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Mazāk Pamanītie Raiņa Darbi Latvijas Labā 31

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Mazāk Pamanītie Raiņa Darbi Latvijas Labā 31 MAZĀK PAMANĪTIE RAIŅA DARBI LATVIJAS LABĀ MAZĀK PAMANĪTIE RAIŅA DARBI LATVIJAS LABĀ Jānis Stradiņš [email protected] Atslēgas vārdi: Latvijas Augstskola, Izglītības ministrs, Zinātņu akadēmijas dibināšana, Herdera institūts, Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīca, devums letonistikā, Latvijas Universitāte Rakstā iztirzāti daži mazāk pamanīti Raiņa veikumi vai idejas, kas saistās ar Latvijas akadēmisko dzīvi, ar Raiņa skatījumu uz valodu un Latvijas vēsturi dažādos dzejnieka un domātāja darbības posmos. 1908. g. dienasgrāmatās pavīd Raiņa nodoms kļūt par profesoru, bet 1913. g. par lat- viešu augstskolas organizēšanu Šveicē, trimdā pēc Maskavas Šaņavska vai Dānijas tautas universitāšu parauga, iezīmēti arī šādas augstskolas darbības pamatvirzieni. 1920. g. Raini reizē ar Krišjāni Baronu ievēl par jaundibinātās Latvijas Augstskolas pirmajiem Goda bied- riem, taču Rainis netiek aicināts kļūt par LU mācībspēku ne Filozofijas un filoloģijas, ne Tautsaimniecības un tiesību fakultātē. Kā sociāldemokrāts Rainis nosoda LU, īpaši dažās tās fakultātēs valdošo konservatīvo garu, iezīmējas arī konfliktsituācijas ar atsevišķiem LU pro- fesoriem. 1927. g. kā Latvijas izglītības ministrs Rainis atbalsta Zinātņu akadēmijas organi- zēšanas ideju Latvijā, legalizē vācu privāto augstskolu — Herdera institūtu —, un ir viens no iniciatoriem “Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīcas” izdošanai. Atsevišķos rakstos, dienasgrāmatās un vēstuļu korespondencē Rainis izsaka ļoti nozī- mīgas idejas par Latvijas vēsturi, kultūru un latviešu valodu, kuras letonikas speciālistiem būtu rūpīgāk jāizvērtē. Pats sevi viņš uzlūkoja par modernās latviešu valodas radītāju un arī Latvijas neatkarības idejas garīgo tēvu. Taču kā sociāldemokrāts neatkarību neuzskatīja par gala mērķi, bet par līdzekli sociāla taisnīguma iedibināšanai un Latvijas vēlākai ieiešanai plašākā demokrātisku nāciju saimē. Rainis bijis gandrīz vai vienīgais latviešu nacionālā ģēnija izpratnei (vai neizpratnei?), nācijas universālais ģēnijs 20. gs., viņa de- ka var ļauties neskaitāmām jaunām, laikme- vums nācijas garīgajā izaugsmē, valstiskuma tu maiņai pielāgotām variācijām un skaidro- izcīnīšanā un it īpaši mūsu dzejā, dramatur- jumiem. ģijā, cittautu klasiķu darbu tulkošanā, nācijas Nevēloties pievienot savu interpretāciju apvāršņa paplašināšanā ir nepārvērtējams. Raiņa pārlaicīgajam vērtējumam kopumā, Turklāt tas ir tik vispusīgi un no dažādiem jubilejas reizē tomēr mēģināšu iezīmēt, pa- skatupunktiem pētīts, ka, šķiet, par to nekas reizāk sakot, atgādināt dažas marginālas jauns nav pasakāms. Raiņa Kopotu rak stu 30 Raiņa darbības puses, kuras varbūt būtu sējumu lielizdevums ar komentāriem (1977– dziļāk pētāmas, īpaši Raiņa “mazos darbus”, 1986) atklājis tik daudz jaunu aspektu mūsu akcentējot tos, kas saistāmi ar akadēmisko 31 LETONIKAS VI KONGRESS dzīvi, ar Raiņa skatījumu uz latviešiem, ar Par spējām jāspriež kolēģijai un jāpierāda Raini letonistikas kontekstā, kā ideju ģenera- ar rakstu darbiem. Klāt arī zinātnisks un li- toru un katalizatoru. terāriski beletristisks žurnāls un biļetens — Kādā 1908. g. dienasgrāmatas ierakstā nedēļnieks. Viena disciplīna žur-avīžniecība. Rainis izsakās: “Ģēnija traģēdija: atdot savu Mācītas biedrības klāt terminoloģijas nodibi- darbu priekš citiem, arī sevi pašu; savu lielo nāšanai. Profesori: mehāniskie — ārzemju; darbu atstāt par labu maziem un niecīgiem katrs lasa savā valodā. Latviešus uzaicināt: darbiņiem [..] Mazi talanti to neizcieš. Lie- Kasparsonu, Endzeliņš — dārgs, bet kādu lie vai nu pienākumu nicina, vai padodas un jaunu valodnieku, Kindzuli, Balodi, Krauja, dara mazos darbus bez skandēšanas. Atzīst, Eglīts, Hermans, prof. Balodis, Zālīts, Šmidts, ka sabiedrībai, t. i. cilvēcei vienmēr taisnība Mīlenbahs. Sākumā tikai pa vasaru. Varbūt pret katru atsevišķu cilvēku, arī lielāko. Kas ir uzaicināt uz viesojumiem mājeniekus, kuri ir miesās stipri, tie pārvar arī šo traģēdiju caur vietās un citādi palikt nevar. Daugi. Bet jāsar- to, ka paspēj fiziski abus darbus: mazos, no gājas no priekšlasītāju sistēmas, jāsargās no sabiedrības liktos, un lielos, no sevis paša demokrātiskas izplūšanas runās un debatē, dotos”1. un no savstarpīgām cīņām.”3 Citos dienasgrāmatas ierakstos Rainis Redzams, ka Rainis iezīmē potenciālo augstu vērtē to, ko spējis dot dzejā un māk- docētāju sastāvu, kuru vidū ir gan patiesi slinieciskā daiļradē vispār, taču šaubās, vai ievērojami tālaika latviešu zinību vīri: valod- viņam nav bijis vairāk sevi jāveltī arī sabied- nieki Kārlis Mīlenbahs, Pēteris Šmits, Jānis riskai, politiskai, publicistiskai darbībai. Šī Endzelīns (nav īsti saprotams, kas domāts dilemma viņu īpaši nodarbinājusi pēc Latvi- ar piebildi — “dārgs”?), tautsaimnieks Kār- jas neatkarības iegūšanas, kad Rainis preten- lis Balodis, enciklopēdiski izglītotie Kārlis dējis uz augstiem valsts amatiem un centies Kasparsons, Hermanis Asars, Pēteris Zālīte aktīvāk iesaistīties valsts darbā, arī sabied- un Pauls Dauge, literāts Viktors Eglītis, gan riskā darbībā, un atsaucies uz tābrīža ak- arī literāts un vēlākais diplomāts Antons Ba- tualitātēm. Turklāt Rainis centies vienlaikus lodis (Krauja), Raiņa vēstuļu korespondents izpausties visdažādākās jomās, kas vienam agronoms un Latgales Atmodas darbinieks cilvēkam reāli bija grūti paveicams. Jezups Kindzulis. Pieminētie galvenokārt nāk no humanitāro un sociālo zinātņu vides, ka- Rainis un akadēmiskā dzīve mēr dabzinātņu, lauksaimniecības un tehnis- Jau 1907. g., Šveices trimdas gados, die- ko zinātņu lietpratējus Rainis neafišē. nasgrāmatā projektu burtnīciņā dzejnieks ir Profila ziņā Raiņa universitāte iecerēta paudis vēlmi strādāt akadēmisku darbu, kļūt kā Maskavā funkcionējošās Šaņavska tautas par profesoru, braukt studēt uz Cīrihi2. universitātes līdziniece, kurā tolaik studēja Mazāk pamanīts ir Raiņa 1913. g. februā- ne mazums latviešu (piem., A. Švābe), taču ra projekts dibināt latviešu augstskolu ārze- uzsverot latviešu valodas, zemes, kultūras mēs: “2.2.13. Vajaga dibināt latv. augstsko- pētīšanu, turklāt plašākā, Baltijas kontek- lu ārzemēs; klāt ģimnāzija un priekšskolas. stā: “Manas universitātes raksturs būs tāds, Dažas fakultātes, kuras visvairāk pieprasa: kā viņu. Galvenais nolūks latv. kultūras pa- tautsaimniecība, dabaszinātnes, medicīna, celšana, ne veikals. Veikals arī priekš masas literatūra, valodas. Eksāmenus var likt tās pievilkšanas un priekš, un arī par noderību valsts komisijā, kurā atrodas universitāte. darbā, piem., avīžniekiem. Programma citā- Kursi īsi, kā Bernē filozofija 2 gadi. Maksa da un plašāka: arī teātrs un drāma, mūzika, tā pate, kas ārvalstī. No bagātiem bez tam gleznošana, deja, tautas dejas. T. dziesm. — ziedojumi, no kuriem stipendijas spējīgiem. vecais Barons. Ierosināt zinātniekus uz latv. 32 MAZĀK PAMANĪTIE RAIŅA DARBI LATVIJAS LABĀ valodas, zemes, mākslas pētīšanu. Salīdzināt stiprā mērā pārspīlēta”. Pats Rainis 1916. g. un mācīties [..] Šeņavska (sic!). Daņu tautas 28. augustā bija rakstījis no Kastaņolas Lat- augstskolas. Disciplīna: par bibliotēkām, par viešu Bēgļu apgādāšanas Centrālkomitejas tautaugstskolām. Grāmatu druka un apgāde. valdei (t.i. Vilim Olavam): “Vajadzētu valdībai Amatniecība: Madernieks. Visu kultūru ap- aizrādīt sevišķu vērību piegriezt latviešu tau- ņemt sevī. Latviešu statistika. Valodas radīša- tas garīgo interešu apgādībai, pabalstīt visas na. Latgale. Tuvošanās leišiem un igauņiem. latviešu kulturālās iestādes, vispirmā kārtā Leitoloģija, estoloģija. Miers ar vāciem — bal- kultūras birojam pabalstīt latviešu vidussko- toloģija. Mūsu vēsture. Ārējā kultūra, tehnika, lu, vākt kapitālu latviešu augstskolas dibinā- rūpniecība, lauksaimniecība. Kooperācija, kā šanai. Valdei šinī pat nolūkā tūlīt vajadzētu sevišķa disciplīna. Dārzkopība, kuģniecība. lūgt valdību likuma kārtā atzīt vidusskolu un Visam jādibinās uz estētisko kultūru.”4 augstskolu dibināšanu ar latviešu mācību va- Domājams, pēc Raiņa ieceres šāda lat- lodu, ar valsts tiesībām un uz valsts rēķina. viešu tautas augstskola (ir tātad atsauce arī Pēc materiāla pabalsta sniegšanas bēgļiem šī uz dāņu tautas augstskolām!) varētu darbo- ir pirmā un neatlaidīgā latviešu tautas pra- ties kaut kur Šveicē, un tās apmeklētāji būtu sība, jo latviešu tauta ir kulturālākā tauta emigranti vai arī vasaras viesi no dzimtenes. Krievijā un no gara vajadzību apmierināšanas Tiesa, šī Raiņa koncepcija tika publiskota cieš vairāk nekā jebkura cita tauta, neizņe- tikai Raiņa Kopotos rakstos 1986. g., un diez mot i poļus.”9 vai Raiņa laikmetu apsteigušās domas tieši Tātad Rainis izsacījis atbalstu latviešu ietekmējušas latviešu augstskolas idejas vei- augstskolas dibināšanai. Šķiet, Raiņa nostā- došanos, kas tajos gados diemžēl vēl virzījās ja šajā jautājumā kaut cik ietekmēja ne tikai uz priekšu gausi5. P. Daugi, bet pat Pēteri Stučku, kurš pret Taču šī ideja kļuva aktuāla jau pēc pāris latviešu augstskolu sākotnēji bija stipri skep- gadiem, kad latvieši Pirmā pasaules kara sā- tisks10. Latviešu augstskolas ideja tomēr pir- kumā tika izkliedēti bēgļu gaitās Iekškrievijā, moreiz — kaut daļēji un deformēti — īstenota un arvien spēcīgāk iezīmējās autonomijas viņa īslaicīgās lielinieciskās valdīšanas mēne- centieni, tostarp arī latviešu augstskolas pro- šos (1919. g. februārī–maijā)11. Vēlāk savā jekts. To pirmoreiz publiski prezentēja Maska- atskatā uz Padomju Latvijas pieciem pastā- vā filozofijas maģistrants Pauls Dāle 1916. g. vēšanas mēnešiem P. Stučka pozitīvi vērtējis februārī, izvirzīdams ideju par vienotu uni- tieši augstskolas dibināšanu12. LR desmit versitāti latviešu valodā, kas sevī iekļautu arī gadu jubilejas izdevumā
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