ACCOUNTS FOR SPECIES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES AT RISK IN THE ARROW BOUNDARY, KOOTENAY LAKE, AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST DISTRICTS, BRITISH COLUMBIA – AN ADDENDUM
by
GILBERT PROULX, PhD, RPBio. Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd.
&
DAN BERNIER, MSc, RPBio. Timberline Natural Resource Group Ltd.
prepared for
BC Timber Sales Kootenay Business Area c/o George Edney 1907 Ridgewood Rd Nelson, BC V1L 6K1
28 March 2008 Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1.1 Selection of Species and Communities at Risk for this Report ...... 4 1.2 Accounts ...... 4 1.3 Literature Cited...... 6 2.0 INVERTEBRATES ...... 7 2.1 Abbreviate Pondsnail - Stagnicola apicina ...... 8 2.2 Aphrodite Fritillary - Speyeria aphrodite whitehousei ...... 9 2.3 Ashy Pebblesnail - Fluminicola fuscus...... 11 2.4 Attenuate Fossaria - Fossaria truncatula...... 13 2.5 Banded Tigersnail - Anguispira kochi ...... 14 2.6 Black-footed Tightcoil - Pristiloma chersinella...... 16 2.7 Checkered Skipper - Pyrgus communis...... 18 2.8 Coeur d’Alene Oregonian - Cryptomastix mullani...... 20 2.9 Emma’s Dancer - Argia emma ...... 22 2.10 Glossy Valvata - Valvata humeralis ...... 24 2.11 Jutta Arctic - Oeneis jutta chermocki...... 26 2.12 Lambda Snaggletooth - Gastrocopta holzingeri ...... 28 2.13 Magnum Mantleslug - Magnipelta mycophaga ...... 30 2.14 Mead’s Sulphur - Colias meadii ...... 32 2.15 Mormon Fritillary - Speyeria mormonia eurynome...... 34 2.16 Old World Swallowtail - Papilio machaon ...... 36 2.17 Pale Jumping Slug - Hemphillia camelus ...... 38 2.18 Pelidne Sulphur - Colias pelidne...... 40 2.19 Pygmy Slug - Kootenaia burkei...... 42 2.20 Rocky Mountainsnail - Oreohelix strigosa ...... 44 2.21 Rocky Mountain Ridged Mussel - Gonidea angulata...... 46 2.22 Rotund Physa - Physella columbiana...... 48 2.23 Shortface Lanx - Fisherola nuttalli ...... 50 2.24 Silky Vallonia - Vallonia cyclophorella ...... 52 2.25 Subalpine Mountainsnail - Oreohelix subrudis...... 54 2.26 Swamp Fingersnail - Musculium partumeium...... 56 2.27 Threeridge Valvata - Valvata tricarinata...... 58 2.28 Western River Cruiser - Macromia magnifica...... 60 2.29 Winged Floater - Anodonta nuttalliana...... 62 3.0 AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES ...... 64 3.1 Western Painted Turtle - Chrysemys picta bellii ...... 65 4.0 BIRDS...... 67 4.1 Band-tailed Pigeon - Patagioenas fasciata ...... 68 4.2 Barn Swallow - Hirundo rustica ...... 70 4.3 Bobolink - Dolichonyx oryzivorus ...... 73 4.4 Brewer’s Sparrow - Spizella breweri breweri...... 75 4.5 Broad-winged Hawk - Buteo platypterus ...... 77 4.6 Canyon Wren - Catherpes mexicanus...... 79 4.7 Double-crested Cormorant - Phalacrocorax auritus...... 81
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 2 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.8 Le Conte’s Sparrow - Ammodramus leconteii ...... 83 4.9 Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus anatum ...... 85 4.10 Purple Martin - Progne subis ...... 87 5.0 MAMMALS ...... 89 5.1 Great Basin Pocket Mouse - Perognathus parvus...... 90 5.2 Northern Long-eared Myotis - Myotis septentrionalis ...... 92 5.3 Southern Red-backed Vole - Cletrhionomys gapperi galei ...... 94 5.4 Townsend’s Big-eared Bat - Corynorhinus townsendii...... 96 6.0 PLANT COMMUNITIES...... 98 6.1 Three-way Sedge Herbaceous Vegetation - Dulichium arundinaceum Herbaceous Vegetation ...... 99
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 3 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The conservation of species and plant communities at risk is a fundamental component of sustainable forest management in British Columbia. In 2006, Alpha Wildlife Resarch & Management Ltd. published a field guide for BC Timber Sales (BCTS), Kootenay Business Area to assist planners and field crews in recognizing species and plant communities at risk in their operating areas (Proulx and Bernier 2006a). Recently, BCTS decided to update this field guide. This report is an addendum to Proulx and Bernier’s (2006a) field guide.
1.1 Selection of Species and Communities at Risk for this Report
Species and plant communities at risk that were included in this report belonged to at least one of the following categories (see Proulx and Bernier 2006 for definitions):
• COSEWIC – endangered, threatened or species of concern. • IWMS (Identified Wildlife Management Strategy). • CDC red- and blue- listed animals, red-listed plants, and red-listed plant communities.
A total of 45 SAR were selected for this project (Table 1): 29 invertebrates, 1 amphibians/reptiles, 10 birds, 4 mammals, 0 plants, and 1 plant community. As in Proulx and Bernier (2006a), fish species at risk were not considered for this report
1.2 Accounts
The development of the accounts took into consideration RISC standard for species accounts (RISC 1999). The format of this document was further modified using Proulx and Bernier’s (2006b) template. The accounts were developed in the context of an identification guide to help foresters to identify species and plant communities. The accounts therefore focused on a description of the species/plant communities and the sites where they may be found.
The accounts were written using information from scientific publications, general field guides, and the CDC website. The quality and quantity of information varied significantly among accounts. While complete information is usually available for vertebrates, little is known about invertebrates at risk (particularly freshwater mollusks). In some cases, we had to use poor-quality photographs or drawings to describe invertebrates.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 4 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Table 1. SAR accounts included in this report. No. Species Scientific Name COSEWIC / CDC IWMS Red-listed Blue-listed INVERTEBRATES 1 Abbreviate Stagnicola apicina 3 pondsnail 2 Aphrodite fritillary Speyeria aphrodite 3
3 Ashy pebblesnail Fluminicola fuscus 3 4 Attenuate fossaria Fossaria truncatula 3 5 Banded tigersnail Anguispira kochi 3 6 Black-footed Pristiloma chersinella 3 tightcoil 7 Checkered skipper Pyrgus communis 3 8 Coeur d’alene Cryptomastix mullani 3 oregonian
9 Emma’s dancer Argia emma 3 10 Glossy valvata Valvata humeralis 3 11 Jutta arctic Oeneis jutta 3 12 Lambda Gastrocopta holzingeri 3 snaggletooth 13 Magnum mantleslug Magnipelta mycophaga 3 14 Mead’s sulphur Colias meadii 3
15 Mormon fritillary Speyeria mormonia 3 16 Old world Papilio machaon 3 swallowtail
17 Pale jumping slug Hemphillia camelus 3 18 Pelidne sulphur Colias pelidne 3 19 Pygmy slug Kootenaia burkei 3 20 Rocky Oreohelix strigosa 3 mountainsnail 21 Rocky Mountain Gonidea angulata SC 3 ridged mussel 22 Rotund physa Physella columbiana 3 23 Shortface lanx Fisherola nuttalli 3 24 Silky vallonia Vallonia cyclophorella 3 25 Subalpine Oreohelix subrudis 3 mountainsnail 26 Swamp fingersnail Musculium partumeium 3
27 Threeridge valvata Valvata tricarinata 3 28 Western river Macromia magnifica 3 cruiser
29 Winged floater Anodonta nuttalliana 3
AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES 30 Western painted Chrysemys picta bellii SC 3 turtle
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 5 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Table 1 – cont’d No. Species Scientific Name COSEWIC CDC Red-listed Blue-listed BIRDS 31 Band-tailed pigeon Patagioenas fasciata 3 32 Barn swallow Hirundo rustica 3 33 Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 3 34 Brewer’s sparrow Spizella breweri Identified 3 Wildlife 35 Broad-winged hawk Buteo platypterus 3 36 Canyon wren Ccatherpes mexicanus 3
37 Double-crested Phalacrocorax auritus 3 cormorant 38 Le Conte’s sparrow Ammodramus leconteii 3 39 Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus anatum SC 3
40 Purple martin Progne subis 3 MAMMALS 41 Great Basin pocket Perognathus parvus 3 mouse 42 Northern long-eared Myotis septentrionalis 3 myotis
43 Southern red-backed Cletrhionomys gapperi galei 3 vole 44 Townsend’s big- Coynorhinus townsendii 3 eared bat PLANT COMMUNITIES 45 Three way sedge 3
1.3 Literature Cited
Proulx, G., and D. Bernier. 2006. A field guide to terrestrial animals, plants, and plant communities at risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia. Alpha Wildlife Publications, Sherwood Park, Alberta. Proulx, G., and D. Bernier. 2006. A review of some terrestrial vertebrates, plants and plant communities at risk in Arrow/Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia. Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. and Timberline Forest Inventory Consultants Ltd. report submitted to BC Timber Sales, Kootenay, BC. RISC. 1999. Example species account for a preliminary species-habitat model. Appendix R in Species Habitat Rating standard, BC Government website, available at: http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/risc/pubs/teecolo/whrs/assets/whrs.pdf
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 6 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.0 INVERTEBRATES
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 7 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.1 Abbreviate Pondsnail - Stagnicola apicina
Description
General: Small gastropod with a dark brown, dextrally spiraled, conical shell.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Lymnaeidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N4 S2S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary Forest District.
Habitat
General: Cold waters poor in macrophytes. Potentially at lakeshores and rivers in the southern interior and possibly the Columbia drainage. Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
No information.
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008 . Conservation Status Report: Stagnicola apicina . B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 25, 2008 ). Stagliano D. M., Stephens G. M. and Bosworth W. R. 2007. Aquatic invertebrate species of concern on USFS Northern Region Lands. Montana Natural Heritage Program Natural Resource Information System Montana State Library and Idaho Conservation Data Center Idaho Department of Fish and Game Report.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 8 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.2 Aphrodite Fritillary - Speyeria aphrodite whitehousei
Description
General: Large, bright orange butterfly with brown eyes, rusty brown uppersides with black spots and chevrons, and brownish basal area. Larvae are dark brown, orange on the sides, with black stripes. Pupae are reddish brown with mottling and black stripes.
Size: Wingspan: 55-65 mm.
Field Signs: Flight period: mid-June to late August.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5T4 NNR S2S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Openings including meadows and grasslands.
Food
Adults nectar on alfalfa, bergamot, and yellow composites. Larvae feed on violets.
Annual Schedule
Although Aphrodites mate in midsummer, egg laying occurs during the second half of August. One brood per year. The first instar larvae crawl immediately after hatching under available cover to hibernate for the winter.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 9 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Speyeria aphrodite whitehousei. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 25, 2008). Acorn, J., and I. Sheldon. 2006. Butterflies of British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alta, Bird, C. D., G. I. Hilchie, N. G. konda, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Layberry, R. A., P. W. Hall, and J. D. Lafontaine. 1998. The butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont. Taron, D. 2003. Aphrodite Fritillary, Goddess of Butterflies. Chicago Wilderness Magazine. Summer Issue. Available at: http://chicagowildernessmag.org/issues/summer2003/aphrodite.html
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 10 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.3 Ashy Pebblesnail - Fluminicola fuscus
Description
General: Description limited to a small aquatic snail with a rounded, conical, shell. Like all members of its family, the Ashy Pebblesnail has gills and thus requires streams with a high dissolved oxygen content.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa Hydrobiidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G2 NX SH No Red -
Distribution
This species has not been collected since 1863, and is possibly extirpated. There are two records dated 1863 from the Kootenay and Wigwam rivers. Besides the two known records, this species may also be found in the Columbia and Okanagan rivers in BC.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Restricted to rivers with swift current and stable gravel-boulder substrates in cold, clear, unpolluted, non turbid, highly oxygenated water.
Special Habitat Features: Clean, running water and gravely substrate.
Annual Schedule
The biology of the species is poorly known. These Ashy Pebblesnail is short- lived, usually reaching sexual maturity within a year, at which time it breeds and die.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 11 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
Frest T.J. 1997. Freshwater molluscs known or likely to occur in southern British Columbia. Unpublished report submitted to the BC Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC, Canada. Hershler, Robert and Terrence J. Frest, 1996. A Review of the North American reshwater Snail Genus Fluminicola (Hydrobiidae). 41 pages. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Lee, J.S. 2000. Freshwater molluscs of British Columbia: assessments for all known or potential taxa. Unpubl. rep. submitted to the BC Conservation Data Centre, Minist. Envrion., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. Pacific Biodiversity Institute. 2008. Columbia Pebblesnail (Great Columbia River Spire Snail). In Endangered species information network. Available at: http://www.pacificbio.org/ESIN/OtherInvertebrates/GreatColRiverSpireSnail/ GreatColRiverSpireSnail_pg.html
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 12 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.4 Attenuate Fossaria - Fossaria truncatula
Description
General: Small mollusk with elongate-ovate, dextrally coiled shell. The opening is ear-shaped.
Size: 8 mm
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Lymnaeidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G3Q N3 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary and Kootenay Lake Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Water bodies with mud bottoms.
Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
Ovoviviparous hermaphrodite. No other details.
Literature Cited
Aquabase.org. 2008. Escargots. Available at: http://www.aquabase.org/shell/ Lee, J. S. 2000. Freshwater mollusks. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Brochure, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 13 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.5 Banded Tigersnail - Anguispira kochi
Description
General: Heliciform, brown spiraled shell. Six whorls with axial riblets becoming coarser and less regular on subsequent whorls. Non-flared apertural lip. Pale brown gastropod with grayish tentacles.
Size: Width: 25.5 mm
Taxonomy: Because the western population of this species is disjunct from eastern populations, it is often treated as a distinct subspecies, A. k. occidentalis.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Discidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N3N4 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Found in southeast BC: Kootenay Lake, Kootenay River and southern Columbia River.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Found on damp earth and under litter in moist, well-vegetated riparian forests.
Structural stages: 5-7
Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
No information. Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 14 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Anguispira kochi. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 22, 2008). Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum Handbook, Victoria, BC. Pilsbry, H.A. 1939-1948. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). 1939: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 3, 2(2): i-xlvii, 521-1113.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 15 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.6 Black-footed Tightcoil - Pristiloma chersinella
Description
General: Land snail with a flattened, heliciform, glossy and translucent yellowish shell with fine incremental striae, 4 ½ - 5 rounded whorls, crescent-shaped aperture without denticulate ribs, and small umbilicus. White snail with black pigmentation on foot and edge of mantle.
Size: Width: 3.3 mm
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Zonitidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G3G4 N3N4 S3S4 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Montane species found under rocks in slides, moss, sticks, bark and logs in wet, coniferous subalpine forests and meadows.
Structural stage: 6-7
Elevations: 1200-1740 m
Special Habitat Features: ground structure (e.g., coarse woody debris).
Food
No information.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 16 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
No information.
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008 . Conservation Status Report: Pristiloma chersinella . B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 25, 2008 ). Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum handbook, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 17 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.7 Checkered Skipper - Pyrgus communis
Description
General: Adults: Variable in colour and patterns, this butterfly is brownish-black with large white spots. Ventrally, the hindwing is pale eggshell-white with two major and two minor rows of olive-tan, greenish spots. Larvae: tan with a median line, brown sides with a white line, and a black head. Pupae: mostly green, with some brown.
Size: Wingspan: 23-29 mm.
Field Signs: Flight season lasts from mid-May to October. Eggs: pale green.
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Lepidoptera Hesperiidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N4 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Dry open habitats including old fields and open pine stands, and roadsides with weedy and grassy plants.
Structural stages: 1-3
Special Habitat Features: Low vegetation, flowers, and patches of bare ground.
Food Adults feed on Aster spp. and Erigeron spp. Larvae feed on mallow family plants.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 18 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
There are two broods from May to September.
Literature Cited
Acorn, J., and I. Sheldon. 2006. Butterflies of British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alta. B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Pyrgus communis. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 20, 2008). Bird, C. D., G. I. Hilchie, N. G. Konda, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Layberry, R. A., P. W. Hall, and J. D. Lafontaine. 1998. The butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 19 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.8 Coeur d’Alene Oregonian - Cryptomastix mullani
Description
General: Medium-sized land snail with a brownish, heliciform to depressed heliciform shell with weak spiral striae and approximately 16 whorls. Thick, and strongly recurved, apertural lip.
Size: 12-17 mm wide.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Polygyridae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4 N4 S3S5 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: This snail lives in the vicinity of streams, under rocks and logs, and on forest vegetation.
Special Habitat Features: Ground debris and structural complexity.
Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
No information.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 20 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum Handbook, Victoria, BC. Forsyth, R. G. 2008. Terrestrial gastropods of the Columbia Basin, British Columbia. Living Landscapes. Royal BC Museum, Victoria, BC, available at: http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/cbasin/molluscs/pdf/mollusc3.pdf
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 21 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.9 Emma’s Dancer - Argia emma
Description
General: Long-legged damsel with a narrow black stripe on the top of the thorax that is less than half as wide as adjacent pale stripes. Sexes: Males – striking violet with a blue tip to the abdomen; Females – brown.
Size: Males – 36 mm; Females: 37 mm.
Filed Signs: Damsels typically rest in a standard spread-legged posture on rocks or logs nearby streams.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N3N4 S3S4 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: IDF
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary Forest District.
Habitat
General: Found along fast-flowing rivers and streams, and sometimes wave- washed lake beaches. Larvae found in debris and plant stems in creek pools and under rocks in riffles.
Food
On the basis of observations in captivity, this species appears to be omnivore.
Annual Schedule
Flight period is from early June to late September.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 22 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
Cannings, R. A.. 2002. Introducting the dragonflies of British Columbia and the Yukon. Royal BC Museum, Victoria, BC. Manolis, T. 2003. Dragonflies and damselflies of California. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 23 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.10 Glossy Valvata - Valvata humeralis
Description
General: Species poorly described in the literature. Small freshwater gastropod. Shell with short depressed spires, umbilicus and multispiral circular opercula. Presence of a single feather-like gill on the left side and a single pallial tentacle carried on the right side, both externally visible as the snail crawls.
Size: Height: < 8 mm
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Heterostropha Valvatidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5Q N2N4 SH No Red -
Distribution
There is one record dated 1883 from the Upper Columbia Lake (now Columbia Lake).
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District.
Habitat
General: This species has been found in the United States in ditches, spring outflows and pools, lakes, ponds, marshes and slow perennial streams.
Food No information.
Annual Schedule
No information.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 24 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008 . Conservation Status Report: Valvata humeralis. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 22, 2008 ). Lee, J.S. 2000. Freshwater molluscs of British Columbia: assessments for all known or potential taxa. Unpubl. rep. submitted to the BC Conservation Data Centre, Minist. Envrion., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. Lee, J. S., and J.D. Ackerman. 1998a. British Columbia freshwater molluscs held at the Canadian Museum of Nature listed by species. Report prepared for the Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC. Oliver, G. V. , and W. R. Bosworth III. 1999. Rare, imperiled, and recently extinct or extirpated mollusks of Utah[:] a literature review. Publication number 99-29. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City Perez,K. E. S. A. Clark, and C. Lydeard. 2004. A Primer to freshwater gastropod identification. University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 25 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.11 Jutta Arctic - Oeneis jutta chermocki
Description
General: Large brownish butterfly mottled with black on the underside. Forewings and hindwings with a band of yellowish-orange shapes near the edge. Males have a dark stigma (scent scales to attract females) near the center of the forewing. Presence of dorsal orange-ringed spots. Ventrally, presence of ocelli with white pupils. Larvae: pale green with lateral stripes and reddish hairs, and a reddish-brown head with six rows of brownish dots.
Size: 35-55 mm
Field Signs: Flight Period: June-July. Eggs: barrel-shaped and ribbed.
Taxonomy: There are 3 subspecies: O. j. alaskensis, O. j. ridingiana, and O. J. chermocki. The latter is found in the areas reviewed in this document.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5T4Q NNR S4 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF, ICH, MS
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Spruce-sphagnum bogs and tundra, and grassy lodgepole pine forests.
Structural stages: 5-7
Special Habitat Features: Lodgepole pine stands.
Food
Larvae feed on the leaves of sedges and jointed rush, and possibly grasses.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 26 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
There is one brood per year. The larvae overwinter.
Literature Cited
Acorn, J., and I. Sheldon. 2006. Butterflies of British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alta. Bird, C. D., G. I. Hilchie, N. G. konda, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Layberry, R. A., P. W. Hall, and J. D. Lafontaine. 1998. The butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 27 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.12 Lambda Snaggletooth - Gastrocopta holzingeri
Description
General: Tiny land snail with a subcylindrical, glassy-white shell. Aperture with 6 denticles; one of them, when seen in basal view, has the shape of lambda (λ), a unique feature among land snails. Aperture lip thin and extended, with an oblique crest behind.
Size: Height: 1.6-1.9 mm
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Pupillidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N3N4 S3? No Blue -
Distribution
The only records in BC came from Columbia Lake.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Found in the moist litter of wooded slopes and cliffs.
Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
No information.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 28 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
Anonymous. 2008. Lambda snaggletooth, Gastrocopta holzingeri. Rare species explorer. Michigan State University Extension, available at: http://web4.canr.msu.edu/mnfi/explorer/species.cfm?id=12433 Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum Handbook Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 29 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.13 Magnum Mantleslug - Magnipelta mycophaga
Description
General: Large, black-spotted tan slug. Enormous, black-spotted, smooth mantle covering most of the back, with irregular, lateral black stripe. Mantle free from the head. Pneumostone slightly posterior to the midline of the right side of the mantle. Narrow pedal margin, no caudal pore.
Size: Length: ≤ 80 mm.
Field Signs: This species spreads its mantle in a wing-like fashion when threatened.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Arionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G3 N2N3 S2S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF, ICH, IDF, MS
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Found under or in coarse woody debris and bark, and in depressions, in cool moist coniferous, undisturbed, forests often near water.
Structural stages: 6-7
Elevations: Low- to mid-elevation sites.
Special Habitat Features: Coarse woody debris.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 30 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Food
This slug feeds on fungi, green plant material, and possibly moss.
Annual Schedule
Reproduction may occur early in the year. Copulation was observed in May.
Literature Cited
Brunson, R. B. and N. Kevern. 1963. Observations of a colony of Magnipelta. Nautilus July 1963:23-27. Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum handbook, Victoria, BC. Hendricks, P. 2003. Status and conservation management of terrestrial mollusks of special concern in Montana. Unpublished report prepared for the U.S. Forest Service. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. Pilsbry, H. A. 1953. Magnipelta, a new genus of Arionidae from Idaho. The Nautilus 67:37-38. Pilsbry, H. A. and R. B. Brunson. 1954. The Idaho-Montana slug Magnipelta (Arionidae). Notulae Naturae 262:1-6
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 31 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.14 Mead’s Sulphur - Colias meadii
Description
General: Adults: males are orange on the upperside; wings edged with a wide dull black border. Females are lighter orange, with a brown-black border interrupted with orange spots. In bright light, a purplish sheen is sometimes visible on the wings, a trace of the extensive ultraviolet reflectance in this species. Males have distinctive oval orange spot on the hindwing on the upperside, often hidden under the lower margin of the forewing. Greenish-yellow underneath, with silverfish white spot outlined in red on hindwing. Populations tend to be darker at higher elevations and more northerly latitudes. Larvae: yellowish-green body with many black dots and pale lateral stripe; many black bumps and short hairs. Pupae: yellow green, with a dark line down each side of the back.
Size: Wingspan: 3-5 cm
Field Signs: Butterflies fly very quickly and erratically; upon landing, they conceal themselves with vegetation. Flight period: July and August. Eggs: conical, tapered towards each end, and yellow green.
Taxonomy: Only the subspecies elis is found in Canada.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4G5 N4N5 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF and At. Even though the species is listed within ESSF inventories, it is more often associated with the alpine range, high up in the mountains, near the timberline.
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District.
Habitat
General: Found at higher elevations, at or near treeline, in alpine and subalpine meadows, windy ridges, and rocky slopes.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 32 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Structural stages: 1-2
Elevations: subalpine-alpine altitudes.
Special Habitat Features: Leguminosae, meadows
Food Larvae feed on various members of the pea family.
Annual Schedule Overwintering of larvae September - May (diapause) Emergence, molt and May - June pupa Flight July - August
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Colias meadii. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 20, 2008). Bernier, D., and G. Proulx. 2006. Identification and management of species and plant communities at risk: BC Timber Sales, Prince George Business Area. Alpha Wildlife Publications. Bird, C. D., G. I. Hilchie, N. G. konda, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Guppy, C. S., and J. H. Shepard. 2001. Butterflies of British Columbia. UBC Press, and Royal British Columbi Museum, Victoria, BC. Layberry, R. A., P. W. Hall, and J. D. Lafontaine. 1998. The butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont. Proulx, G., D. Bernier, and F. P. Caffrey. 2004. A field guide to species at risk in Canfor’s Planning Areas in Central Interior British Columbia – 2004. Alpha Wildlife Publications, Sherwood Park, Alberta. Pyle, R. M. 1998. National Audubon Society field guide to North American butterflies. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 33 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.15 Mormon Fritillary - Speyeria mormonia eurynome
Description
General: Adults: This is a butterfly highly variable in colour intensity. It is orange-brown above, with a complex pattern of black spots, bars and stripes, and a black border which is wider in females. The forewing underside is orange with narrow black markings, and the hindwing underside is lighter with greenish or silvery. The Mormon Fritillary is smaller than other Speyeria, and has a noticeably large body in relationship to its wing size. Larvae: almost black with a broad, pale, mid-dorsal spine.
Size: 40-50 mm.
Field Signs: Flight Period: mainly July-August.
Taxonomy: There are three subspecies: bischoffi (yellow-listed), erinna (red- listed), and eurynome (red-listed). The latter is of interest for the areas reviewed in this document.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5TNR NNR S1S3 No Red -
Distribution
This butterfly can be common in the mountains, where it occurs in dry grassy meadows at high elevations.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF
Forest Districts: Headwaters
Known Locations: no specifics.
Habitat
General: S. m. euryome is associated with the boreal and the Rocky Mountain regions. Habitats include prairie grassland, mixed forests, forest openings, riparian sites, and alpine meadows.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 34 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Structural stages: Mainly early-seral stages.
Elevations: From sea level to mountain tops.
Food Larvae feed on violets.
Literature Cited
Acorn, J., and I. Sheldon. 2006. Butterflies of British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alta, Bird, C. D., G. I. Hilchie, N. G. Konda, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Layberry, R. A., P. W. Hall, and J. D. Lafontaine. 1998. The butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont. Pyle, R. M. 1998. National Audubon Society field guide to North American butterflies. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 35 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.16 Old World Swallowtail - Papilio machaon
Description
General: Adults: Striking butterfly with wings fairly rounded and tails rather short. Black background above with yellow spots along outer margins. Presence of an oblong hind wing pupil in the eyespot that is connected to the black margin around the spot. Hairs at the base of the legs are yellow. Larvae are bright green to blue-green with black bands and orange spots. Pupae are brown or green. Swallowtail larvae have a forklike gland, which, when everted, emits a very disagreeable odor, that discourages predators.
Size: 60-70mm
Field Signs: Flight Periods: April-May and July-August. Eggs: spherical, yellow.
Taxonomy: The Papilio machaon group of swallowtails is one of the most complex groups of butterflies in North America. Over the years, definitions of species, subspecies and forms have varied widely. In British Columbia, the Old World Swallowtail is represented by the following subspecies: P. m. oregonius (the most common), P. m. hudsonianus, P. m. dodi, P. m aliaska. Subspecies of P. machaon are best distinguished by location and habitat: • P. m. oregonius is found in the south of the province. It has a distinct dark pupil in the eye spot, and is relatively large and long-winged. • P. m aliaska is found in the north. It is a striking butterfly, with a hind wing eyespot that is entirely red in the centre, with no black pupil. • The P. m. hudsonianus (Hudsonian Old World Swallowtail) is found in central interior BC. • P. m. dodi (Dod’s Old World Swallowtail) is a southern subspecies that may be a hybrid between Papilio zelicaon (this is the Artemisia Swallowtail, a species similar to the Old World Swallowtail) and one or more subspecies of P. machaon. This is the subspecies pertinent to the areas that are being reviewed in this document.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5T4T5 NNR S1 No Red -
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 36 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Exposed hilltops, ridge tops in valleys, eroding hillsides in prairie grasslands.
Structural stage: 1.
Elevations: From valleys to hill tops.
Special Habitat Features: Hilltops, high open grounds.
Food Nectar sources include groundsel (Senecio spp.), sweet broom (Hedysarum spp.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Larvae of P. m. dodi feed exclusively on Tarragon (Dragonwort - Artemesia dracunculus).
Annual Schedule
Pupae produced in late summer may emerge as adults the following year, or later (≥ 1 year).
Literature Cited
Acorn, J., and I. Sheldon. 2006. Butterflies of British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alta, Layberry, R. A., P. W. Hall, and J. D. Lafontaine. 1998. The butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont. Pyle, R. M. 1998. National Audubon Society field guide to North American butterflies. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, new York. Schmidt, B. C 2008. Papilio machaon dodi. Available at: http://www.entomology.ualberta.ca/searching_species_details.php?c=8&rnd= 20014223&s=2443# Sperling, F. A. H. 1987. Evolution of the Papilio machaon species group in western Canada (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 23: 198-314.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 37 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.17 Pale Jumping Slug - Hemphillia camelus
Description
General: Large, pale, brownish or grayish, speckled slug with darker spots. Wrinkled, mantle with lateral bands, without papillae. Unkeeled tail, without caudal horn.
Size: Length: 55 mm.
Field Signs: When endangered, the pale Jumping Slug trashes from side to side, and flips itself away from danger. Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Arionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4 N3N4 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH, IDF, MS, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Mossy stumps, coarse woody debris and litter of coniferous forests.
Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
No information.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 38 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Hemphillia camelus. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 24, 2008). Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum handbook, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 39 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.18 Pelidne Sulphur - Colias pelidne
Description
General: Yellow on the upper side, greenish on the underside with red-ringed spot. Males are often white, with solid wing borders. Females may be white; wing borders absent or scalloped.
Size: Wingspan: 35-45 mm.
Field Signs: Flight Period: late June - early August.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: At
Forest Districts: Kootenay Lake and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Tundra, sub-alpine forests and shrubby areas, alpine.
Structural stages: 1-3
Elevations: 1800-3500 m
Special Habitat Features: Ericacae
Food
Larvae feed on Vaccinium spp. and other Ericacae.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 40 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
One brood per year.
Literature Cited
Acorn, J., and I. Sheldon. 2006. Butterflies of British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alta. Bird, C. D., G. I. Hilchie, N. G. Konda, E. M. Pike, and F. A. H. Sperling. 1995. Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 41 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.19 Pygmy Slug - Kootenaia burkei
Description
General: Very small slug with the head extending relatively short distance beyond an elliptical, wrinkled, grayish-tan, dark blotched mantle that is half the size of the body length; unkeeled, blue-flecked tail rounded dorsally; series of shallow parallel, longitudinal and oblique, dark grooves; and wide, undivided sole. Pneumostome positioned slightly posterior to middle of right side of mantle.
Size: Length: 1.4 cm
Taxonomy: This is a new genus and species of arionid slug based on comparative, interspecific, anatomical and molecular data analyses.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Arionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G2 N1N2 S1? No Red -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts
Habitat
General: Found either on or under woody debris, moss, or leaf litter in moist, mixedwood riparian forests.
Structural stages: 6-7
Special Habitat Features: Late-successional riparian forests with coarse woody debris.
Food The Pygmy Slug was found feeding on lichens.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 42 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
Little published information exists on the species.
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Kootenaia burkei. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 21, 2008). Leonard, W.P., L. Chichester, J. Baugh, and T. Wilke. 2003. Kootenaia burkei, a new genus and species of slug from northern Idaho, United States (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae). Zootaxa 355: 1-16. Ovaska, K. and L. Sopuck. 2007. Surveys for terrestrial gastropods at risk in southeastern British Columbia, July - September 2007. Report prepared for Min. Environment, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 43 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.20 Rocky Mountainsnail - Oreohelix strigosa
Description
General: Opaque, flattened-heliciform, pale, grayish brown shell with one prominent darker brown band and at least a narrower one, coarse riblets and striae, and 6 convex whorls. Spire low-conical, but variable among populations. Ovate to round aperture, without denticles, but with a slightly flared lip in most mature shells.
Size: 16-26 mm wide.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Oreohelicidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N3 S3S4 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: It is found in or near limestone debris at the base of shady cliffs, and under coarse woody debris and stones, in a variety of habitats near streams, forests and vegetated rockslides. The composition of the plant community appears to be of little importance, dominant plant species where it occurs range from sagebrush to a wide variety of deciduous shrubs and trees and a similarly wide variety of coniferous shrubs and trees.
Elevations: Elevations: 240 to > 3000 m.
Special Habitat Features: Exposed limestone.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 44 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
No information. Ovoviviparous.
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Oreohelix strigosa. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 24, 2008). Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum handbook, Victoria, BC. Jones, D.T. 1940. A study of the Great Basin land snail Oreohelix strigosa depressa (Cockerell). Bulletin of the University of Utah, 31(4):1-43. Royal B.C. Museum. 2008. Living landscapes. Available at: http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/cbasin/molluscs/oreohelicidae.html
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 45 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.21 Rocky Mountain Ridged Mussel - Gonidea angulata
Description
General: Adults: Large freshwater mussel with a bluish-black, trapezoidal, thin, bivalve shell with a medium-sized hinge with indistinct anterior teeth, and conspicuous growth rings. The dorsal valve has a sharp, prominent ridge at the beak. The inside of the shell is white tinged with coppery blue. Juveniles: greenish shell is or ochre.
Size: Length: 125 mm. Height: 65 mm. Width: 40 mm.
Field Signs: Mussels are partially or completely buried in finer substrates with their posterior end directed upstream.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Unionoida Unionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G3 N1 S1 No Red SC
Distribution
Two distinct, fragmented populations are known in British Columbia: one on the Okanagan River, and one on the Kootenay River. The size of these populations is unknown.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary Forest District
Habitat
General: Freshwater habitats (lakes, streams, large creeks, rivers) with well- oxygenated substrates (gravel to firm mud) and fine material (e.g., sand, silt or clay), and with a scarcity of macrophytes. Mussels are found in shallow (< 3 m) waters with a constant flow and low turbidity.
Elevations: Low.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 46 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Special Habitat Features: Well-oxygenated water, firm substrates, and fine material.
Food The Rocky Mountain Ridged Mussel is an obligate filter feeder; it probably feeds on bacteria and algae, which they ingest by filtering the water.
Annual Schedule Internal fertilization of the female followed by the production of small larvae (glochidia) in April-July. Larvae attach themselves for 2-12 weeks to the gills or fins of an unknown host fish, drop off the host fish once they have become juvenile mussels, and float to the bottom where they begin their benthic life.
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Gonidea angulata. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 21, 2008). Clarke, A. H. 1981. The freshwater molluscs of Canada. National Museum of Natural History, National Museums of Canada. COSEWIC 2003. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Rocky Mountain Ridged Mussel Gonidea angulata in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. Environment Canada. 2008. Rocky Mountain Ridged Mussel. Available at: http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=791 Taylor, D. W. 1981. Freshwater mollusks of California: a distributional checklist. California Fish and Game, 67(3): 140-163.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 47 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.22 Rotund Physa - Physella columbiana
Description
General: Large, rotund, solid shell, prominent growth lines, and reddish apertutal callus are distinctive.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Physidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G2 N1N2 S1 No Red -
Distribution
Historic records are only from the lower Columbia River from where it may be extinct due to loss of habitat.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Large rivers with deep, clear, well-oxygenated water of the Columbia River drainage. Physa are found on the underside of rocks and boulders.
Elevations: Low elevations only
Special Habitat Features: Clean waters, rocks, and boulders.
Food The Rotund Physa is a grazer.
Annual Schedule
Little is known about the biology of this species.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 48 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
Frest, T. J., and E. J. Johannes. 1995. Interior Columbia Basin mollusk species of special concern. Final report to the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. Walla Walla, WA, USA.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 49 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.23 Shortface Lanx - Fisherola nuttalli
Description
General: Small, conical, egg-shaped, reddish-brown shell with a high-arched apex at the far back, and noticeable growth lines.
Size: Length: 8 mm. Width: 6.25 mm. Height: 3 mm.
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatophora Lymnaeidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G2 N1 SH No Red -
Distribution
One occurrence is known from “River Kootanie East”, which was collected between 1859 and 1861.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: No specifics.
Forest Districts: No specifics.
Habitat
General: Highly oxygenated, clean, fast-flowing, 30- to 100-m-wide rivers and streams with a diatom-covered cobbles and boulders, and a paucity of macrophytes.
Special Habitat Features: Cobble-boulder substrate in fast running waters.
Food Feed by scraping algae and diatoms from rock surfaces in the streams.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 50 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
Present all year, but not active in winter. Eggs are laid from spring to autumn in gelatinous capsules attached to plants, stones, or other objects. They lack a free- swimming larval stage, and hatch as young snails, anatomically complete except for the reproductive system.
Literature Cited
Hannibal, H. 1912. A synopsis of the recent and tertiary freshwater mollusca of the Californian Province, based upon an ontogenetic classification. Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond. X(II):112-165. Hyman, L.L. 1967. The invertebrates. Vol VI. Mollusca I. McGraw-Hill, New York. Lee, J.S. 2000. Freshwater molluscs of British Columbia: assessments for all known or potential taxa. Unpubl. rep. submitted to the BC Conservation Data Centre, Minist. Environ., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. Neitzel, D.A., and T.J. Frest. 1989. Survey of Columbia River Basin streams for giant Columbia River spire snail Flumincola columbiana and great Columbia River limpet Fisherola nuttelli. Tech. Rep. #PNL7103, Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 51 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.24 Silky Vallonia - Vallonia cyclophorella
Description
General: Small, flattened-heliciform, clear white or yellowish brown shell with low spire. Closely spaced, regular ribs and fine striae between them. Ovate aperture, wider than its height, with lip flaring outward,without denticles.
Size: Width: 3.4 mm
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Valloniidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N4 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Found under coarse woody debris and leaf litter in dry forests and rocky areas.
Structural stage: 5-7
Elevations: 1400-3250 m
Special Habitat Features: Coarse woody debris, litter.
Food
No information.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 52 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
No information.
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Vallonia cyclophorella. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 24, 2008). Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum handbook, Victoria, BC. Gerber, J. 1996. Revision der Gattung Vallonia Risso 1826 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Valloniidae). Schriften zur Malakozoologie 8: 1-227.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 53 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.25 Subalpine Mountainsnail - Oreohelix subrudis
Description
General: Heliciform or almost behive-shaped, opaque, rough-textured, pale, grayish or dark brown, with dark brown bands, coarse riblets, 6 convex whorls, and domed spire. Ovate or rounded aperture.
Size: Width: 16-23 mm.
Taxonomy: There are two species known in British Columbia.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Stylommatophora Oreohelicidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N3N4 S3S4 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: In forests and subalpine meadows, under coarse woody debris, rocks and vegetation. The species has been reported under igneous and limestone talus.
Food
No information.
Annual Schedule
No information. Ovoviviparus
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 54 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
Anonymous. 2006. Species at risk (SAR) list for Arizona and New Mexico - September 2006. Available at: http://www.specieznm.org/members/pdfs/risk/AppE_FINAL_SAR_LIST_Sep06.xls B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Oreohelix subrudis. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 24, 2008). Forsyth, R. G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum handbook, Victoria, BC. Royal B.C. Museum. 2008. Living landscapes. Available at: http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/cbasin/molluscs/oreohelicidae.html
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 55 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.26 Swamp Fingersnail - Musculium partumeium
Description
General: Small, coffee tan shell with numerous, very fine, concentric rows of elevated lines (striae) covering the surface. Posterior end nearly at right angles with dorsal margin. The right valve has one cardinal tooth and two pairs of lateral teeth. The left valve has two cardinal teeth and two lateral teeth. Also know as the Swamp Peaclam.
Size: Length: > 2 mm
Taxonomy: There may be difficulties in identifying this species, as there are no distinct differences between M. partumeium and M. securis
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5 SH No Red -
Distribution
One occurrence was known from Kootenay Lake in 1969. No other specimen has been collected since 1969; the lake it was found in has since then been exposed to industrial chemical contaminants and to exotic species of shrimp.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Kootenay Lake Forest District.
Habitat
General: Ponds, small lakes, swamps, and slow-moving streams with muddy bottoms
Special Habitat Features: Slow-moving water with muddy bottoms.
Food This is an obligate filter feeder.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 56 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
Little is known about the biology of this species.
Literature Cited
Lee, J.S. 2000. Freshwater molluscs of British Columbia: assessments for all known or potential taxa. Unpubl. rep. submitted to the BC Conservation Data Centre, Minist. Envrion., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. Lee, J. S., and J.D. Ackerman. 1998a. British Columbia freshwater molluscs held at the Canadian Museum of Nature listed by species. Report prepared for the Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 57 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.27 Threeridge Valvata - Valvata tricarinata
Description
General: Freshwater snail with brownish green, translucent, small, solid shell with a depressed spire, and with three distinctive prominent carinae (spiral ridges) around a flattened body whorl. Round, horny, and multispiral operculum.
Size: Height: 5 mm Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Heterostropha Valvatidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5 SH No Red -
Distribution
One occurrence was known from Kootenay Lake in 1969. No other specimen has been collected since 1969; the lake it was found in has since then been exposed to industrial chemical contaminants and to exotic species of shrimp.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Kootenay Lake Forest District
Habitat
General: Found on soft substrate and among the vegetation of perennial, cold lakes, and portions of large rivers and streams.
Special Habitat Features: Palustrine environment with macrophytes.
Food
Water filtering or grazing.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 58 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
Egg masses are deposited on aquatic vegetation, detached leaves of deciduous trees and smooth surfaces.
Literature Cited
Clarke, A.H. 1981. The freshwater molluscs of Canada. National Museum of Natural History, National Museums of Canada. Frest, T. J., and E. J. Johannes. 1995. Interior Columbia Basin mollusk species of special concern. Final report to the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. Walla Walla, WA, USA. Lee, J.S. 2000. Freshwater molluscs of British Columbia: assessments for all known or potential taxa. Unpubl. rep. submitted to the BC Conservation Data Centre, Minist. Envrion., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. Lee, J. S., and J.D. Ackerman. 1998a. British Columbia freshwater molluscs held at the Canadian Museum of Nature listed by species. Report prepared for the Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC. Perez,K. E., S. A. Clark, and C. Lydeard. 2004. A Primer to freshwater gastropod identification. University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 59 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.28 Western River Cruiser - Macromia magnifica
Description
General: Adults: Large, long-legged, dark brown dragonfly with one thoracic yellow band, and one yellow band on the top of each abdominal segment. Yellow face with dark brown marks, and greyish eyes on top of the head. Larvae with spider-like legs and horn between the eyes. The wings are clear, bordered in the front by yellow costal veins.
Size: Males – 69 mm; Females – 71 mm.
Field Signs: both sexes perch vertically on vegetation. Flight period: early June to late September.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mandibulata Insecta Odonata Macromiidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N3 S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: IDF
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary Forest District
Habitat
General: Adults presumably have broad habitat requirements, needing only open areas with abundant flying insects. Larvae inhabit clean, often sand-bottomed, lowland rivers and lakes.
Elevations: Lowlands.
Food
Often feed in open areas far from water.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 60 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule
Males search for females by patrolling in a swift, direct flight over open water a few meters from shore. After patrolling the water in one direction, the return trip is often made over land. Females strike their abdomen on the water surface while laying eggs. Mature larvae emerge in late June- early July.
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Macromia magnifica. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 24, 2008). Cannings, R.A. 2002. Introducing the dragonflies of British Columbia and the Yukon. Royal B.C. Musueum., Victoria, BC. Cannings, S. G. 2003. Status of western river cruiser Macromia magnifica Mclachlan in British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Biodiversity Branch, andB.C. Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management Conservation Data Centre, Wildlife Bulletin No. B-111, Victoria BC. Dunkle, S. 2000. Dragonflies through binoculars. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, NY. Walker, E.M. 1937. A new Macromia from British Columbia. Can. Entomol. 69:5-13.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 61 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
2.29 Winged Floater - Anodonta nuttalliana
Description
General: Dark bivalve with relatively thin, light, and fragile shells, with a compressed outline, the height of the posterior half of the shells being greater than the height of the anterior half. The inside of the shells is blueish white.
Size: Shell length:height ratio usually 1.5 or less. Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Mollusca Bivalvia Unionoida Unionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G3G4Q N3N4 S3S4 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, ESSF, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary and Kootenay Lake Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: This species occurs in rivers and lakes on muddy and sandy bottoms.
Elevations: Low elevation areas
Food
It is an obligate filter feeder.
Annual Schedule
Little is known about life history and the glochidial host is unknown. They are probably long-term brooders as gravid females have been observed in October.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 62 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Literature Cited
Clarke, A.H. 1981. The freshwater mollusks of Canada. Natural Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, D. W. Friesen and Sons, Ltd.: Ottawa, Canada. Nedeau, E., A.K. Smith, and J. Stone. 2005. Freshwater mussels of the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Native Freshwater Mussel Workgroup, Vancouver, Washington.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 63 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
3.0 AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 64 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
3.1 Western Painted Turtle - Chrysemys picta bellii
Description
General: Adults: Olive green or blackish head (with horny beak), neck, tail and limbs with vivid yellow stripes. Deeply webbed hind feet. Brown black or olive green carapace (dorsal shell) is low, smooth, unkeeled and oval, with thin horny scutes and a faint mid-dorsal line running lengthwise. Red and orange plastron (vental shell) with dark cross-like design at the centre. Red markings on the bridge between the plastron and carapace. Sexes: Males - carapace with black reticulations; plastron more concave; longer claws on the forefeet; and longer and wider tail. Females – larger than males. Hatchlings: rounder, 25 mm-long carapace, slightly keeled along its length.
Size: Plastron length: Males: 9-17 cm. Females: ≤ 22 cm. C. p. bellii is the largest of all subspecies.
Field Signs: Often seen basking on logs along shores. Scutes may be found at basking sites. Eggs: 6-18 elliptical, white eggs (3 cm long and ≤ 9 g when laid) with slightly pitted shell that calcifies during incubation.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Chelonia Cryptodeira Emydidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5TNR NNR S2S3 No Blue SC
Distribution
Chrysemys picta bellii occurs in wetlands in low elevation forests and grasslands of western and central North America.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 65 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Habitat
General: Shallow waters of ponds, lakes, and marshes, and slow-moving streams with muddy substrates, submerged logs, abundant emergent aquatic vegetation, and mud banks with large woody debris or rocks. Breed, sleep and feed in water. Eggs are laid within 150 m from water’s edge, in soil or sand on gentle slopes with southern exposure and good drainage. Hibernate in mud bottoms of water bodies.
Special Habitat Features: Slow-moving waters with emergent aquatic vegetation and mud bottoms, and logs along shores.
Food
Western Painted Turtles feed on invertebrates and carrion.
Annual Schedule Courtship Early spring Egg laying June – early July females can store sperm) Hatching/ Young late August – early September Hiberbation fall and winter
Literature Cited
COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Western Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta bellii (Pacific Coast population, Intermountain-Rocky Mountain population and Prairie/Western Boreal - Canadian Shield population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. Gregory, P.T., and R.W. Campbell. 1987. The reptiles of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook. Ministry of Provincial Secretary and Government Services, Victoria, B.C.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 66 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.0 BIRDS
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 67 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.1 Band-tailed Pigeon - Patagioenas fasciata
Description
General: Adults: Large, dark gray bird with black-tipped yellow bill, and yellow legs. There is a characteristic pale broad band across the end of the fanlike tail. Juvenile: All gray; bills and legs may also be gray.
Size: Body length: 37 cm. weight: 360 g.
Voice: Deep, owl-like hooting
Field Signs: Nest: loose platform of branches and twigs, near the main stem of a tree or shrub, 4-9 m from the ground, often next to an opening or above a slope. Nest sites may be re-used from year to year. Eggs: One smooth, elliptical, and white.
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animlia Craniata Aves Columbiformes Columbidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4 N4B S3S4B No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District.
Habitat
General: The Band-tailed Pigeon inhabits forests of all types, and suburban areas. Interior populations nest in mountains, with highest densities in lodgepole pine- dominated and spruce-Douglas-fir-subalpine fir stands. Mineral springs and mineral graveling sites are important for mineral intake by adults, especially during the nesting season
Structural stages: All.
Elevations: 0-760 m
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 68 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Special Habitat Features: Mineral licks, particularly during the breeding season.
Food
Band-tailed pigeons feed on new buds, flowers, nuts, seeds, grain and berries; they also eat some insects
Annual Schedule Migration September - February Eggs March – Mid-August Young Late March – early September
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Patagioenas fasciata. B.C. Ministry of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. M. Kaiser, and M. C. E. McNall. 1990. The birds of British Columia. Vol. 2. Nonpasserines. Diurnal birds of prey through woodpeckers. Royal British Columbia Museum, and Environment Canada. Harrison, C. 1984. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Toronto, Ontario. Jarvis, R. L., and M. F. Passmore. 1992. Ecology of band-tailed pigeons in Oregon. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biol. Report 6. Keppie, D. M. and C. E. Braun. 2000. Band-tailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata). No. 530 In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The Birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Peterson, R. T. 1961. Western birds. Peterson Field Guides, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. Sibley, D. A. 2003. The Sibley field guide to birds of western North America. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. Stokes, D., and L. Stokes. 1996. Field guide to birds. Western Region. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Mass. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 69 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.2 Barn Swallow - Hirundo rustica
Description
General: Adults – A medium-sized, slender swallow with deeply forked tail and long wings. It has rusty underparts with a chestnut throat and forehead. It has a small, black, triangular-shaped bill. Males are dark blue above. They have a longer tail and a darker chestnut colour. Females and Juveniles have shorter tails and paler underparts.
Size: Body length: 15 cm. Weight: 20 g
Voice: Usually a long sequence of twittering “tit” squeaks, interrupted by a short rattle. When alarmed, a “chitchit” call.
Field Signs: Nest: open cup of mud pellets and grass; sparsely lined with grass and feathers. Nests stuck against a vertical surface, almost exclusively on man- made structures (under bridges, culverts, house eaves) but also on cliff edges and cave roofs. Eggs: 4-5, oval, dark-spotted white eggs. Tracks (1.7 – 2.5 cm long; 0.6 – 1.1 cm wide) common in muddy areas during the nest-building season; otherwise, rarely encountered. Flight: close to ground, with wing tips pulled back at end of strokes.
Taxonomy: Three subspecies have been recorded in North America. H. r. erythrogaster is widespread throughout the continent. H. r. rustica and H. r. gutturlis are native to Eurasia and have been observed in northwest North America
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Passeriformes Hirundinidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5B S3S4B No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, ESSF, ICH, IDF, MS, PP.
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 70 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Habitat
General: The Barn Swallow is found in open habitats (e.g., farmlands, fields, marshes, shopping malls, airports), often near open water where insects are abundant for foraging. Barn Swallows re-use same nesting areas and nests year after year.
Structural stages: Early-seral stages (1-3) for foraging.
Elevations: From sea level to 2400 m.
Special Habitat Features: Man-made structures providing support and overhead protection for the nest.
Food Usually forages in flight, within a few hundred meters of nest when breeding. Feeds on a wide variety of insects.
Annual Schedule Migration October - April Breeding initiation April – May Eggs June – early July Young Late June – mid-July
Literature Cited
Beal, F. E. l. 1918. Food habits of the swallow, a family of valuable native birds. USDA Bulletin no. 619. Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Coper, G. W. Kaiser, M. C. E. McNall, and G. E. J. Smith. 1997. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 3. Passerines: flycatchers through vireos. UBC Press, Vancouver, British Columbia. Elbroch, M., and E. Marks. 2001. Bird tracks and signs. A guide to North American species. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. Harrison, C. 1984. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Toronto, Ontario. Peterson, R. T. 1961. Western birds. Peterson Field Guides, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. Semenchuk, G. P. 1992. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, Alberta. Shields, W. M. 1984. Factors affecting nest and site fidelity in Adirondack barn swallows (Hirindo rustica). Auk 101: 798-824. Sibley, D. A. 2003. The Sibley field guide to birds of western North America. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. Stokes, D., and L. Stokes. 1996. Field guide to birds. Western Region. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Mass. Turner, A., and C. Rose. 1989. Swallows and martins: an identification guide. Houghton Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 71 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 72 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.3 Bobolink - Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Description
General: Adults: Male in spring is the only North American songbird to be dark below and light above. Black head with bold buffy-white nape. In flight, white rump is noticeable. Black bill during the breeding season; pinkish during the rest of the year. Female and fall male resemble large sparrows; buffy crown stripes and breast, and dark line behind the eyes. In all plumages, tail feathers are sharply pointed. Juveniles resemble breeding female but lack streaks below.
Size: Body length: 15-20 cm. Wingspan: 29 cm.
Voice: Flight songs are long bubbling and gurgling series of notes; characteristic call note “pink” in flight.
Field Signs: Nest: flimsy, made of grasses, sedges and weed stems, on the ground and concealed by tall weedy plants. Several pairs may nest in colonies. Eggs: 4-6, cinnamon with brown blotches.
Taxonomy: No subspecies recognized at present, and no geographic variation exists.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Passeriformes Icteridae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5B S3B No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts
Habitat
General: Cultivated contiguous hayfields (timothy, alfalfa), meadows and weedy fields with tall grass, forbs and shrubs.
Structural stages: 1-3
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 73 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Elevations: 280-950 m
Special Habitat Features: openings with tall grass.
Food
Diet during the breeding season consists of seeds, and larval and adult insects. Bobolink feed primarily as it walks slowly on ground. Young are fed invertebrates, mostly caterpillars.
Annual Schedule Non-breeding August - May (migratory) Breeding initiation June Eggs June - July Young July
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Dolichonyx oryzivorus. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 20, 2008). Bernier, D., and G. Proulx. 2006. Identification and management of species and plant communities at risk: BC Timber Sales, Prince George Business Area. Alpha Wildlife Publications. Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. W. Kaser, A. C. Stewart, and M. C. E. McNall. 2001. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 4. Wood- warblers through old world sparrows. UBC Press, Vancouver, BC. Harrison, C. 1984. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Toronto, Ontario. Martin, S. G., and T. A. Gavin. 1995. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America, No. 176, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC. National Geographic Society. 1983. Field guide o the birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washinton, DC. Proulx, G., D. Bernier, and F. P. Caffrey. 2004. A field guide to species at risk in Canfor’s Planning Areas in Central Interior British Columbia – 2004. Alpha Wildlife Publications, Sherwood Park, Alberta. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. Van Damme, L. M. 1999. Status of the bobolink in British Columbia. BC Minist. Environ., Wildl. Work. Rep. No. R-93.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 74 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.4 Brewer’s Sparrow - Spizella breweri breweri
Description
General: Small pale sparrow with a black-streaked brown crown, pale gray breast, and streaked brown rump. It has a distinctive white eye-ring, and a grayish- white eyebrow.
Size: Length: 14 cm
Voice: Long canary-like song.
Field Signs: Nest: a cup of dry grass and weeds located low (30 cm) in healthy shrubs. Eggs: 3-4 speckled, pale blue eggs.
Taxonomy: Two subspecies of Brewer’s Sparrow are currently recognized, S. breweri breweri (Sagebrush Brewer’s Sparrow) and S. breweri taverneri (Timberline Brewer’s Sparrow).
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5T4 NNR S2B Yes Red -
Distribution The Big Sagebrush shrub-steppe communities of the extreme southern portions of the southern interior.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Found in Sagebrush-dominated shrub-steppe habitats, in areas with large, well-developed perennials (e.g., parsnip-flowered buckwheat and lupine). Nests are typically found in sage communities that are not too dense (e.g., 20% foliage cover) but with contiguous grass cover. Adults and juveniles use aspen sapling stands after fledgling.
Structural stages: 2-3 (nesting), 4 - aspen saplings (post-fledgling).
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 75 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Elevations: < 1700 m
Special Habitat Features: Sagebrush
Food Sagebrush Brewer’s Sparrows feed on arthropods within sagebrush breeding habitat and young aspen stands.
Annual Schedule Migration September - April Breeding initiation Late April – May Eggs May – mid-July Young Late May – early August
Literature Cited
Gebauer, M. 2004. “Sagebrush” Brewer’s Sparrow. In K. Paige, editor, Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife. British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Biodiversity Branch, Identified Wildlife Management Strategy, Victoria, B.C Harrison, C. 1984. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Toronto, Ontario. Peterson, R. T. 1961. Western birds. Peterson Field Guides, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. Stokes, D., and L. Stokes. 1996. Field guide to birds. Western Region. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Mass. Terres, J. K. 1980. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 76 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.5 Broad-winged Hawk - Buteo platypterus
Description
General: Adults: Crow-sized buteo with noticeable black and white tailbanding. Broad wings with black border along tip and trailing edge. Sexes are similar in plumage with brownish back and reddish-brown barring chest. Occurrence of dark phase. Juveniles: Numerous black and white tailbands, and vertical brown streaking below.
Size: Body length: 35-40 cm. Wingspan: 1 m.
Voice: High-pitched “pwee” whistle.
Field Signs: Nests: small, loose stick nest in main crotch of coniferous or deciduous tree. Eggs: 1-3 white eggs with reddish-brown blotches.
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Falconiformes Accipitridae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5B S3B No Blue -
Distribution
Extralimital occurrences in BC. The species’ range may be expanding.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: IDF
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Contiguous and dense, deciduous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, especially those containing trembling aspen. The Broad-winged Hawk often perches in or under the forest canopy, and forages at the forest edge, near clearings and wet areas, or in the woodland itself. Nests are located in dense woodlands near wet areas and forest openings, generally 6-12 m above ground in a medium to large deciduous tree or, occasionally, a conifer.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 77 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Structural stages: 5-7
Special Habitat Features: Hardwood and mixedwood stands containing trembling aspen.
Food
The Broad-winged Hawk is a diurnal raptor hunting small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and a large variety of insects.
Annual Schedule Migration September – May Breeding initiation Late May Eggs Late June – July Young July – August
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Buteo platypterus. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 20, 2008). Bent, A. C. 1937. Life histories of North American birds of prey. Part 1. Bull. US Natl. Mus. No. 137. Goodich, L. J., S. C. Crocoli, and S. E. Senner. 1996. Broad-winged hawk (Buteo platyperus). In A. Poole and F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America, No. 218, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Am. Ornithol. Union, Washington, DC. Palmer, R. S., editor. 1988. Handbook of North American birds, Vol. 5. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Proulx, G., D. Bernier, and F. P. Caffrey. 2005. Addendum to “A field guide to species at risk in Canfor’s Planning Areas in Central Interior British Clumbia – 2004”. Alpha Wildlife Publications, Sherwood Park, Alberta. Semenchuk, G. P. editor. 1992. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta. Federation Alta. Nat., Edmonton, Alta.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 78 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.6 Canyon Wren - Catherpes mexicanus
Description
General: Extremely long bill, dark rufous back, grayish crown, and typical bright white throat and breast.
Size: Length: 14.5 cm; Wingspan: 19 cm; Weight: 10.5 g
Voice: A cascade of high and low whistles; a harsh jeet call.
Field Signs: Nest: Open cup of twigs and mosses lined with spider’s silk, feathers, fine plant material, placed on ledges or in crevices of canyons, rock walls or buildings. Eggs: 5-6 lightly marked white eggs.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Passeriformes Troglodytidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N3 S3 N3 Blue NAR
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary Forest District
Habitat
General: Vertical rock walls and cliffs, often near water.
Structural stage: 1
Elevations: 275-435
Special Habitat Features: Rock walls and boulders with crevices.
Food
Arthropods (insects and spiders)
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 79 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule Breeding initiation March Eggs Late April – earl July Young Late May – early August
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Catherpes mexicanus. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 25, 2008). Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Coper, G. W. Kaiser, M. C. E. McNall, and G. E. J. Smith. 1997. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 3. Passerines: flycatchers through vireos. UBC Press, Vancouver, British Columbia. Harrison, C. 1984. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Toronto, Ontario. Sibley, D. A. 2003. The Sibley field guide to birds of western North America. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York. Stokes, D., and L. Stokes. 1996. Field guide to birds. Western Region. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Mass.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 80 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.7 Double-crested Cormorant - Phalacrocorax auritus
Description
General: Adults - Large, dark water bird with orange throat pouch and long neck. Breeders have short, inconspicuous tufts of feathers over the eyes forming the double crests. They have crests that grow during breeding. Sexes: similar. Juveniles: browner, whitish or buffy on breast, upper belly, and neck.
Size: Body length: 70-90 cm. Wingspan: 114-123 cm. Weight: 1200-2500 g.
Voice: Deep guttural croaks.
Field Signs: The cormorant’s feathers are not waterproof, and the birds perch and extend their wings to dry. In flight, the neck is slightly crooked. Nests in colonies: sparse collections of twigs to elaborate structures of sticks lined with finer material. Eggs: 3-4
Taxonomy: Taxonomists recognize 4 or 5 subspecies.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5B S3B No Blue NAR
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Kootenay Lake Forest District
Habitat
General: Rivers and lakes.
Elevations: Low
Food
Fish and invertebrates.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 81 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule Eggs Mid-April – mid- September Young June – Mid-September
Literature Cited
Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2008. Double-crested Cormorant. Available at: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Double- crested_Cormorant.html Moul, I.E., and M.B. Gebauer. 2002. Status of the Double-crested Cormorant in British Columbia. B.C. Minist. Water, Land and Air Prot., Biodiv. Branch, Victoria, BC. Wildl. Working Rep. WR-105. Semenchuk, G. P. 1992. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, Alberta. Stokes, D., and L. Stokes. 1996. Field guide to birds. Western Region. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Mass.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 82 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.8 Le Conte’s Sparrow - Ammodramus leconteii
Description
General: Buffy-orange, small sparrow. The head has a dark crown and a white central stripe, and a reddish-brown eye stripe. Small bluish bill.
Size: Length: 13 cm. Wingspan: 16 cm.
Voice: Insect-like song, tickity-tshshshsh-tick.
Field Signs: Nest: Cup of grasses woven around rush and sedge stems. Eggs: 4 whitish eggs with reddish speckles.
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Passeriformes Emberizidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4 N5B S3S4B No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: IDF
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Sedge meadows, thick grass and sedge areas at the edge of marshes, bogs, and low damp parts of cultivated fields. Very secretive, spending most of its time in dense grasses or bushes.
Structural stages: 1-2
Special Habitat Features: Sedge and high grass in wet zones.
Food
Le Conte’s Sparrows feed on insects, spiders and seeds.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 83 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Annual Schedule Migration October - May Breeding initiation Late May – early June Eggs June Young June – July
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Ammodramus leconteii. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 20, 2008). Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. W. Kaser, A. C. Stewart, and M. C. E. McNall. 2001. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 4. Wood- warblers through old world sparrows. UBC Press, Vancouver, BC. Harrison, C. 1984. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Toronto, Ontario. Semenchuk, G. P. 1992. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, Alberta. Stokes, D. W., and L. Q. Stokes. 1996. Field guide to birds. Little, Brown and Company, Boston.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 84 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.9 Peregrine Falcon - Falco peregrinus anatum
Description
General: Adults: Large robust stale-grey birds with a lighter-coloured chest that has fine black bars and spots. Black head with wide black “sideburns”. Fast flier with narrow tail and tapered wings. Juveniles: Brown with extensive barring on the chest.
Size: Comparable to the size of a large crow. Height: 38-53 cm. Wingspan: 1 m.
Voice: Generally a silent bird, a repeated wechew can be heard when calling between each other. A rasping kack-kack-kack-kack can usually be heard when defending the nest.
Field Signs: Nest: Peregrine falcons place their nest on high and inaccessible vertical cliff edges. Nest heights vary between 12-24 m from the base of a cliff, and 3-9 m from the top. However, nest heights have been found on cliffs up to 366 m high. An overhang shelters the actual nest which is a slight depression or scrape on a ledge. Sometimes, Peregrine Falcons will occupy an abandoned bird’s nest. Eggs: 3-4 non-glossy, yellow-white eggs.
Taxonomy: The Peregrine Falcon is divided into three separate subspecies: Falco peregrinus tundrius, F. p. pealei and F. p. anatum. The latter inhabits the forest districts reviewed here.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Falconiformes Falconidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4T4 N3B S2B No Red SC
Distribution
The Peregrine Falcon may be encountered in all the forest districts during migration. F. p. anatum breeding has been reported in the East Kootenay Trench.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, IDF, MS, PP
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 85 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Habitat
General: Peregrine Falcons defend a nesting territory from intruders over a ≥ 1 km-radius area, and hunt over a very large area (≤ 25 km from nest) encompassing open areas such as wetlands, meadows, shrublands, etc.
Elevations: From valleys to high cliffs.
Special Habitat Features: Undisturbed cliffs.
Food
Peregrine falcons feed on birds that they capture in flight.
Annual Schedule Courtship February – March Eggs April – early June Hatching and Young Mid-May – mid-July Fledgling July – August
Literature Cited
Cooper, J.M., and S. M. Beauchesne,. 2004. Statuso fthe peregrine falcon (Falcon peegrinus) in British Columbia. BC Min. Eater, Land and Air Protection, Biodiversity Branch, Victoria, BC, Wildlife Bulletin No. B-115. Environment Canada. 2007. Peregrine falcon anatum subspecies. Available at: http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=29 Harrison, C. 1984. A field guide to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, Toronto, Ontario. Proulx, G., D. Bernier, J. M. Heron, and K. A. Paige. 2003. A field guide to species at risk in the Coast Forest Region of British Columbia. International Forest Products and British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 86 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
4.10 Purple Martin - Progne subis
Description
General: Adults: Largest of all the swallows, blueish-black back, head, breast, and underwings. Streaked belly, and forked tail. Male: Distinctive black belly. Female and Juvenile: light belly.
Size: Body length: 20 cm. Wingspan: 45 cm. Weight: 56 g.
Voice: Melodious, gurgling song with a rich tchew-wew
Field Signs: Circle glides alternated with quick flaps. Nest: almost exclusively in man-made houses. Under natural conditions, it is a loose accumulation of grasses, leaves, twing and feathers. Eggs: 3-5 white eggs.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Aves Passeriformes Hirundinidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N5B S2S3B No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary Forest District.
Habitat
General: All habitat types near openings and water. Under natural conditions, the species nests in mature woodlands and burns interspersed with meadows and marshes. This is the most domestic of the swallow species, and it is also encountered in fields and urban areas.
Structural stage: All stages if in proximity of water and openings; 1-3 for foraging.
Elevations: < 700 m.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 87 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Special Habitat Features: Openings, particularly over water.
Food
Insectivorous, this swallow forages over any open habitat.
Annual Schedule Migration Late September - April Breeding initiation Eggs Late May - July Young Mid-June – late August
Literature Cited
Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Coper, G. W. Kaiser, M. C. E. McNall, and G. E. J. Smith. 1997. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 3. Passerines: flycatchers through vireos. UBC Press, Vancouver, British Columbia. Peterson, R. T. 1961. Western birds. Peterson Field Guides, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. Semenchuk, G. P. 1992. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, Alberta. Sibley, D. A. 2003. The Sibley field guide to birds of western North America. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 88 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
5.0 MAMMALS
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 89 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
5.1 Great Basin Pocket Mouse - Perognathus parvus
Description
General: Silky-haired mouse-like rodent, grayish-brown dorsally, pure white ventrally, with an olive-brown stripe on sides, and fur-lined cheek pouches. Short ears. Bicolored (dark above, light below) tail longer than head and body. Incisors with a distinct groove on their anterior face. Sexes: Males larger and heavier than females.
Size: Length: 17.5 cm. Weight: Males – 21 g; Females – 15 g.
Field Signs: Burrow systems with several, circular, 2 cm in diameter entrances, located at the base of shrubs or under small rocks, with small heaps of fine soil.
Taxonomy: There are two subspecies in British Columbia: P. p. laigi and P. p. lordi, which could represent high- and low- altitude forms, with no apparent morphological differences.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Mammalia Rodentia Heteromyidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5 N2N3 S2 No Red -
Distribution
The Great Basin Pocket Mouse is at the northern limits of its range.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary Forest District
Habitat
General: Sagebrush-dominated arid, sandy grassland-steppe and non-irrigated grasslands.
Structural stages: 1-2
Elevations: 300-1370 m
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 90 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Special Habitat Features: Arid grassland-steppe with Big Sagebrush, Bluebunch Wheatgrass, Antelope Bush.
Food Insects, green vegetation and grass seeds (e.g., Cheetgrass), which provide the species with its daily water rations.
Annual Schedule Hibernation October – late March (males)/late April (females) Breeding April – May to late August – early September Young May - September
Literature Cited
Bowers, N., R. Bowers, and K. Kaufman. 2004. Kaufman field guide to mammals of North America. Houghon Mifflin Co., New York, New York. Ferrell, C. S. 1995. Systematics and biogeography of the Great asin Pocket Mouse, Perognathus parvus. MSc thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Iverson, S. L. 1967. Adaptations to arid environments in Perognathus parvus (Peale). PhD thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. Nagorsen, D. W. 2005. Rodents and lagomorphs of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum Handbook, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 91 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
5.2 Northern Long-eared Myotis - Myotis septentrionalis
Description
General: Adults; medium-sized bat, typically dark brown on the upperparts with lighter belly fur. Dark brown ears and flight membrane. Ears extent past the nose by at least 3 mm when laid forward. Noticeably long, pointed tragus (cartilaginous structure attached at the base of the ear) in the ear. Flight membrane attaches along the side of the foot, reaching to the base of the toes. Scattered hairs on tail membrane. Unkeeled calcar. Sexes: similar.
Size: Length: 80- 10 cm. Wingspan: 24 cm. Weight: 5-10 g.
Taxonomy: No subspecies are recognized. In the past, the species was classified as a race of the Keen’s Long-eared Myotis (Myotis keeni).
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Mammalia Chiroptera Vespertilionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4 N4 S2S3 No Blue -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICH
Forest Districts: Rocky Mountain Forest District.
Habitat
General: Associated with ICH wet forests. The species roosts primarily in mature stands of deciduous trees. Roosts are under the loose bark of trees, in cracks, and in primary cavity excavator hollows. No hibernacula have been found in BC but a pregnant female has been collected.
Structural stages: 6-7
Special Habitat Features: Large deciduous trees, snags with cavities and loose bark, mature deciduous or mixedwood stands.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 92 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Food The Northern Long-eared Myotis emerges at dusk to hunt over small ponds and forest clearings under the tree canopy. Much of the hunting activities take place above the understorey, 1.3 m above the ground. It may glean its prey from twigs. It has been seen drinking from small pools. It feeds on caddisflie, moths, beetles, flies, and leafhoppers.
Annual Schedule Hibernation November - May Breeding September – October Parturition June – July
Literature Cited
Baker, R. H. 1983. Michigan mammals. Michigan State Univ. Press, East Lansing, Michigan. B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Myotis septentrionalis. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 20, 2008). Bernier, D., and G. Proulx. 2006. Identification and management of species and plant communities at risk: BC Timber Sales, Prince George Business Area. Alpha Wildlife Publications. Caire, W., R. K. Laval, M. L. Laval, and R. Clawson. 1979. Notes on the ecology of Myotis keenii (Chiroptera: Vespertillonidae) in eastern Missouri. Am. Midl. Nat. 102: 404-407. Kurta, A. 1982. A review of Michigan bats: seasonal and geographic distribution. Michigan Acad. 14: 295-312. Miller, G. S., Jr. 1897. Notes on the mammals of Ontario. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 28 (1): 39. Nagorsen, D. W., and R. W. Brigham. 1993. Bats of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Museum Handbook, Victoria, BC. Proulx, G., D. Bernier, and K. Green. 2006. A field guide to species and plant communities at risk in Fort Nelson Forest District, British Columbia. Alpha Wildlife Publications, Sherwood Park, Alberta. van Zyll de Jong, C. G., M. B. Fenton, and J. G. Woods. 1980. Occurrrence of Myotis californicus at Revelstoke and a second record of Myotis septemtrionalis for British Columbia. Can. Field-Nat. 94: 455-456. van Zyll de Jong, C. G. 1983. Bats. Handbook of Canadian mammals. Vol. 2. Natl. Mus. Canada, Ottawa, Ont. Vonhof, M. J., and L. C. Wilkinson. 2000. A summary of roosting requirements of northern long-eared myotis in northeastern British Columbia. Pages 459-460 in L. M. Darling, editor. Proc. Conference Biology and Management Species and Habitats at Risk, Kamloops, BC. Vol. 1, BC Min. Envirn., Lands and parks, Victoria, and Univ. College of the Cariboo, Kamlops, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 93 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
5.3 Southern Red-backed Vole - Cletrhionomys gapperi galei
Description
General: Small, gray vole with a rusty red band extending from head to rump, and whitish fur ventrally. Sparsely furred, gray tail representing 22-32% of the total length. Eyes and ears are conspicuous.
Size: Length: 13 cm; Weight: 23 g.
Taxonomy: There are 29 subspecies of Clethrionomys gapperi, 8 of which occur in B.C. The taxonomic validity of C. g. galei is questionable according to some scientists.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Mammalia Rodentia Cricetidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G5TNRQ N3? S3S4 No Blue -
Distribution
C. g. galei barely enters the southeast corner of the province, where it occurs in the Sage and Kishinena drainages.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ESSF, MS
Forest Districts: Rocky mountain Forest District
Habitat
General: Cool moist forests, with coarse woody debris, stumps and roots, and developed understorey. Southern red-backed voles generally do not inhabit fields, forest clearings, or other non-forested habitats unless an abundance of protective ground cover is present . Voles establish their nest in underground tunnels, under logs and other large debris.
Structural stages: 5-7
Elevations: 0-2250 m
Special Habitat Features: Late successional forests and coarse woody debris.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 94 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Food
Mainly herbivore, feeding on vegetation, seeds, fungi, and lichens. This vole also eat invertebrates.
Annual Schedule Breeding April - October Young (up to 3 litters of May - November 2-8 young)
Literature Cited
Bowers, N., R. Bowers, and K. Kaufman. 2004. Kaufman field guide to mammals of North America. HoughomMiflin Co., New York, New York. Miller, D. H., and L. L. Getz. 1972. Factors influencing the local distribution of the red- back vole, Clethrionomys gapperi, in New England. Univ.Conn. Occas. Pap. Biol. Sci. Ser. 2(9):115-138. Nagorsen, D.W. 2000. Conserving Mammals at Risk: The Role of Taxonomy. Pp. 41-48 in L.M. Darling, ed. 2000. Proc. Conf. on the Biology and Manage. Species and Habitats at Risk, Kamloops, B.C., 15 - 19 Feb., 1999. Vol. 1; B.C. Minist. Environ., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC, and Univ. College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, BC. Nagorsen, D. W. 2005. Rodents and lagomorphs of British Columbia. Royal BC Museum Handbook, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 95 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
5.4 Townsend’s Big-eared Bat - Corynorhinus townsendii
Description
General: Medium-sized, light brown bat, with gigantic ears (30-39 mm) that join at the base across the forehead and measure approximately half of the body length. It has two fleshy prominent gland swellings on its nose, giving the bat its other common name, “lumped-nose bat”. It has long pale brown to blackish grey fur on its back that contrasts with its pale tan underfur. The tragus (cartilaginous structure attached at the base of the ear) is long and pointed – about one-third the ear length. Hairs on toes do not project beyond toenails
Size: Length: 10 cm. Wingspan: 30 cm.
Voice: High frequency echolocation and calls that are un-audible to the human ear.
Taxonomy: Two subspecies occur in the province: P. t. townsendii on the coast, and P. t. pallescens, a paler interior race found in southern interior BC.
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Craniata Mammalia Chiroptera Vespertilionidae
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G4 N2N3 S3 N2N3 Blue -
Distribution
Scattered distribution in the southern regions of the province, with records as far East as Creston.
Biogeoclimatic Zones: BG, ICH, IDF, PP
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky Mountain Forest Districts.
Habitat
General: Associated with warm, dry regions with mild winter temperatures, including arid grasslands and deciduous and coniferous forests. Roost sites include caves, old buildings, and abandoned mineshafts, where males will usually roost separate from females during the summer months. Foraging habitat includes riparian areas, wetlands, and open forests where insects are abundant. It is one of Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 96 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
the few bats known to overwinter in British Columbia, hibernating in caves in colonies of males and females, or alone.
Elevations: ≤ 1070 m.
Special Habitat Features: Caves, old buildings, and other abandoned human- made structures.
Food
Feeds mostly on moths but also lacewings, flies, beetles and sawflies.
Annual Schedule Hibernation/migration September-May Breeding initiation November-February (storage of sperm over winter, ovulation and fertilization in spring) Young June-July
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Species Summary: Corynorhinus townsendii. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/ (accessed Mar 19, 2008). Blood, D. A. 1998. Townsend’s Big-eared Bat. BC Minist. Environ., Lands and Parks, Wildl. Branch, Species at Risk brochure, Victoria, BC. Cannings, S. G., L. R. Ramsay, D. F. Fraser, and M. A. Fraker. 1999. Rare amphibians, reptiles, and mammals of British Columbia. Wildl. Branch and Resour. Inv. Branch, BC Minist. Environ., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. Firman, M. C. 2000. Townsend’s Big-eared Bat. BC (Plecotus townsendii) in the East Kootenays. Page 435 in L. M. Darling, editor, Proc. Conf. Biology and Mangement Species and Habitats at Risk,Kamloops, BC Environ., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC. Nagorsen, D. W., and R. M. Brigham. 1993. Bats of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Museum Handbook, Victoria, BC.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 97 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
6.0 PLANT COMMUNITIES
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 98 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
6.1 Three-way Sedge Herbaceous Vegetation - Dulichium arundinaceum Herbaceous Vegetation
Description:
General: The Three-way Sedge Herbaceous Vegetation association is a non- forested marsh wetland (Wm51) rarely found in the east Kootenays. This wetland plant community is often situated on the edges of peaty wetland ecosystems. However, as with other marsh wetlands, the Three-way Sedge is usually found on muddy materials, such as a permanently saturated mixture of organics and fine- textured mineral soils. As the community name implies, the Three-way Sedge is always present and is a dominant species throughout the wetland community, along with minor amounts of other typical wetland species, such as sedges and rushes. Trees, shrubs and mosses are typically absent.
Elevations: < 600 m
Common Vegetation ICHwk1/Wm51 Herbs Three-way Sedge, Sitka Sedge, Yellow Pond-lily (Marsh Cinquefoil, Inflated Sedge, Buckbean).
Similar communities: Common marsh wetlands found on mineral soil are usually dominated by Beaked Sedge and Water Sedge (Wm01). In contrast, the Wm51 always has Three-way Sedge present, and it is usually dominant.
Status:
Global National Provincial IWMS CDC listing COSEWIC G3 - S2 - Red -
Distribution
Biogeoclimatic Zones: ICHwk1
Forest Districts: Arrow Boundary and Kootenay Lake Forest Districts
Literature Cited
B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2008. Ecological Community Summary: Dulichium arundinaceum Herbaceous Vegetation. B.C. Minist. of Environment. Available at: http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 99 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008
Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2007. E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [http://www.eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Mackenzie, W., and Moran. 2004. Wetlands of British Columbia: a guide to identification. B.C. Min. For., Victoria, Handbook No. 52. NatureServe. 2008. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer.
Accounts for Species and Plant Communities at Risk in the Arrow Boundary, Kootenay Lake, and Rocky 100 Mountain Forest Districts, British Columbia – An Addendum Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd. – Proulx & Bernier 2008