Reference list

Included studies

Adachi JD, Bensen WG, Bianchi F et al. (1996) and in the prevention of corticosteroid induced : a 3 year follow up. Journal of Rheumatology 23: 995–1000.

Adachi JD, Bensen WG, Brown J et al. (1997) Intermittent etidronate therapy to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 337: 382–7.

Adachi JD, Saag KG, Delmas PD et al. (2001) Two-year effects of alendronate on mineral density and vertebral fracture in patients receiving : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled extension trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 44: 202–11.

Adami S (2006) Protelos: nonvertebral and hip antifracture efficacy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 38: 23–7.

Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al. (2004) Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 291: 1701–12.

Avenell A, Grant AM, McGee M et al. (2004) The effects of an open design on trial participant recruitment, compliance and retention – a randomized controlled trial comparison with a blinded, placebo-controlled design. Clinical Trials 1:490– 8.

Bagger YZ, Tanko LB, Alexandersen P et al. (2004) Two to three years of hormone replacement treatment in healthy women have long-term preventive effects on bone mass and osteoporotic fractures: the PERF study. Bone 34: 728– 35.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 1 of 44 Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB et al. (1996) Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 348: 1535–41.

Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC et al. (2000) Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the Fracture Intervention Trial. FIT Research Group. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and 85: 4118–24 (erratum appears in Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86: 938).

Black DM, Greenspan SL, Ensrud KE et al. (2003) The effects of and alendronate alone or in combination in postmenopausal osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 349: 1207–15.

Black DM, Bilezikian JP, Ensrud KE et al. (2005) One year of alendronate after one year of parathyroid hormone (1-84) for osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 353: 555–65.

Black DM, Schwartz AV, Ensrud KE et al. (2006) Effects of continuing or stopping alendronate after 5 years of treatment: the Fracture Intervention Trial Long-term Extension (FLEX): a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 296: 2927–38.

Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R et al. (2007) Once-yearly for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 356: 1809–22.

Bone HG, Downs RW Jr, Tucci JR et al. (1997) Dose-response relationships for alendronate treatment in osteoporotic elderly women. Alendronate Elderly Osteoporosis Study Centers. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82: 265–74.

Bone HG, Greenspan SL, McKeever C et al. (2000) Alendronate and estrogen effects in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 2 of 44 Alendronate/Estrogen Study Group. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85: 720–6.

Bone HG, Hosking D, Devogelaer JP et al. (2004) Ten years' experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. New England Journal of Medicine 350: 1189–99.

Bonnick S, Saag KG, Kiel DP et al. (2006) Comparison of weekly treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with alendronate versus risedronate over two years. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 91:2631–7.

Boonen S, Marin F, Mellstrom D et al. (2006) Safety and efficacy of in elderly women with established osteoporosis: bone anabolic therapy from a geriatric perspective. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54: 782–9.

Campbell IA, Douglas JG, Francis RM et al. (2004) Five year study of etidronate and/or calcium as prevention and treatment for osteoporosis and fractures in patients with asthma receiving long term oral and/or inhaled glucocorticoids. Thorax 59:761–8.

Carfora E, Sergio F, Bellini P et al. (1998) Effect of treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with continuous daily oral alendronate and the incidence of fractures. Gazzetta Medica Italiana – Archivio Per Le Scienze Mediche 157: 105– 9.

Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F et al. (1992) Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women. New England Journal of Medicine 327:1637– 42.

Chapuy MC, Pamphile R, Paris E et al. (2002) Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation in elderly women: confirmation of reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and risk: the Decalyos II study. Osteoporosis International 13:257–64.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 3 of 44 Chesnut-III CH, Silverman S, Andriano K et al. (2000) A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: The prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. American Journal of Medicine 109: 267–76.

Chesnut-III CH, Skag A, Christiansen C et al. (2004) Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19:1241–9.

Chesnut CH, Ettinger MP, Miller PD et al. (2005) Ibandronate produces significant, similar antifracture efficacy in North American and European women: new clinical findings from BONE. Current Medical Research and Opinion 21:391– 401.

Chevalley T, Rizzoli R, Nydegger V et al. (1994) Effects of calcium supplements on femoral bone mineral density and vertebral fracture rate in vitamin-D-replete elderly patients. Osteoporosis International 4: 245–52.

Cohen S, Levy RM, Keller M et al. (1999) Risedronate therapy prevents corticosteroid-induced bone loss: a twelve-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Arthritis and Rheumatism 42: 2309–18.

Cortet B, Hachulla E, Barton I et al. (1999) Evaluation of the efficacy of etidronate therapy in preventing -induced bone loss in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. A randomized study. Revue Du Rhumatisme 66:214–9.

Cosman F, Nieves J, Woelfert L et al. (2001) Parathyroid hormone added to established hormone therapy: effects on vertebral fracture and maintenance of bone mass after parathyroid hormone withdrawal. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16: 925–31.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 4 of 44 Cosman F, Nieves J, Zion M et al. (2005) Daily and cyclic parathyroid hormone in women receiving alendronate. New England Journal of Medicine 353: 566–75.

Crans GG, Silverman SL, Genant HK et al. (2004) Association of severe vertebral fractures with reduced quality of life: reduction in the incidence of severe vertebral fractures by teriparatide. Arthritis and Rheumatism 50: 4028–34.

Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE et al. (1998) Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 280: 2077–82.

Dawson HB, Harris SS, Krall EA et al. (1997) Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. New England Journal of Medicine 337:670–6.

Delmas PD, Recker RR, Chesnut CH et al. (2004) Daily and intermittent oral ibandronate normalize bone turnover and provide significant reduction in vertebral fracture risk: results from the BONE study. Osteoporosis International 15:792–8.

Delmas PD, Adami S, Strugala C et al. (2006) Intravenous ibandronate injections in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: one-year results from the dosing intravenous administration study. Arthritis and Rheumatism 54:1838–46.

Dempster DW, Cosman F, Kurland ES et al. (2001) Effects of daily treatment with parathyroid hormone on bone microarchitecture and turnover in patients with osteoporosis: a paired biopsy study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16: 1846–53.

Dursun N, Dursun E, Yalcin S (2001) Comparison of alendronate, calcitonin and calcium treatments in postmenopausal osteoporosis. International Journal of Clinical Practice 55: 505–9.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 5 of 44 Ebeling PR, Wark JD, Yeung S et al. (2001) Effects of calcitriol or calcium on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and fractures in men with primary osteoporosis: a two-year randomized, double blind, double placebo study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86: 4098–103.

Eisman JA, Civitelli R, Adami S et al. (2008) Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous ibandronate injections in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2-year results from the DIVA study. Journal of Rheumatology 35: 488–97.

Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH et al. (1999) Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with : Results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 282: 637–45.

Evio S, Tiitinen A, Laitinen K et al. (2004) Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone and in combination, on bone mass and markers of bone turnover in elderly women with osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89: 626–31.

Falch JA, Odegaard OR, Finnanger AM et al. (1987) Postmenopausal osteoporosis: no effect of three years treatment with 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol. Acta Medica Scandinavica 221: 199–204.

Felsenberg D, Miller P, Armbrecht G et al. (2005) Oral ibandronate significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures of greater severity after 1, 2, and 3 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 37: 651–4.

Fogelman I, Ribot C, Smith R et al. (2000) Risedronate reverses bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: results from a multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMD-MN Study Group. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85: 1895–900.

Frisoli A, Chaves PH, Pinheiro MM et al. (2005) The effect of nandrolone decanoate on bone mineral density, muscle mass, and hemoglobin levels in

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 6 of 44 elderly women with osteoporosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 60: 648–53.

Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, Recker RR et al. (1989) The effect of calcitriol on patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with special reference to fracture frequency. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 191: 287–92.

Gallagher JC, Fowler SE, Detter JR et al. (2001) Combination treatment with estrogen and calcitriol in the prevention of age-related bone loss. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86: 3618–28.

Gallagher JC, Genant HK, Crans GG et al. (2005) Teriparatide reduces the fracture risk associated with increasing number and severity of osteoporotic fractures. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90: 1583–7.

Gallagher JC, Rosen CJ, Chen P et al. (2006) Response rate of bone mineral density to teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 39: 1268–75.

Genant HK, Siris E, Crans GG et al. (2005) Reduction in vertebral fracture risk in teriparatide-treated postmenopausal women as assessed by spinal deformity index. Bone 37: 170–4.

Geusens P, Dequeker J (1986) Long-term effect of nandrolone decanoate, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 or intermittent calcium infusion therapy on bone mineral content, and fracture rate in symptomatic osteoporosis: a double-blind controlled study. Bone and Mineral 1: 347–57.

Geusens P, Dequeker J, Vanhoof J et al. (1998) Cyclical etidronate increases bone density in the spine and hip of postmenopausal women receiving long term corticosteroid treatment. A double blind, randomised placebo controlled study Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 57: 724–7.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 7 of 44 Grant AM, Avenell A, Campbell MK et al. (2005) Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 365: 1621–8.

Greenspan SL, Resnick NM, Parker RA (2003) Combination therapy with hormone replacement and alendronate for prevention of bone loss in elderly women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 289: 2525–33.

Greenspan SL, Bone HG, Ettinger MP (2007) Effect of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) on vertebral fracture and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 146: 326–39.

Greenspan SL, Schneider DL, McClung MR et al. (2002) Alendronate improves bone mineral density in elderly women with osteoporosis residing in long-term care facilities. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 136: 742–6.

Hansson T, Roos B (1987) The effect of fluoride and calcium on spinal bone mineral content: a controlled, prospective (3 years) study. Calcified Tissue International 40: 315–7.

Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK et al. (1999) Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 282: 1344–52.

Harwood RH, Sahota O, Gaynor K et al. (2004) A randomised, controlled comparison of different calcium and vitamin D supplementation regimens in elderly women after hip fracture: The Nottingham Neck of Femur (NONOF) Study. Age and Ageing 33: 45–51.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 8 of 44 Herd RJ, Balena R, Blake GM et al. (1997) The prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss by cyclical etidronate therapy: a 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Medicine 103: 92–9.

Herrington DM, Reboussin DM, Brosnihan KB et al. (2000) Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 343: 522–9.

Hochberg MC, Thompson DE, Black DM et al. (2005) Effect of alendronate on the age-specific incidence of symptomatic osteoporotic fractures. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 20: 971–6.

Hooper MJ, Ebeling PR, Roberts AP et al. (2005) Risedronate prevents bone loss in early postmenopausal women: a prospective randomized, placebo- controlled trial. Climacteric 8: 251–62.

Hosking D, Chilvers CE, Christiansen C et al. (1998) Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine 338: 485–92.

Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M et al. (2006) Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. New England Journal of Medicine 354: 669–83.

Jenkins EA, Walker-Bone KE, Wood A et al. (1999) The prevention of corticosteroid-induced bone loss with intermittent cyclical etidronate. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 28: 152–6.

Jiang Y, Zhao JJ, Mitlak BH et al. (2003) Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [teriparatide] improves both cortical and cancellous bone structure. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 18: 1932–41.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 9 of 44 Kaufman JM, Orwoll E, Goemaere S et al. (2005) Teriparatide effects on vertebral fractures and bone mineral density in men with osteoporosis: treatment and discontinuation of therapy. Osteoporosis International 16: 510–6.

Komulainen MH, Kröger H, Tuppurainen MT et al. (1998) HRT and Vitamin D in prevention of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women; a 5 year randomized trial. Maturitas 31: 45–54.

Kurland ES, Cosman F, McMahon DJ et al. (2000) Parathyroid hormone as a therapy for idiopathic osteoporosis in men: effects on bone mineral density and bone markers. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85: 3069–76.

Lane NE, Sanchez S, Modin GW et al. (1998) Parathyroid hormone treatment can reverse corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Investigation 102: 1627–33.

Lane NE, Sanchez S, Genant HK et al. (2000) Short-term increases in bone turnover markers predict parathyroid hormone-induced spinal bone mineral density gains in postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 11: 434-42.

Lane NE, Sanchez S, Modin GW et al. (2000) Bone mass continues to increase at the hip after parathyroid hormone treatment is discontinued in glucocorticoid- induced osteoporosis: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15: 944–51.

Larsen ER, Mosekilde L, Foldspang A (2004) Vitamin D and calcium supplementation prevents osteoporotic fractures in elderly community dwelling residents: a pragmatic population-based 3-year intervention study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19: 370–8.

Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Bröll J et al. (1995) Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 10 of 44 The Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine 333: 1437–43.

Lindsay R, Nieves J, Formica C et al. (1997) Randomised controlled study of effect of parathyroid hormone on vertebral-bone mass and fracture incidence among postmenopausal women on oestrogen with osteoporosis. Lancet 350: 550–5.

Lindsay R, Cosman F, Lobo RA et al. (1999) Addition of alendronate to ongoing hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84: 3076–81.

Lindsay R, Scheele WH, Neer R et al. (2004) Sustained vertebral fracture risk reduction after withdrawal of teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 164: 2024–30.

Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME et al. (1996) Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 124: 400–6.

Luckey M, Kagan R, Greenspan S et al. (2004) Once-weekly alendronate 70 mg and raloxifene 60 mg daily in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Menopause 11: 405–15.

Luengo M, Pons F, Martinez-de-Osaba MJ et al. (1994) Prevention of further bone mass loss by nasal calcitonin in patients on long term glucocorticoid therapy for asthma: a two year follow up study. Thorax 49: 1099–102.

Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, Fallon WM et al. (1992) Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Annals of Internal Medicine 117: 1–9.

Lufkin EG, Whitaker MD, Nickelsen T et al. (1998) Treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis with raloxifene: a randomized trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 13: 1747–54.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 11 of 44 Lyles KW, Colon-Emeric CS, Magaziner JS et al. (2007) Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. New England Journal of Medicine 357: 1799–809.

Lyons RA, Johansen A, Brophy S et al. (2007) Preventing fractures among older people living in institutional care: a pragmatic randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporosis International 18: 811– 8.

Marcus R, Wang O, Satterwhite J et al. (2003) The skeletal response to teriparatide is largely independent of age, initial bone mineral density, and prevalent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 18: 18–23.

McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD et al. (2001) Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine 344: 333–40.

McClung MR, San Martin J, Miller PD et al. (2005) Opposite bone remodeling effects of teriparatide and alendronate in increasing bone mass. Archives of Internal Medicine 165: 1762–8 (erratum appears in Archives of Internal Medicine. 165: 2120).

Mebane SI, Bush TL, Wells HB et al. (1996) Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: Results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 276: 1389–96.

Mellstrom DD, Sorensen OH, Goemaere S et al. (2004) Seven years of treatment with risedronate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcified Tissue International 75: 462–8.

Meunier PJ, Confavreux E, Tupinon I et al. (1997) Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss with cyclical etidronate therapy (a double-blind,

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 12 of 44 placebo-controlled study and 1-year follow-up). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82:2784–91.

Meunier PJ, Slosman DO, Delmas PD et al. (2002) : dose- dependent effects in established postmenopausal vertebral osteoporosis – a 2- year randomized placebo controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87: 2060–6.

Meunier PJ, Roux C, Seeman E et al. (2004) The effects of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 350: 459–68.

Meyer HE, Smedshaug GB, Kvaavik E et al. (2002) Can vitamin D supplementation reduce the risk of fracture in the elderly? A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 17: 709–15.

Michalska D, Stepan JJ, Basson BR et al. (2006) The effect of raloxifene after discontinuation of long-term alendronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 91: 870–7.

Miller PD, Schnitzer T, Emkey R et al. (2004) Weekly oral in male osteoporosis. Clinical Drug Investigation 24: 333–41.

Miller PD, McClung MR, Macovei L et al. (2005) Monthly oral ibandronate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 1-year results from the MOBILE study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 20: 1315–22.

Miller PD, Schwartz EN, Chen P et al. (2007) Teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and mild or moderate renal impairment. Osteoporosis International 18: 59–68.

Miller PD, Epstein S, Sedarati F et al. (2008) Once-monthly oral ibandronate compared with weekly oral alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis: results from the head-to-head MOTION study. Current Medical Research and Opinion 24: 207–13.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 13 of 44 Montessori ML, Scheele WH, Netelenbos JC et al. (1997) The use of etidronate and calcium versus calcium alone in the treatment of postmenopausal : results of three years of treatment. Osteoporosis International 7: 52– 8.

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Mosekilde L, Beck NH, Sorensen OH et al. (2000) Hormonal replacement therapy reduces forearm fracture incidence in recent postmenopausal women – results of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. Maturitas 36: 181–93.

Muscoso E, Puglisi N, Mamazza C et al. (2004) Antiresorption therapy and reduction in fracture susceptibility in the osteoporotic elderly patient: open study. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 8: 97–102.

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Orwoll E, Ettinger M, Weiss S et al. (2000) Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. New England Journal of Medicine 343: 604–10.

Orwoll ES, Scheele WH, Paul S et al. (2003) The effect of teriparatide [human parathyroid hormone (1-34)] therapy on bone density in men with osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 18: 9–17.

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Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 14 of 44 Palomba S, Orio F Jr, Russo T et al. (2005) BsmI vitamin D receptor genotypes influence the efficacy of antiresorptive treatments in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. A 1-year multicenter, randomized and controlled trial. Osteoporosis International 16: 943–52.

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Peacock M, Liu G, Carey M et al. (2000) Effect of calcium or 25OH vitamin D3 dietary supplementation on bone loss at the hip in men and women over the age of 60. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85: 3011–9.

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Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 15 of 44 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in elderly women. Archives of Internal Medicine 166: 869–75.

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Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 16 of 44 Reginster JY, Malaise O, Neuprez A et al. (2007) Strontium ranelate in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. International Journal of Clinical Practice 61: 324–8.

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Reid DM, Hosking D, Kendler D et al. (2008) A comparison of the effect of alendronate and risedronate on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: 24-month results from FACTS-International. International Journal of Clinical Practice 62: 575–84.

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Sarioglu M, Tuzun C, Unlu Z et al. (2006) Comparison of the effects of alendronate and risedronate on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rheumatology International 26: 195–200.

Sebba AI, Bonnick SL, Kagan R et al. (2004) Response to therapy with once- weekly alendronate 70 mg compared to once-weekly risedronate 35 mg in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Current Medical Research and Opinion 20: 2031–41.

Seeman E (1999) The antifracture efficacy of alendronate. International Journal of Clincal Practice (Suppl) 101: 40–5.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 18 of 44 Smith H, Anderson F, Raphael H et al. (2007) Effect of annual intramuscular vitamin D on fracture risk in elderly men and women –a population-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rheumatology 46:1852–7.

Sorensen OH, Crawford GM, Mulder H et al. (2003) Long-term efficacy of risedronate: a 5-year placebo-controlled clinical experience. Bone 32: 120–6.

Ste-Marie LG, Sod E, Johnson T et al. (2004) Five years of treatment with risedronate and its effects on bone safety in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcified Tissue International 75: 469–76.

Stock JL, Avioli LV, Baylink DJ et al. (1997) Calcitonin-salmon nasal spray reduces the incidence of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women: three year interim results of the PROOF study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 12 (Suppl. 1): S149.

Tilyard MW, Spears GF, Thomson J et al. (1992) Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitriol or calcium. New England Journal of Medicine 326: 357–62.

Toth E, Csupor E, Meszaros S et al. (2005) The effect of intranasal salmon calcitonin therapy on bone mineral density in idiopathic male osteoporosis without vertebral fractures – an open label study. Bone 36: 47–51.

Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT (2003) Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 326: 469.

Watts NB, Harris ST, Genant HK et al. (1990) Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 323: 73–9.

Weiss SR, Ellman H, Dolker M (1999) A randomized controlled trial of four doses of transdermal estradiol for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Transdermal Estradiol Investigator Group. Obstetrics and Gynecology 94: 330–6.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 19 of 44 Wimalawansa SJ (1998) A four-year randomized controlled trial of hormone replacement and , alone or in combination, in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. American Journal of Medicine 104: 219–26.

Excluded studies

Aapro M (2006) Improving bone health in patients with early by adding to letrozole: the Z-ZO-E-ZO-FAST program. Breast 15 (Suppl. 1): S30–S40.

Abellan PM, Bayina-Garcia FJ, Calabozo M et al. (1995) [Multicenter comparative study of synthetic salmon calcitonin administered nasally in the treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis]. [Spanish] Anales De Medicina Interna 12: 12–6.

Adachi J, Cranney A, Goldsmith CH et al. (1994) Intermittent cyclic therapy with etidronate in the prevention of corticosteroid induced bone loss. Journal of Rheumatology 21: 1922–6.

Adami S, Passeri M, Ortolani S et al. (1995) Effects of oral alendronate and intranasal salmon calcitonin on bone mass and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 17: 383–90.

Adami S, Felsenberg D, Christiansen C et al. (2004) Efficacy and safety of ibandronate given by intravenous injection once every 3 months. Bone 34: 881– 9.

Ahlborg HG, Johnell O, Karlsson MK (2004) Long term effects of oestrogen therapy on bone loss in postmenopausal women: a 23 year prospective study. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 111: 335–9.

Al Azzawi F, Lees B, Thompson J et al. (2005) Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women treated with a vaginal ring delivering systemic doses of estradiol acetate. Menopause 12: 331–9.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 20 of 44 Alexandersen P, Riis BJ, Christiansen C (1999) Monofluorophosphate combined with hormone replacement therapy induces a synergistic effect on bone mass by dissociating bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women: a randomized study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84: 3013– 20.

Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK et al. (1988) Calcitriol in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. American Journal of Medicine 84: 401–8.

Aris RM, Lester GE, Caminiti M et al. (2004) Efficacy of alendronate in adults with cystic fibrosis with low bone density. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 169: 77–82.

Arlot M, Meunier PJ, Boivin G et al. (2005) Differential effects of teriparatide and alendronate on bone remodeling in postmenopausal women assessed by histomorphometric parameters. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 20: 1244– 53.

Arthur RS, Piraino B, Candib D et al. (1990) Effect of low-dose calcitriol and calcium therapy on bone histomorphometry and urinary calcium excretion in osteopenic women. Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism 16: 385–90.

Atmaca A, Gedik O (2006) Effects of alendronate and risedronate on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in late postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Advances in Therapy 23: 842–53.

Baeksgaard L, Andersen KP, Hyldstrup L (1998) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation increases spinal BMD in healthy, postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International 8: 255–60.

Barone A, Giusti A, Pioli G et al. (2007) Secondary hyperparathyroidism due to hypovitaminosis D affects bone mineral density response to alendronate in elderly women with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55: 752–7.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 21 of 44 Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Morrison N et al. (2005) Effect of a vitamin D analog on leg bone mineral density in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 42: 625–33.

Bergstrom I, Freyschuss B, Landgren B-M (2005) Physical training and hormone replacement therapy reduce the decrease in bone mineral density in perimenopausal women: A pilot study. Osteoporosis International 16: 823–8.

Bhattoa HP, Bettembuk P, Balogh A et al. (2004) The effect of 1-year transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteopenic postmenopausal systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporosis International 15: 396–404.

Birkenhager JC, Erdtsieck RJ, Zeelenberg J et al. (1992) Can nandrolone add to the effect of hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis? Bone and Mineral 18: 251–65.

Black DM, Bilezikian JP, Ensrud KE et al. (2005) One year of alendronate after one year of parathyroid hormone (1-84) for osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 353: 555–65.

Body JJ, Gaich GA, Scheele WH et al. (2002) A randomized double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of teriparatide [recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1- 34)] with alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87: 4528–35.

Body JJ, Diel IJ, Lichinitzer M et al. (2004) Oral ibandronate reduces the risk of skeletal complications in breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease: results from two randomised, placebo-controlled phase III studies. British Journal of Cancer 90: 1133–7.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 22 of 44 Bone HG, Greenspan SL, McKeever C et al. (2000) Alendronate and estrogen effects in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85: 720–6.

Boone RH, Cheung AM, Girlan LM et al. (2006) Osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized trial of the efficacy and feasibility of estrogen/progestin. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 51: 1103–12.

Braith RW, Conner JA, Fulton MN et al. (2007) Comparison of alendronate vs alendronate plus mechanical loading as prophylaxis for osteoporosis in lung transplant recipients: a pilot study. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 26: 132–7.

Brufsky A, Harker WG, Beck JT et al. (2007) Zoledronic acid inhibits adjuvant letrozole-induced bone loss in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 25: 829–36.

Buckley LM, Leib ES, Cartularo KS et al. (1996) Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation prevents bone loss in the spine secondary to low-dose corticosteroids in patients with . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 125: 961–8.

Caniggia A, Delling G, Nuti R et al. (1984) Clinical, biochemical and histological results of a double-blind trial with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, estradiol and placebo in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Acta Vitaminologica et Enzymologica. 6: 117–28.

Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Ensrud KE et al. (2001) Timing of estrogen replacement therapy for optimal osteoporosis prevention. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86: 5700–5.

Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z et al. (2003) Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 290: 1729–38.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 23 of 44 Chesnut CH III, McClung MR, Ensrud KE et al. (1995) Alendronate treatment of the postmenopausal osteoporotic woman: effect of multiple dosages on bone mass and bone remodeling. American Journal of Medicine 99: 144–52.

Clemmesen B, Ravn P, Zegels B et al. (1997) A 2-year phase II study with 1-year of follow-up of risedronate (NE-58095) in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 7: 488–95.

Crawford BA, Kam C, Pavlovic J et al. (2006) Zoledronic acid prevents bone loss after liver transplantation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 144: 239–48 (summary for patients appears in Annals of Internal Medicine 144: I37).

Cristallini S, Pedetti M, Donatelli C et al. (1993) [The effect of different "coherent"-type therapeutic plans on bone mineral density and on the incidence of vertebral fractures in advanced osteoporosis]. Recenti Progressi in Medicina 84: 336–45.

Davis SR, Dinatale I, Rivera-Woll L et al. (2005) Postmenopausal hormone therapy: from monkey glands to transdermal patches. Journal of Endocrinology 185: 207–22.

Delmas PD, Marianowski L, Perez AC et al. (2004) Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by pulsed estrogen therapy: comparison with transdermal route. Maturitas 48: 85–96.

Deng WM, Cui WL, Shen YG et al. (2004) Comparative analysis of the integrate therapeutic effectiveness of Bushen Zhuanggu medicament and calcitonin in treating menopausal osteoporosis. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 8: 2973.

Di Munno O, Beghe F, Favini P et al. (1989) Prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia: effect of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium. Clinical Rheumatology 8: 202–7.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 24 of 44 Doren M, Nilsson JA, Johnell O (2003) Effects of specific post-menopausal hormone therapies on bone mineral density in post-menopausal women: a meta- analysis (DARE structured abstract). Human Reproduction 18: 1737–46.

Dukas L, Bischoff HA, Lindpaintner LS et al. (2004) Alfacalcidol reduces the number of fallers in a community-dwelling elderly population with a minimum calcium intake of more than 500 mg daily. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52: 230–6.

Dukas L, Schacht E, Mazor Z et al. (2005) Treatment with alfacalcidol in elderly people significantly decreases the high risk of falls associated with a low creatinine clearance of <65 ml/min. Osteoporosis International 16:198–203.

Durchschlag E, Paschalis EP, Zoehrer R et al. (2006) Bone material properties in trabecular bone from human iliac crest biopsies after 3- and 5-year treatment with risedronate. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 21: 1581–90.

Dursun N, Dursun E, Yalcin S (2001) Comparison of alendronate, calcitonin and calcium treatments in postmenopausal osteoporosis. International Journal of Clinical Practice 55: 505–9.

Dykman TR, Haralson KM, Gluck OS et al. (1984) Effect of oral 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium on glucocorticoid- induced osteopenia in patients with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis and Rhematism 27:1336–43.

El Agroudy AE, El Husseini AA, El Sayed M et al. (2005) A prospective randomized study for prevention of postrenal transplantation bone loss. Kidney International 67: 2039–45.

El Husseini AA, El Agroudy AE, El Sayed MF et al. (2004) Treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis in renal transplant children and adolescents. Pediatric Transplantation 8: 357–61.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 25 of 44 Ellerington MC, Hillard TC, Whitcroft S I et al. (1996) Intranasal salmon calcitonin for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcified Tissue International 59: 6–11.

Erdtsieck RJ, Pols HA, van Kuijk C et al. (1994) Course of bone mass during and after hormonal replacement therapy with and without addition of nandrolone decanoate. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 9: 277–83.

Finkelstein JS, Klibanski A, Arnold AL et al. (1998) Prevention of estrogen deficiency-related bone loss with human parathyroid hormone-(1-34): a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 280: 1067–73.

Finkelstein JS, Hayes A, Hunzelman JL et al. (2003) The effects of parathyroid hormone, alendronate, or both in men with osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine 349: 1216–26.

Frost RJ, Sonne C, Wehr U et al. (2007) Effects of calcium supplementation on bone loss and fractures in congestive heart failure. European Journal of Endocrinology 156: 309–14.

Fujita T, Inoue T, Morii H et al. 1999) Effect of an intermittent weekly dose of human parathyroid hormone (1-34) on osteoporosis: a randomized double- masked prospective study using three dose levels. Osteoporosis International 9: 296–306.

Fujita T, Fujii Y, Okada SF et al. (2001) Analgesic effect of etidronate on degenerative joint disease. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 19: 251–6.

Fujita T, Orimo H, Inoue T et al. (2007) Clinical effect of bisphosphonate and vitamin D on osteoporosis: reappraisal of a multicenter double-blind clinical trial comparing etidronate and alfacalcidol. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 25: 130–7.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 26 of 44 Gallagher JC, Goldgar D (1990) Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with high doses of synthetic calcitriol. A randomized controlled study. Annals of Internal Medicine 113: 649–55.

Gilfillan CP, Strauss BJ, Rodda CP et al. (2006) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous zoledronic acid in the treatment of thalassemia-associated osteopenia. Calcified Tissue International 79: 138–44.

Gnant MF, Mlineritsch B, Luschin-Ebengreuth G et al. (2007) Zoledronic acid prevents cancer treatment-induced bone loss in premenopausal women receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone-responsive breast cancer: a report from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 25: 820–8.

Golden NH, Iglesias EA, Jacobson MS et al. (2005) Alendronate for the treatment of osteopenia in anorexia nervosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90: 3179–85.

Gonnelli S, Martini G, Caffarelli C et al. (2006) Teriparatide's effects on quantitative ultrasound parameters and bone density in women with established osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 17: 1524–31.

Gorai I, Chaki O, Taguchi Y et al. (1999) Early postmenopausal bone loss is prevented by estrogen and partially by 1alpha-OH-vitamin D3: therapeutic effects of estrogen and/or 1alpha-OH-vitamin D3. Calcified Tissue International 65: 16– 22.

Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, Hofstee HM et al. (1996) Falls in the elderly: a prospective study of risk factors and risk profiles. American Journal of Epidemiology 143: 1129–36.

Greenspan SL, Resnick NM, Parker RA (2003) Combination therapy with hormone replacement and alendronate for prevention of bone loss in elderly

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 27 of 44 women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 289: 2525–33.

Greenspan SL, Beck TJ, Resnick NM et al. (2005) Effect of hormone replacement, alendronate, or combination therapy on hip structural geometry: a 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 20: 1525–32.

Greenspan SL, Resnick NM, Parker RA (2005) Early changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover are associated with long-term changes in bone mineral density in elderly women on alendronate, hormone replacement therapy, or combination therapy: a three-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90: 2762–7.

Greenspan SL, Nelson JB, Trump DL et al. (2007) Effect of once-weekly oral alendronate on bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 146: 416–24.

Greenspan SL, Bhattacharya RK, Sereika SM et al. (2007) Prevention of bone loss in survivors of breast cancer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 92: 131–6.

Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Madeddu G et al. (2004) Alendronate reduces in HIV-associated osteopenia/osteoporosis. HIV Clinical Trials 5: 269– 77.

Hasegawa J, Nagashima M, Yamamoto M et al. (2003) Bone resorption and inflammatory inhibition efficacy of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 30:474–9.

Hay JE, Malinchoc M, Dickson ER (2001) A controlled trial of calcitonin therapy for the prevention of post-liver transplantation atraumatic fractures in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Journal of Hepatology 34: 292–8.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 28 of 44 Henderson K, Eisman J, Keogh A et al. (2001) Protective effect of short-tem calcitriol or cyclical etidronate on bone loss after cardiac or lung transplantation. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16: 565–71.

Henderson S, Hoffman N, Prince R (2006) A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effects of the bisphosphonate risedronate on bone mass in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 101: 119–23.

Higashiyama S, Shiomi S, Kawamura E et al. (2006) Effect of alendronate on bone loss in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Japanese Pharmacology and Therapeutics 34: 1209–14.

Hizmetli S, Elden H, Kaptanoglu E et al. (1998) The effect of different doses of calcitonin on bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. International Journal of Clinical Practice 52: 453–5.

Ho AY, Kung AW (2005) Efficacy and tolerability of alendronate once weekly in Asian postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39: 1428–33.

Hodsman AB, Fraher LJ, Watson PH et al. (1997) A randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of cyclical parathyroid hormone versus cyclical parathyroid hormone and sequential calcitonin to improve bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82: 620–8.

Hosking D, Chilvers CED, Christiansen C et al. (1998) Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. New England Journal of Medicine 338: 485–92.

Hwang JS, Tu ST, Yang TS et al. (2006) Teriparatide vs. calcitonin in the treatment of Asian postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 17: 373–8.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 29 of 44 Ikeda T, Manabe H, Iwata K (2004) Clinical significance of alendronate in postmenopausal type 2 mellitus. Diabetes and Metabolism 30: 355–8.

Inkovaara J, Gothoni G, Halttula R et al. (1983) Calcium, vitamin D and anabolic steroid in treatment of aged : double-blind placebo-controlled long-term clinical trial. Age and Ageing 12: 124–30.

Ishida Y, Kawai S (2004) Comparative efficacy of hormone replacement therapy, etidronate, calcitonin, alfacalcidol, and vitamin K in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: The Yamaguchi Osteoporosis Prevention Study. American Journal of Medicine 117: 549–55.

Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Ichimura S (2001) Effect of menatetrenone on bone mineral density and incidence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a comparison with the effect of etidronate. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 6: 487–92.

Jinnouchi Y (2000) Efficacy of intermittent etidronate therapy for corticosteroid- induced osteoporosis in patients with diffuse connective tissue disease. Kurume Medical Journal 47: 219–24.

Kanaji A, Higashi M, Namisato M et al. (2006) Effects of risedronate on lumbar bone mineral density, bone resorption, and incidence of vertebral fracture in elderly male patients with leprosy. Leprosy Review 77: 147–53.

Karachalios T, Lyritis GP, Kaloudis J et al. (2004) The effects of calcitonin on acute bone loss after pertrochanteric fractures. A prospective, randomised trial. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Series B 86: 350.

Kasayama S, Fujita M, Goya K et al. (2005) Effects of alendronate on bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal asthmatic women treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 54: 85–90.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 30 of 44 Kaskani E, Lyritis GP, Kosmidis C et al. (2005) Effect of intermittent administration of 200 IU intranasal salmon calcitonin and low doses of 1alpha(OH) vitamin D3 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip region and biochemical bone markers in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a pilot study. Clinical Rheumatology 24: 232–8.

Keegan TH, Schwartz AV, Bauer DC et al. (2004) Effect of alendronate on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in type 2 diabetic women: the fracture intervention trial. Diabetes Care 27: 1547–53.

Kishimoto H, Fukunaga M, Kushida K et al. (2006) Efficacy and tolerability of once-weekly administration of 17.5 mg risedronate in Japanese patients with involutional osteoporosis: a comparison with 2.5-mg once-daily dosage regimen. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 24: 405–13.

Kung AW, Chan TM, Lau CS et al. (1999) Osteopenia in young hypogonadal women with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving chronic steroid therapy: a randomized controlled trial comparing calcitriol and hormonal replacement therapy. Rheumatology 38: 1239–44.

Kushida K, Fukunaga M, Kishimoto H et al. (2004) A comparison of incidences of vertebral fracture in Japanese patients with involutional osteoporosis treated with risedronate and etidronate: a randomized, double-masked trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 22:469–78.

Lakatos P, Nagy Z, Kiss L et al. (2000) Prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis by alfacalcidol. Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 59 (Suppl. 1): 48–52.

Lambrinoudaki I, Chan DT, Lau CS et al. (2000) Effect of calcitriol on bone mineral density in premenopausal Chinese women taking chronic steroid therapy. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. Journal of Rheumatology 27: 1759–65.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 31 of 44 Law M, Withers H, Morris J, Anderson F (2006) Vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of fractures and falls: results of a randomised trial in elderly people in residential accommodation. Age and Ageing 35: 482–6.

Leidig BG, Eberwein S, Bruckner T et al. (1997) Long term follow-up of lumbar and femoral bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in patients with manifest postmenopausal osteoporosis after fluoride therapy alone or combined with estrogens or anabolica. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes 105: A58.

Leung JY, Ho AY, Ip TP et al. (2005) The efficacy and tolerability of risedronate on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in osteoporotic Chinese women: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Bone 36: 358–64.

Lindor KD, Jorgensen RA, Tiegs RD et al. (2000) Etidronate for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: a randomized trial. Journal of Hepatology 33:878–82.

Lindsay R, Cosman F, Lobo RA et al. (1999) Addition of alendronate to ongoing hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84: 3076–81.

Lovell DJ, Glass D, Ranz J et al. (2006) A randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation to increase bone mineral density in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 54: 2235–42.

Lydeking-Olsen E, Beck-Jensen JE, Setchell KD et al. (2004) Soymilk or progesterone for prevention of bone loss – a 2 year randomized, placebo- controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition 43: 246–57.

Lyritis GP, Tsakalakos N, Paspati I et al. (1997) The effect of a modified etidronate cyclical regimen on postmenopausal osteoporosis: a four-year study. Clinical Rheumatology 16: 354–60.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 32 of 44 Matsumoto T, Miki T, Hagino H et al.(2005) A new active vitamin D, ED-71, increases bone mass in osteoporotic patients under vitamin D supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90: 5031–6.

Matsumoto T, Shiraki M, Hagino H (2006) Daily nasal spray of hPTH(1-34) for 3 months increases bone mass in osteoporotic subjects: A pilot study. Osteoporosis International 17: 1532–8.

McClung M, Clemmesen B, Daifotis A et al. (1998) Alendronate prevents postmenopausal bone loss in women without osteoporosis – A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 128: 253–61.

McClung MR, Wasnich RD, Hosking DJ et al. (2004) Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: six-year results from the Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89: 4879–85.

McClung MR, Siris E, Cummings S et al. (2006) Prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women treated with lasofoxifene compared with raloxifene. Menopause 13: 377–86.

McClung MR, Wasnich RD, Recker R et al. (2004) Oral daily ibandronate prevents bone loss in early postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19: 11–8.

McDonald CF, Zebaze RMD, Seeman E (2006) Calcitriol does not prevent bone loss in patients with asthma receiving corticosteroid therapy: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporosis International 17:1546–51.

Menczel J, Foldes J, Steinberg R et al. (1994) Alfacalcidol (alpha D3) and calcium in osteoporosis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 300: 241– 7.

Osteoporosis evidence review references (September 2008) Page 33 of 44 Michaelson MD, Kaufman DS, Lee H et al. (2007) Randomized controlled trial of annual zoledronic acid to prevent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist- induced bone loss in men with prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 25: 1038–42.

Mikati MA, Dib L, Yamout B et al. (2006) Two randomized vitamin D trials in ambulatory patients on : impact on bone. Neurology 67: 2005–14.

Mizunuma H, Shiraki M, Shintani M et al. (2006) Randomized trial comparing low-dose hormone replacement therapy and HRT plus 1alpha-OH-vitamin D3 (alfacalcidol) for treatment of postmenopausal bone loss. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 24: 11–5.

Mondy K, Powderly WG, Claxton SA et al. (2005) Alendronate, vitamin D, and calcium for the treatment of osteopenia/osteoporosis associated with HIV infection. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 38: 426–31.

Moran de Brito CM, Battistella LR, Saito ET et al. (2005) Effect of alendronate on bone mineral density in spinal cord injury patients: a pilot study. Spinal Cord 43: 341–8.

Nakahara T, Nagai N, Tanaka M et al. (2006) The effects of bone therapy on tibial bone loss in young women with anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders 39: 20–6.

Nakayamada S, Okada Y, Saito K et al. (2004) Etidronate prevents high dose glucocorticoid induced bone loss in premenopausal individuals with systemic autoimmune diseases. Journal of Rheumatology 31: 163–6.

Negredo E, Martinez-Lopez E, Paredes R et al. (2005) Reversal of HIV-1- associated osteoporosis with once-weekly alendronate. AIDS 19: 343–5.

Nuti R, Bianchi G, Brandi ML et al. (2006) Superiority of alfacalcidol compared to vitamin D plus calcium in lumbar bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rheumatology International 26: 445–53.

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Orimo H, Shiraki M, Hayashi Y et al. (1994) Effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on lumbar bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcified Tissue International 54: 370–6.

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Orwoll ES, McClung MR, Oviatt SK et al. (1989) Histomorphometric effects of calcium or calcium plus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in senile osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 4: 81–8.

Otrock ZK, Azar ST, Shamseddeen WA et al. (2006) Intravenous zoledronic acid treatment in thalassemia-induced osteoporosis: results of a phase II clinical trial. Annals of Hematology 85: 605–9.

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