’ Residence in the Citadel of Kulan Town by Serik Sh. Akylbek, Erbulat A. Smagulov, and Sergey A. Yatsenko ….....………………… 65 Light on the Liao: A Photo Essay by Daniel C. Waugh ………………………………………………………………………………… 83 Tamed by Religion: Centaurs in Gandhara. A Unique Sculpted Necklace of a Gandharan Schist Bodhisattva Maitreya in the Asian Art Museum, San Francisco by Ulf Jäger ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 107 An Analysis of the Early Unified Silla Bas-relief of Pearl-roundel, Tree of Life, Peacocks, and Lion from the Gyeongju National Museum, Korea by Hongnam Kim ......……………………………………………………………………………. 116 A Relic from Samarkand in the Urals by Rustam Ganiev, Anton Kochnev, Konstantin Anikin and Nikolai Neuimin ………... 134 The Tumu Incident and the Chinggisid Legacy in Inner Asia by Johan Elverskog …………...………………………………………………………………… 142 Continued “The Bridge between Eastern and Western Cultures” Exploring the Origins of Horse Herding and Riding in the Mongolian Steppe by William Taylor, Tumurbaatar Tuvshinjargal, and Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan …….…..…..…. 153 Symposia reports: Short report on the symposium ‘From Khotan to Dunhuang—Case Studies of History and Art along the Silk Road,’ held 13–14 June 2017 at the Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary by Lilla Russell-Smith …………………………………………………………………………….. 156 ‘Art and Archaeology of the Silk Road,’ a symposium held 11–13 October 2017, at Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA by Daniel C. Waugh …………………………………………………………………………… 157 On-line resources (by Daniel C. Waugh) ………………………………………………………………………… 159 Two at Oxford Gary Lee Todd’s World History Photos Dick Osseman’s Pictures of Turkey, Syria and Jordan Reviews (by Daniel C. Waugh) von Folsach and Meyer, The Human Figure in Islamic Art …………………………………………… 163 Russell-Smith and Konczak-Nagel, eds. The Ruins of Kocho ………………………………………… 167 Munshi Abdul Rahim: Forgotten Hero of the Great Game (rev. of Kreutzmann, Wakhan Quadrangle) … 171 Short notices ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 173 Dähne. Karabalgasun—Stadt der Nomaden. Die archäologischen Aus Allinger, et al., eds. Interaction in the Himalayas and Central Asia: Pro- grabungen in der frühuigurischen Hauptstadt 2009-2011. cesses of Transfer, Translation and Transformation in Art, Archaeology, Religion and Polity. Wang. Maṇḍalas in the Making: The Visual Culture of Esoteric Bud- dhism at Dunhuang. Altai v krugu evraziiskikh drevnostei. Derevianko and Molodin, eds. [The following written/compiled by Daniel C. Waugh] Dvurechenskaia. Terrakotovaia plastika drevneishikh gosudarstv Sred- nei Azii IV v. do n. e. – IV v. n. e. Hansen. The Silk Road. A New History with Documents. Kozlov. Dnevniki Mongolo-Sychuan’skoi ekspeditsii 1907–1909, Frankopan. The Silk Roads. A New History of the World. Iusupova et al., eds. Jackson. The Mongols and the Islamic World from Conquest and Svobodová. Iranian and Hellenistic Architectural Elements in Chinese Conversion. Art. Khautala. Ot “Davida, tsaria Indii” do “nenavistnogo plebsa satany”. Asian Archaeology. Published by the Research Center for Chinese Antologiia rannikh latinskikh svedenii o tataro-mongolakh. Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University. Burns. Aleppo: A History. Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology 7/2012 [2016]. Biedrońska-Słota and Görlich, eds. Textiles of the Silk Road. Design and Decorative Techniques: From Far East to Europe. Contents of The Silk Road, Vols. 1-15 (2003-2017) …………………………………………………………… 181 A postscript (notes and images): Water by Daniel C. Waugh …………………………………………………………………………………… 187 Cover: This mosaic embodies images from the current volume of the journal. The decorative frame is based the archaeological drawing made at Kulan by Serik Akylbek. Some of the rosettes are ones from that site; most of the rest have been copied from illustrations to other essays. The photo in the center is the White Pagoda at Qingzhou. ii From the Editor’s Desk, shown here in a candid photograph taken 17 January 2018 HAIL AND FAREWELL et me begin with the shorter and easier task, in- L troducing the new editor of The Silk Road, before indulging in a somewhat discursive personal retro- spective regarding the history of this publication and my involvement in it. Beginning with the next volume for 2018 (its exact several of his courses, with posts of new material once publication schedule to be determined), the editor of or twice a week over the upcoming year or so. The Silk Road will be Justin Jacobs. Submissions and Of course, passing the torch is not necessarily a com- other correspondence regarding that volume and fortable prospect, but I do so with the confidence that subsequent ones should be addressed to him, not to Justin brings to the task the qualities needed to take me. Any material still sent to me will be forwarded to the journal well on in the 21st century. His introduc- him, he will set the guidelines for submissions, and tion to the Silk Road and the history of the “Great determine what will be published. Another significant Game” (of which the Western archaeological explo- change connected with this transition is that the jour- ration of Inner Asia was part) came in some of my nal will no longer be printed in hard copy after the courses. In both our cases, broad teaching interests current number. It will continue to appear as an on- have served as a stimulus to our developing fascina- line, open access publication, but with a new Internet tion with the history of the silk roads (among other address. See the details below on p. x. things, he now teaches a course on the historiography Justin M. Jacobs is Associate Professor of History at of the Silk Road). I began at a further remove than he, American University in what we in the Seattle area and still contribute to the study of early modern Rus- refer to (with some angst these days) as “the other sian history. Justin is already way ahead of me in his Washington,” in the District of Columbia. Though he mastery of the digital media of the new age, whose was trained primarily as a historian of modern China, creative employment should help this publication to his work on the political history of twentieth-centu- reach new audiences in the way that had been intend- ry Xinjiang also led him into the study of foreign ar- ed from the start. While I have brought to the task a chaeological expeditions along the Silk Road during good knowledge of Russian (of benefit to the many the late Qing and Republican eras. His first book, who cannot access the huge amount of important Xinjiang and the Modern Chinese State (University of scholarship in that language), Justin brings to the jour- Washington, 2016), analyzed the political strategies nal something it has long needed, an editor who has a adopted by successive Han governors of Xinjiang af- command of Chinese. If called on, I intend to continue ter the 1911 revolution to maintain Chinese control to help with Russian translation. He combines excel- over this non-Han borderland. He is currently writing lent scholarship with an enthusiastic commitment to a second monograph, “The Compensations of Plun- broad public education. der: How China Lost Its Treasures,” which examines It will be up to him to establish where the journal Chinese and Uighur responses to foreign archaeolo- will go in the years ahead. While not attempting to gists and seeks to answer the question of why so many influence unduly what he will decide, I would like to cultural artifacts ended up in Western museums. In review here where we have been —how this publica- preparation for this project, he has developed a multi- tion emerged, what its goals have been and should, I media scholarly outreach program, “Indiana Jones in trust, continue to be, and what I would hope readers History,” that includes college-level courses, regular might agree we have managed to accomplish. To do public speaking engagements, a free twenty-one part this, I draw on an incomplete collection of old e-mails, documentary series (available on Youtube and Indi- which contain inspiration as well as some words of anaJonesInHistory.com), and a companion book, In- caution for others who are considering taking on the diana Jones in History: From Pompeii to the Moon (Pulp responsibilities of editing. Hero Press, 2017). He also hosts a podcast, “Beyond My involvement with the programs of the Silkroad Huaxia” (available on iTunes), which he describes Foundation began in 1998 by attending one of its first as “a college-level history of East Asia, minus debt, summer institutes in China, a program to study Bud- dorms, and diplomas.” It will draw on material from dhist art at the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In keeping Copyright © 2017 Daniel C. Waugh The Silk Road 15 (2017): iii – viii iii Copyright © 2017 The Silkroad Foundation with the Foundation’s commitment to public educa- might be strong-armed into occasionally taking tion, the goal of such programs has been to provide on editorial responsibilities. an educational opportunity for students and faculty By autumn, in a flurry of exchanges about the work who wished either to deepen their knowledge in an of my student assistant on “Silk Road Seattle” (Lance already-familiar area or broaden it. For me, this was Jenott, now a Princeton Ph.D., who teaches at Wash- a plunge into a new world, since I had committed to ington University in St.
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