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The Structure and Stratigraphy of Gravina and Revillagigedo Islands, Alaska ·

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The Structure and Stratigraphy of Gravina and Revillagigedo Islands, Alaska · DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director PROFESSIONAL PAPER 120-D THE STRUCTURE AND STRATIGRAPHY OF GRAVINA AND REVILLAGIGEDO ISLANDS, ALASKA · BY THEODORE CHAPIN Published August 22, 1918 Shorter contributions to general geology, 1918 (Pages 83-100) WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT P'.lUNTING OFFICE • 1018 \ \ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ~EORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Professional Paper.J20-D , THE STRUCTURE AND STRATIGRAPHY. OF GRAVINA ·AND REVILLAGIGEDO. ISLANDS, ALASKA BY THEODORE CHAPIN Published August 22, 1918 Shorter contributions to general geology, 1918 (Pages 83-100) WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFI'OE •• 1918· • .CONTENTS. Page. Page. Introduction .. _...... -.- ... --- ....... -.------~--- 83 Triassic rocks-Continued. Scope of paper _____ : _______________________ _ . 83 Origin_ . _. : ______________ . _. _... ______ : _____ _ 91 Location. __ -·-----._-----.---:----------------- 83 Age and correlation. __________ . _____________ _ 92 Surface features. ____________________ - ______ : .. 84 Upper Triassic or Jurassic rqck~-. _. ____ .___ . ______ . 95 Physiographic provinces. __________ . __ ~ __ .. 84 Distribution .. ____ .... _.......... _._·-.- .. __ ._ .. 95 Gravina Island ____________________ ~ ____ _ 85 Character and stratigraphic relations. __ . ______ . 95 Revillagigedo Island _________ . __ ....... ' .. 85 Structure. _~ _. : __ .. __ . _______ . ___ " __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 96 Summary of formations and structure ___ ......... 85 Origin._. _____ . ________ ._. ____ _' ______________ _ 96 Devonian rocks .... ·_ ..... ______________ ......... 87 Age and correlation._~ ________ . _____________ _ 96 Vallenar formation. ____ :? _________ •••••••••••• · 87 Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous rocks. ________ _ 07 Distribution and character ___ ._ ......... 87 ·Distribution and character .. ____ .. ___ ·_______ _ 97 Structure and stratigraphy _____ ......... 87 Stratigraphic relations.~ ___ -.~ ____ . ___________ _ 98 Age and correlation.·._. ________ .. _______ _ 88 Structure_ . _____ ~. __ .. __ . __________________ _ 9.8 Carboniferous rocks .. _. ______________ ............ 88 Origin ______________ .- ~ ______ .______________ . __ , 98 Beds included. _________ . _________________ ·__ _ 88 Age and correlation._. _________ . _______ : ____ _ 98 Dist~ibution and character _______ ........... 88 Tertiary rocks. _______________ ._ .. __ . __ .. ________ . 99 Structure and stratigraphic relations. _....... 88 Quaternary rocks .... ____ . ________ .. __ .. ________ _ 99 Age and correlation. _____________ ._ .. _______ _ 89 · Glacial deposits.~ ______ .. __ . _. ____ .. __ . ______ . 99 Triassic rocks ............ __. __ : ______ .. -. -. -.... 89 Distribution and character ___ . _: .. _~ ____ _ 99 ~e-ds includecL _. ______ . _. __ ... ____ : ________ _ 89 Age and correlation. _________ . __ .. ______ : 99 Distribution and character _____________ .. ____ . 90 Marine gravels .. _. __ : _. _. ____ .. ____________ _ 99 Structure __ - - _-- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - __ ------------ 91 Intrusive rocks .. ______________ . ______ _. ___ : ______ _ 99 Stratigraphic rela:tions. _______________ ~ ___ : __ _ 91 ILLUSTRATIONS .. Page. Page. ·PLATE VIII. A, Wave-cut ·bench, Dall Bay, F:rGuRE 10. Map of southeastern Alaska showing Gravina Island, Alaska; B, Con­ position of Gravina and Revillagi.: glomerate, Blank Inlet, Gravina · gedo islands ............. _______ . _. 83 Island; C, Slate and graywacke, 11. Geologic sketch map of Gravina Island Blank . Inlet, Gravina Island; and a part of Revillagigedo Island, D, Anticline on Vallenar Bay, Alaska. _____ ..... _., ... - -- .....'-- .. 84. Gravina Island ________ ·___ ..· ___ . __ _ 88. 12. Structure section across Gravina and Revillagigedo islahcls, Alaska. ___ . 87 II •• • \ THE STRUCTURE AND STRATIGRAPHY OF GRAVINA AND REVILLAGIGEDO ISLANDS, ALASKA. By. THEODORE CHAPIN. INTRODUCTION. LOCATION. SCOPE OF PAPER. The area under discussion is included within . This paper is intended to supplement a .the Ketchikan district, which lies in the south­ report by Philip S. Smith1 on the same region. ern part of southe~stern Alaska, the panhandle The finding on Gravina Island of Triassic fossils, which previously had been reported from but one other . locality · in southeastern Alaska, made his paper of par- . ticular interest. Since the pub­ lication of . Smith's report ·the writer has had the opportunity to make further studies and to gather additional data on the structure and stratigraphy of the rocks of Gravina Island and adjacent re- sa 1~~----l---~~-,;!~~~~ gions. The discovery of fossils of ~C).,.... Jurassic or Cretaceous ~ge has ~, made possible smne changes in the ...-.~ geologic mapping and furnished the basis for· the interpretations which nre here presented,,not as C\ fi.nal conclusio~1s but as areasonab le s6r------L-\'\-----~~~~~Z--H~~~-n working hypothesis for future field ~ work. The structure and stratig- "t: raphy of . the rocks of Gravina Island are more clearly~nderstood by a consideration of their relatimi tO n..larger area including a part o~......__._,........... so_._'--'--_._1_._00 _____ 2~00 MILES · o~ Revillagigedo Island (fig~ 10) ... s"'C=====~k====~-...:.....+,;=4d2:::~===~~· ~rhis paper is a preliminary re- 138 134° port on an area in the southern FIGURE 10.-Map of southeastern Alaska showing position of Gravina and nevillagigedo part of the. Ketchikan district. islands. , A 1nore cmnplete report op. the whole district, strip of Alaska extending along the seaboard including a description of the mineral-resources, ~rom Mount Fairweather to Dixon Entrance. is now in preparation.. The accompanying Southeastern Alaska is composed of a mainland geologic sketch map (fig. 11) is drawn from the area and a fringe of islands known as Alexan-· field notes· of P. S. Smith and the writer. ' der Archipelago. The Ketchikan district lies wholly within the Pacific Mountain system, a· t Notes on t;,ho geology· of Gi'avina Island, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey I'rof. P,aper 95, pp. 97-105, 1915. · · geographic pr~vince which, . as defined by 83 84 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL . GEOI-'OGY, 1918. Brooks, 1 includes a broad zone of ranges form­ The dominating feature of the .mainland ing a concave •· belt parallel to the southern province is the Coas~ Range, a high mountain coast of Alaska. · mass with elevations of 7,000 to .8,000 feet. 2 SURFACE FEATUREs.· Bro·oks describes it as follows: PHYSIQGRAPHIC l?ROVIN.CES. The Coast Range extends froin near the boundary of Physi6graphically the Ketchikan district Washington northward through British Columbia into southeastern Alaska, where it lies partiy in Alaska and falls naturally into three main provinces. One partly.in Canadian territory. Following the coast line comprises essentially the mainland area and for nearly 900 miles it passes inland behind the St. Elias LEGEND BED.DED ROCKS. Prpbably Triassic slates ard phyllites wit~ ir:t­ trUSIVe quartz d1onte r REVILLAGIGEDO ~ lta:.JI- ISLAND }~! Conglomerate,slate,=. :~~~~ an~cke JrH" ~ :::l<(:::l Gceen[ffi slate ~, · Slate,sandstone,lime- ~ stone,and phyllite _g~ ~~ Limestone• 1-~ 0 ~g. Con[][[]]glomerate }~~ 011)0 Crysta!line schi~t ~~~ Va~l~:i;~~~r.~~on(Conglomerate,l/me- }t0 ANNETTE stone, and shale) INTRUSIVE. ROCKS IS LAND - . Quartz diorite and granite 0 Strike and dip 131'40' 5E:::3:=:::E:::::::3=:::E~Oc=:=:=:=:=:=:=:j5:=:=:=:=:=:=::==310 MILES FIGURE H.-Geologic sketch map of Gravina Island and a part of Revillagigedo Island, Alaska. adjacent islands. It includes the Qoast Range Range near the head of Lynn Canal. Thence it can be al}d may be denominated the Coast Range or traced northward, decreasing in altitude anCl gradually losing definition until it finally "merges with the interior .mainland ptovince. The eastern or Prince of plateau near Lake Kluane, in longitude 130° 30'. This Wales Province comprises Prince of-Wales Is­ range has no well-defined crest line but is rather a com­ land and the islands to the west. Between plex of irregular mountain masses occupying a coastal these two mountainous areas lies · an inter­ strip between the Pacific Ocean and the Central Plateau mont.a:iJ.e lowland province including Clarencec region. Strait, Revillagigedo Channel, and Behm Canal The Prince of Wales physiographic province andlow-lying areas alorig their shores. · is dominated by a . complex group .of short, 1 Brooks, A. H., Preliminary report on the Ketchili:an mining district, 2 Drooks, A. H., The geography and geology of Alaska: U. S. Geol. Alaska: U. S. Gcol. Survey Prof. Paper 1, p. 14, 1902. Survey Prof. Paper 45, p. 28, 1906. GRAVINA AND REVILLAGIGEDO ISLANDSJ ALASK~. 85 · rugged ranges reaching elevations of about Gravina Island lies alorig the border line 4,000 feet. In the northern part of the Alex­ between the Coast Range and lowland prov­ ander Archipelago these are· not sharply dif­ inces. Two low ranges of hills, the Oa]ifornia ·ferentiated from ·the Coast .Range and were Range and Dall Ridge, extend across the entire regarded by Bi.·~o]~s as a southeastern extension island fro~ northwest to southeast. Dall of the .St. Elias· Range.1 In the Ketchikan Ridge reaches a maximum elevation of about district, however, as has been pointed out, the 2,000 'feet,· and California Range of over 2,500 Prince of vV ales mountainous region is quite feet. Between these two ranges of hills, ex­ distinct from the Coast Range, from which it is tending from
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