Summary Table: Characteristics of Ecoregions of Indiana and Ohio

54. CENTRAL CORN BELT PLAINS 61. ERIE/ONTARIO DRIFT AND LAKE PLAIN Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover Vegetation Vegetation Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) 54a. Illinois/Indiana 1938 Glaciated. Undulating to nearly level plain; 590-900 Loamy, calcareous, late-Wisconsinan Mollisols (Endoaquolls, Elliot, Markham, Drummer, Mesic/ 35-39 160-170 17-23/34-40; Mostly prairies (wet, mesophytic, and Corn, soybean, and livestock farming. 61a. Erie Lake Plain 660 Depositional lake plain with swales, beach 570-800 Wave-washed glacial till, lacustrine-beach Mostly Alfisols On beach ridges and glacial Mesic/ 33-38; 175-190; 22/37; Mostly mixed mesophytic forest; also Vegetable and fruit farming is well Prairies hummocky on the Valparaiso End Moraine. A / glacial till, lacustrine material, and mixed Argiaquolls, Argiudolls, Corwin, Pewamo, Darroch, Odell, Aquic, 63/89 dry) and oak-hickory forest. Riparian woodland. ridges, and coastal cliffs that are prone to / deposits overlies mainly Devonian-age (Hapludalfs); also outwash: Conotton. On silty Udic, max. max. along 61-65/78-85 mixed oak forest on sandy sites, and adapted to the relatively mild shoreline few low gradient streams with silty bottoms, 20-200 drift; also clayey glacial till in north. Hapludolls), Alfisols Morley. Udic slumping. 10-50; Ohio Shale. Inceptisols (Epiaquepts) glacial till: Conneaut. On thin Aquic snow near Lake Erie beech forest and elm-ash swamp forest climate; also urban-industrial activity warm summer temperatures, and flashy Deposits overlie Paleozoic shale, sandstone, (Epiaqualfs, Hapludalfs) maximum glacial till and lake deposits: Allis. Lake Erie on wetter sites. and woodland. hydrographs occur. siltstone, limestone, and dolomite. 100 54b. Chicago Lake 217 Glaciated. Nearly level paleolake plain with 581-690 Extensive artificially filled lands. Mollisols (Endoaquolls, Oakville, Plainfield, Brems, Mesic/ 34-37 170-190; 19/35; Oak-hickory forest and prairie with Extensive residential, urban, industrial, 61b. Mosquito Creek/ 974 Glaciated. Level to rolling lake and glacial till 700-1200 Mostly late-Wisconsinan, clayey Hiram Till Alfisols (Fragiaqualfs, On lake deposits: Canadice, Mesic/ 37-42; 150-180; 20/38; Dominantly beech forest; also mixed Dairy and feed crop farming, sugar Plain beach ridges, swales, and dunes. / Quaternary dune sand, beach deposits, Argiaquolls), Entisols Maumee, Newton, Adrian, Aquic, max. near 63/86 beach, dune, oak savanna, marsh, and and port development at Gary, Pymatuning plains with flat-bottomed valleys, end / with some areas of alluvium and lacustrine Epiaqualfs, Hapludalfs) Canadea. On clay glacial till: Aquic, max. max. near 59/80-84 mesophytic forest, elm-ash swamp maple-red oak forests, and hemlock 10-90 lacustrine material, clayey glacial till, and (Udipsamments); also Morocco. Udic Lake swamp communities. Hammond, and East Chicago. Lowlands moraines, and wetlands. Low-gradient, 25-150; material. Deposits overlie Paleozoic shale Mahoning, Ellsworth, Geeburg. Udic snow near Lake Erie forests, and sphagnum peat bogs. swamp forests. Natural gas production. scattered organic material overlie Paleozoic Histosols (Medisaprists) Michigan sluggish streams with few riffles. maximum and sandstone. On silt glacial till: Sheffield, Lake Erie limestone, dolomite, and shale. 225 Platea. 54c. Kankakee Marsh 458 Glaciated. Sloping to depressional plain with 620-725 Quaternary glacial outwash, alluvium, Mollisols (Endoaquolls), Maumee, Prochaska, Gilford, Mesic/ 35-39 155-165 18/35; Northern swamp forest, wet prairies, Corn, soybean, and livestock farming. 61c. Low Lime Drift 5928 Glaciated. Rolling plains with low rounded 600-1500 Mostly clayey-loamy late-Wisconsinan Alfisols (commonly Mostly Mahoning, Canfield, Mesic/ 34-41; 138-175; 19-23/35-40; Mixed mesophytic forest, mixed oak Dairy, livestock, corn, oat, hay, soybean, glacial outwash, alluvial deposits, low / organic material, and scattered sand dunes Histosols (Medisaprists), Adrian, Morocco. Aquic, 61/88 and bulrush-cattail marshes. Wooded corridor along the Kankakee Plain hills, gentle slopes, and broad valleys; end / glacial till; also lacustrine and coarse Fragiudalfs, Fragiaqualfs; Rittman; also, Bennington, in Udic, max. max. near 59/82-87 forest, beech forest, oak-sugar maple wheat farming; also, urban and gradient streams, and many ditches. 5-50 overlie Paleozoic shale, limestone and Entisols (Fluvaquents, Udic River. moraines and outwash landforms occur 50-350 outwash material. Deposits overlie also Epiaqualfs) westernmost area. Aquic snow near Lake Erie forest; also elm-ash swamp forests. industrial activity, sugar maple-red oak dolomite. Udipsamments) locally. Mississippian and Pennsylvanian shale and Lake Erie woodlands. Gas wells, coal mining. sandstone. 54d. Kankakee Sand 1064 Glaciated. Discontinuous sand dunes, sand 650-750 Quaternary blanket sand; also dune sand, Mostly Mollisols Coloma, Oakville, Maumee, Mesic/ 35-38 147 17/33-38; Dry prairies and mixed oak savannas Corn, soybean, livestock, and mint Area plains, and swales with low channel gradients. / lacustrine deposits, glacial outwash, and (Endoaquolls), Entisols Brems. Udic, 61/89 dominated by black oak on well- farming. Woodland concentrated on 61d. Erie Gorges 329 Glaciated. Very dissected area of high relief, 575-1300 Glacial drift and colluvium overlie Mostly Alfisols Mahoning, Ellsworth, and the Mesic/ 39-42; 145-170 21/37; Mixed mesophytic forest. Mostly woodland. Also recreational Drainage ditches common. 15-75 organic material. Deposits overlie Silurian (Udipsamments); also Aquic drained areas; also northern swamp dunes. steep slopes, and rocky outcrops. Gorges / Paleozoic conglomerate, sandstone, and (Hapludalfs, Fragiaqualfs, clayey Geeburg on glacial till. Aquic, max. 59/80-85 developments, public land, scattered and Devonian shale, limestone, and Alfisols (Hapludalfs), forest, marsh, and wet prairie in swales. occur along the Cuyahoga, Chagrin, and 200-500+ shale. Cliffs form in Sharon Conglomerates Epiaqualfs); also Inceptisols Platea and Darien on less clayey Udic snow near farms, and residential areas. Urban- dolomite. Histosols (Medisaprists) Grand rivers where erosion rates are high. of Pennsylvanian age. (Eutrochrepts) glacial till. Chagrin on flood Lake Erie industrial activity on fringe. plains. 61e. Summit 536 Glaciated plain. Numerous kames, kettles, 900-1300 Sandy late-Wisconsinan glacial outwash Alfisols (mostly On glacial outwash: Chili. On Mesic/ 36-41 145-160 19/38; Mostly mixed oak forests (on sandy Residential-urban-industrial activity, Interlobate Area lakes, bogs, deranged stream networks, and / and glacial till overlie Pennsylvanian Hapludalfs; also kames: Chili, Wooster. On bogs- Udic, 61/85 soils); also mixed mesophytic forest, dairy and feed crop farming, and sluggish streams. 50-150 sandstone and shale of the Pottsville and Fragiudalfs, Fragiaqualfs), kettles: Carlisle. On glacial till: Aquic oak-sugar maple forest (on soils extensive gravel mining. Sugar maple- Allegheny Groups. some Histosols Canfield, Ravenna, Wooster. derived from glacial till), extensive red oak woodland, protected and (Medisaprists) sphagnum peat bogs. unprotected peatlands (bogs/fens) occur. 55. EASTERN CORN BELT PLAINS Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover Vegetation Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) 55a. Clayey, High 10520 Glaciated. Broad nearly level glacial till plain; 700-1300 Clayey, high lime, late-Wisconsinan glacial Alfisols (Epiaqualfs, Widespread: Blount, Pewamo, Mesic/ 34-40 150-180 19-24/35-40; Mostly beech forest. Scattered elm-ash Extensive corn, soybean, wheat, Lime Till Plains also basins and end moraines. Low gradient / till, lacustrine deposits, and scattered loess Hapludalfs), Mollisols Glynwood, Morley. In east: Aquic, 59-63/83-89 swamp forest in lacustrine basins and livestock, and dairy farming on streams. <15-200 overlie Paleozoic shales, carbonates, and (Argiaquolls, Endoaquolls) Bennington, Cardington. In west: Udic other poorly-drained areas. Wet prairies artificially drained soils; also scattered sandstones. Del Rey, Eel. On lake plains: behind end moraines in Wyandot- pin oak-swamp, white oak woodland, Nappanee, Milford. Marion counties. and beech-maple woodland. Urban 70. WESTERN ALLEGHENY PLATEAU activity in Fort Wayne. Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover 55b. Loamy, High 13978 Glaciated. Level to rolling glacial till plain 500-1550 Loamy, high lime, late-Wisconsinan glacial Alfisols (Hapludalfs, Widespread: Miamian, Crosby. Mesic/ 36-43 150-185 20-25/37-43; Mostly beech forest; also, oak-sugar Extensive corn, soybean, and livestock Vegetation Lime Till Plains with low gradient streams; also end moraines / till and also glacial outwash and scattered Epiaqualfs, Endoaqualfs), Ohio: Celina, Kokomo, Ben- Udic, 61-65/86-90 maple forest, elm-ash swamp forest on farming; also scattered beech-maple, Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature and glacial outwash landforms. 15-300 loess overlie Paleozoic carbonates and Mollisols (Argiaquolls, nington, Cardington. Indiana: Aquic poorly-drained valley bottoms and pin oak-swamp, white oak woodlands. (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; shale. Endoaquolls, Argiudolls), Fincastle, Treaty, Cyclone, Xenia, ground moraines, mixed oak forest on Urban-industrial activity in Columbus, miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) Entisols (Fluvaquents) Ockley, Shoals. Pickaway Plains. Indianapolis, and Dayton. 70a. Permian Hills 1665 Unglaciated, except in the extreme west and 550-1400 Leached Illinoian glacial till (in the Alfisols (Hapludalfs), Gilpin, Upshur, Lowell, and Mesic/ 39-42 160-175 22-27/42-47; Mostly mixed oak forest; also mixed Mostly dairy, livestock, and general 55c. Mad River 657 Glaciated. Level to hilly interlobate area with 700-1425 Loamy, high lime, late-Wisconsinan glacial Alfisols (Hapludalfs, Widespread: Miamian, Kokomo, Mesic/ 35-38 155-165 21/37-41; West of Mad River: Mostly beech Extensive corn and soybean farming; northeast. Highly dissected plateau with / northeast and west), colluvium, and Permian Ultisols (Hapludults) Vandalia. Upshur and Vandalia Udic 62/89 mesophytic forest, oak-sugar maple farming; also mixed oak forests with Interlobate Area moderate stream gradients, and sand, gravel, / till and coarse glacial outwash cover Epiaqualfs), Mollisols Crosby, Celina. On glacial Udic, 63/87 forest; scattered elm-ash swamp forest. also dairy and livestock farming. rounded hills, ridges, landslips. Steep slopes 200-800 shale, sandstone, and coal of the Dunkard prone to land slippage. forest; beech forest in broad valleys of some red maple understory and or bedrock channels. Abundant ground water 50-325 Paleozoic carbonates of the Salina (Argiaquolls) outwash: Eldean, Westland. Aquic East of Mad River, mixed oak forest Wooded where steep. Residential, of high relief along Ohio River. Stream flow Group; also Pennsylvanian shale, sandstone, Meigs, Athens counties. hemlock-hardwood ravine forests. Coal feeds cold, perennial, high volume streams. Undifferentiated Group. Glacial outwash interspersed with extensive fen/wet commercial, industrial activity; also can be low in summer. and coal of the Monongahela Group. mining in north. deposits are high yielding aquifers. prairie. sand-gravel mining. Freshwater fen/wet 70b. Monongahela 3064 Unglaciated. Dissected plateau, rounded hills 515-1400 Colluvial deposits and Pennsylvanian shale, Alfisols (Hapludalfs), Gilpin, Lowell; also, landslide- Mesic/ 39-42 150-180 21-29/39-48; Mixed mesophytic forest and mixed Mostly mixed oak forests with some red prairie habitat occur and several Transition Zone and ridges, narrow valleys, and steep slopes of / sandstone, and coal of the Monongahela Ultisols (Hapludults), prone, high clay Upshur, Udic 61-66/85-91 oak forest; beech forest in wide valleys maple understory and red maple-black thousand acres are under protection. high relief near Ohio River in Jefferson 100-650, and Conemaugh Groups. Entisols (Udorthents) Guernsey, Vandalia, and of Guernsey, Morgan, Athens, Meigs ash seepage swamps; also dairy, 55d. Pre-Wisconsinan 4234 Glaciated. Dissected glacial till plain with low 400-1300 Deeply leached, acidic pre-Wisconsinan Alfisols (Fragiudalfs, Widespread: Rossmoyne, Avon- Mesic/ 39-45 165-195 23-27/40-45; Mostly beech forest, elm-ash swamp Soybean, livestock, corn, general, and County. Landslips occur. Some streams maximum Brookside. counties. livestock, and general farming. Gas Drift Plains to medium gradient streams with biotic / clay-loam glacial till and thin loess overlie Hapludalfs, Fragiaqualfs, burg, Cincinnati. Ohio: Clermont. Aquic, 62-67/86-91 forest; also oak-sugar maple forest. tobacco farming; where poorly-drained impacted by mine drainage. at Ohio wells, many bituminous coal mines. diversity. Ohio’s Pin Oak-Crawfish Flats and 50-500 Paleozoic carbonates. Fragipans often Glossaqualfs), Entisols Indiana: Cobbsfork, Hickory, Udic or rugged, pin oak-swamp, white oak River Indiana’s Muscatatuck Flats are poorly- restrict drainage, sometimes severely. (Fluvaquents) Dubois, Stendal, Bonnie. flatwoods, and beech-maple woodland 70c. Pittsburgh Low 406 Unglaciated, except in the north. Rounded 650-1400/ Leached Illinoian glacial till (in the north), Inceptisols (Dystrochrepts), Gilpin, Berks, Westmoreland, Mesic/ 39-41 135-155 19-23/37-41; Mostly mixed oak forest; oak-sugar Mosaic of dairy, livestock, and general drained. or idle. Plateau hills and ridges, narrow valleys, high gradient 125-650, colluvium, and Pennsylvanian sandstone, Ultisols (Hapludults), Hazleton, and Coshocton. Udic 59/83-87 maple forest and beech near Ohio farming, mixed oak forests with some 55e. Darby Plains 1132 Glaciated. Level to undulating drift plain 800-1200 Loamy, high lime, late-Wisconsinan drift Mollisols (Argiaquolls), Widespread: Kokomo, Crosby, Mesic/ 37-41 160-175 22/42; Mixed oak forest interspersed with wet Extensive corn, soybean, and wheat streams with gravelly or rocky bottoms. Steep maximum shale, limestone, and coal of the Alfisols (Hapludalfs) River. red maple understory, hemlock-white punctuated by the Esboro, Reesville, Cable, / covers Paleozoic carbonates of the Salina Alfisols (Epiaqualfs, Miamian, Celina, Lewisburg. On Aquic, 61-65/87 prairies on moraines, gravel-filled farming; some pastures. Average farm slopes near the Ohio River. at Ohio Conemaugh Group. pine forests. Gas wells, coal mining. London and Bloomingburg end moraines and 20-100 Undifferentiated Group. Hapludalfs) glacial outwash: Eldean, Udic valleys, and seasonal ponds; in south, size and yields per acre are greater than River a few streams. Often more poorly-drained than Westland. On flood plains: Sloan. broad poorly-drained areas had elm-ash elsewhere in Ohio. 70d. Lower Scioto 1758 Unglaciated except in the extreme north. 490-1350 Leached Illinoian glacial till (in the north), Ultisols (Hapludults), Shelocta, Brownsville, Latham, Mesic/ 39-43 150-185 22-29/42-46; Mostly mixed mesophytic forest (in Mostly mixed oak forests with some red the soils of 55b. swamp forest, wet prairies. Dissected Plateau Strongly dissected plateau with ridges, steep / colluvium, and Mississippian shale and Inceptisols (Dystrochrepts), and Steinsburg. Omulga on Udic 61-67/87-91 west) and mixed oak forest (in east). maple understory, hemlock-hardwood 55f. Whitewater 1185 Glaciated. Undulating, dissected interlobate 775-1200 Loamy, high lime Wisconsinan glacial till, Alfisols (Hapludalfs, Crosby, Treaty, Miamian, Celina, Mesic/ 39-41 150-165 22/38-42; Mostly beech forest and elm-ash Corn, soybean, and livestock farming; slopes, high relief, narrow valleys, high 300-800 sandstone. Alfisols (Fragiudalfs) remnants of the Teays valley. Bottomland hardwood forests in Scioto ravine forests; also livestock, general, Interlobate Area area with moderate gradient streams and sand, / mixed drift, glacial outwash, and alluvium Epiaqualfs), Mollisols Losantville, Eldean, Ockley, Eel. Udic, 61/89 swamp forest; also oak-hickory forest. also riparian woodland. drainage density, and streams unaffected by River valley and abandoned Teays and tobacco farming. gravel, or rock beds. Abundant ground water 25-225 overlie Paleozoic limestone, calcareous (Endoaquolls, Argiaquolls); Aquic mine effluent. The Scioto and Paint rivers are valley; oak-sugar maple forests on feeds cold, perennial, high volume streams. shale, and dolomitic mudstone. Glacial till also Inceptisols under-fit. Illinoian outwash terraces. has high magnesium carbonate content. (Eutrochrepts) 70e. Unglaciated 2910 Unglaciated. Dissected plateau. Major valleys 660-1350 Colluvium and Pennsylvanian sandstone, Alfisols (Hapludalfs, Coshocton, Westmoreland, Berks, Mesic/ 37-41 140-170 19-23/36-41; Mostly mixed oak forest. Mixed Mosaic of dairy, livestock, and general Upper are often broad, flat-bottomed, and near base / shale, siltstone, limestone, and coal of the Epiaqualfs), Inceptisols and Guernsey. Fitchville on silty Udic, 59-63/83-89 mesophytic forests were concentrated farming, mixed oak forests with some Muskingum level. Streams have low gradients, few riffle 200-550 Allegheny and Conemaugh Groups. (Dystrochrepts) stream terrace deposits. Aquic in south. A few beech forests, oak- red maple understory. Bituminous coal sections and higher quality than in 70f; they sugar maple forests, and elm-ash mining, oil-gas wells. Basin are often under-fit. swamp forests. 70f. Ohio/Kentucky 2100 Unglaciated except in the extreme northwest. 500-1200 Leached Illinoian glacial till (in the north), Inceptisols (Dystrochrepts), Shelocta, Latham, Steinsburg, Mesic/ 38-42 150-185 22-29/43-48; Extensive mixed oak forest. Mixed Mostly mixed oak forests with some red Carboniferous Dissected plateau with broad, flat-bottomed, / colluvium, and Pennsylvanian sandstone, Ultisols (Hapludults), Wharton, Rarden; also Udic 61-67/87-90 mesophytic forests grew in wide, maple understory, hemlock-hardwood Plateau hanging, abandoned pre-glacial valleys. Some 200-500 shale, siltstone, limestone, and coal of the Alfisols (Hapludalfs, Westmoreland, Guernsey in north. clayey, Teays-age valleys and beech ravine forests, and red maple-ash flood 56. SOUTHERN MICHIGAN/NORTHERN INDIANA DRIFT PLAINS streams are impacted by mine drainage. Pottsville and Allegheny Groups. Fragiudalfs), Entisols Omulga on relict Teays valley. forests grew in the wide valleys of the plain swamps; also livestock and general (Udorthents) Hocking River system. farming. Coal mining, oil production (in Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover north), gas production. Vegetation Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) 56a. Lake Country 1943 Glaciated. Hummocky plain. End moraines 750-1200 Late-Wisconsinan drift; also organic Alfisols (Epiaqualfs, Glynwood, Morley, Fox, Mesic/ 34-38 150-165 19/37; Oak-hickory forest on well-drained Corn, soybean, livestock farming; also with many lakes, ponds, marshes, bogs, / material. Deposits overlie Paleozoic shale, Hapludalfs), Mollisols Oshtemo, Rawson, Houghton, Udic, 61/89 morainal ridges and kames; also mint and vegetable farms on muck. kettles, kames, and relict meltwater channels 90-230 limestone, and dolomite. (Argiaquolls, Endoaquolls), Wawasee, Boyer. Aquic northern swamp forest, beech forest, Marshes, woodland, gravel quarries, are present. Low to medium gradient streams Histosols (Medisaprists) tamarack swamps, cattail-bulrush and recreational-residential with sand and gravel bottoms, and low marshes, sphagnum bogs. development near lakes. sediment loads. 56b. Elkhart Till 1999 Glaciated. Nearly level to rolling drift plain 675-1050 Loamy glacial till; also Quaternary glacial Mostly Alfisols (Hapludalfs, Riddles, Crosier, Brookston, Mesic/ 35-39 150-170 18/36; Mostly oak-hickory forest and beech Corn, soybean, and wheat farming; also Plains with end moraines, glacial outwash / outwash, dune sand, lacustrine deposits, Endoaqualfs, Epiaqualfs); Metea, Oshtemo, Tyner, Brady, Aquic, 62/87 forest; also dry prairie and tamarack pastures, woodland, mint and vegetable landforms, lacustrine flats, and scattered 25-250 organic material, and alluvium overlie also Mollisols (Argiaquolls, Tracy. Udic swamp. farms on muck, and residential 71. INTERIOR PLATEAU potholes. Paleozoic shale, limestone, and dolomite. Argiudolls), Entisols development. (Udipsamments), Histosols Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover Vegetation (Medisaprists) Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature 56c. Middle 1076 Glaciated. Level to rolling glacial till plains 575-900 Late-Wisconsinan glacial tills, glacial Mostly Alfisols Riddles, Rensselaer, Crosier, Mesic/ 35-37 160 19/37; Mostly oak-hickory forest and northern Corn, soybean, livestock farming; also (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) Tippecanoe with dunes, end moraines, lake flats, and / outwash, and mixed drift; also dune sand, (Hapludalfs, Epiaqualfs); Brookston, Fox, Oshtemo, Udic, 62/89 swamp forest; also scattered prairie. woodland and residential development. Plains scattered potholes. Cold streams have 25-200 alluvium, blanket sand, lacustrine deposits, also Mollisols (Argiaquolls, Oakville, Brems. Aquic 71a. Crawford 2363 Unglaciated. Heavily dissected hills with 350-1000 Quaternary loess or colluvium may overlie Inceptisols (Dystrochrepts), Zanesville, Ebal, Wellston, Mesic/ 41-46 170-200 23-27/40-45; Mostly oak-hickory forest on uplands; Mostly forests; some general farming abundant year-around flow; Tippecanoe River and organic material. Deposits overlie Endoaquolls), Histosols Uplands narrow valleys and medium to high gradient / Mississippian and Pennsylvanian shale, Ultisols (Hapludults), Gilpin, Berks, Stendal, Haymond. Udic 64/91 also beech forest in north and a few especially in the west and in wider is warmer and rich in species. Paleozoic shale, limestone and dolomite. (Medisaprists), Entisols channels. Terrain is especially rugged in the 300-350+ sandstone, and limestone (Raccoon Creek Alfisols (Hapludalfs, barrens. valleys. (Udipsamments) east and cliffs occur. and West Baden Groups are common). Fragiudalfs) 56d. Michigan Lake 143 Glaciated. Sandy coastal strip with beaches, 581-725 Quaternary beach deposits, dune sand, Mollisols (Endoaquolls, Oakville, Maumee, Brems, Mesic/ 36-42 165-190; 19/35; Oak-hickory forest and prairie with Urban-industrial development; also 71b. Mitchell Plain 1555 Unglaciated, except in extreme north. Gently 380-960 Quaternary colluvium and Mississippian Alfisols (Paleudalfs, Crider, Hagerstown, Bedford, Mesic/ 41-45 170-200 23-27/40-45; Western mesophytic forest. Also, karst General farming and residential-urban Plain high dunes, mucky interdunal depressions, / lacustrine material, and clayey glacial till. Argiaquolls), Entisols Houghton, Adrian, Palms, Morley, Aquic, max. near 63/86 beach, dune, oak savanna (with some vegetable and fruit farming. Woodland rolling plains, karst terrain with entrenched / limestone of, primarily, the Blue River Hapludalfs, Fragiudalfs), Caneyville, Baxter, Frederick, Udic 64/90 wetlands; limestone glades on stony development; also woodland in rugged sandy beach ridges, and swales. 15-125 Made land (fill) and scattered organic (Udipsamments), Alfisols Blount, Pewamo. Udic Lake conifers), and fen communities. on lee side of dunes and in some streams, and wooded hills on periphery. 50-350+ Group. Mollisols (Argiudolls), Haymond. Corydon soil. areas and many limestone quarries. material also occur. Deposits overlie (Hapludalfs, Epiaqualfs); Michigan poorly-drained areas. Stream density is low where sinkholes and Ultisols (Paleudults) Silurian and Devonian shale, dolomite, and scattered Histosols underground drainage are present. limestone. (Medisaprists) 71c. Norman Upland 1273 Unglaciated, except in extreme north. Deeply 385-1000 Quaternary loess, colluvium, or alluvium Alfisols (Fragiudalfs, Wellston, Stonehead, Tilsit, Mesic/ 40-45 170-195 23-27/40-45; On uplands, oak-hickory forest with Mostly forests. On well-drained upper dissected high hills and knobs with narrow / may overlie Mississippian siltstone, shale, Hapludalfs), Inceptisols Gipin, Berks, Stendal, Steff. Udic 64/90 American chestnut common; in slopes, chestnut oaks; on the southern valleys and medium to high gradient stream 100-400+ and sandstone of the Borden Group. (Dystrochrepts), valleys, beech forest. uplands, chestnut oaks and Virginia channels. Ultisols (Hapludults, pines. In valleys, beech-sugar maple. Fragiudults) 71d. Northern 1403 Unglaciated and glaciated. Dissected plains 420-1000 Discontinuous loess and leached pre- Alfisols (Hapludalfs, Bonnell, Carmel, Dearborn, Eden, Mesic/ 40-43 160-195 23-27/40-45; In Indiana, western mixed mesophytic Mosaic of forest, agriculture, and urban- Bluegrass and hills with medium gradient, gravel bottom / Wisconsinan glacial till deposits. Fragiudalfs), Mollisols Bratton, Brushcreek, Rossmoyne, Udic 61-66/86-91 forest, oak-hickory forest. In Ohio, industrial activity near Cincinnati and streams. Steep slopes, high relief near Ohio 50-550 Ordovician limestone and shale. (Hapludolls) Switzerland, Weisburg. mixed mesophytic forest, mixed oak elsewhere along Ohio River. Wooded 57. HURON/ERIE LAKE PLAINS River. forest, oak-sugar maple forest; along where steep; general, dairy, and tobacco Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover Ohio River, bottomland hardwoods. farming on less rugged sites. Vegetation Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) 57a. Maumee Lake 2857 Glaciated. Nearly level to depressional glacial 575-800 Fine, poorly-drained, water-worked glacial Mostly Alfisols On water-worked glacial till: Mesic/ 30-36, 150-190, 19-23/37; Mostly elm-ash swamp forest of the Extensive corn, soybean, and livestock Plains lake plain with paleobeach ridges, limestone / till and lacustrine sediment; also coarser end (Epiaqualfs); also Alfisols Hoytville, Nappanee, Blount, Aquic, max. max. along 61-65/83-89 Black Swamp; also, beech forest. farming on artificially drained land; ridges, and end moraines. Sluggish, low- 10-75, moraine and beach ridge deposits. (Hapludalfs), Inceptisols Miamian. On clayey to very Udic snow near Lake Erie Scattered mixed oak forests on also tomatoes, sugar beets, beans, and gradient streams, many with high loads of maximum Occasional outcrops of underlying Silurian (Epiaquepts, Endoaquepts) clayey lake deposits: Toledo, Lake Erie dolomitic ridges and on sandy-silty cucumbers. Near Lake Erie are suspended clay. Channelized streams and relief on and Devonian limestone and dolomite Latty. On coarser sediments above areas. Fens along portions of the Lake residential, commercial, and industrial ditches with clayey channels are common. carbonate occur. lacustrine material: Mermill. Erie shoreline. Scattered wet prairies. developments. Scattered woodlands. ridges 57b. Oak Openings 336 Glaciated. Low, relict sand dunes, paleobeach 580-825 Late-Wisconsinan sand dunes, sandy beach Entisols (Udipsamments), On sandy sediments: mostly Mesic/ 31-34 160-175 19/37; Mixed oak forest and oak savanna on General farming, residential-urban- 72. INTERIOR RIVER LOWLAND ridges, sand sheets, and intervening pans / ridges, clayey glacial till, and fine Mollisols (Endoaquolls), Ottokee, Granby, and Tedrow. In Udic, 61/87 dunes and beach ridges; also wet or dry industrial development, and some sand occur. 20-75 lacustrine material overlie Devonian and Alfisols (Epiaqualfs) scattered loamy areas: Colwood, Aquic prairies. mining. Oak-hickory dry woodland, Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Land Use and Land Cover Mississippian carbonates and shale. Mermill. red maple-black ash seepage swamps, Vegetation black oak savanna, coastal plain marsh, Area Elevation / Surficial material and bedrock Order (Great Groups) Common Soil Series Temperature / Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature pin oak-swamp forest, and dry dune (square Local Relief Moisture Regimes Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; communities occur. Many areas miles) (feet) (inches) (days) July min/max, (˚F) reforested; some areas protected. 72a. Wabash 877 Glaciated and unglaciated. Nearly level 350-525 Quaternary alluvium and glacial outwash. Inceptisols (Eutrochrepts, Nolin, Haymond, Zipp, Mesic/ 41-45 180-200 24-28/42-46; Mostly bottomland hardwood forest; Corn, soybean, wheat, and livestock alluvial plain with terraces, oxbow lakes, and / Pennsylvanian shale, sandstone, and some Dystrochrepts, Evansville, Wheeling, Vincennes. Udic, 66/92 also beech forest, swamp, pond, farming; also woodlands, wetlands, oil 560 Glaciated. Nearly level, level, and 660-730 Mostly fine to very fine, calcareous Mostly Inceptisols Paulding, Roselms, Latty, Fulton. Mesic/ 33-35 151-155 19/37; Elm-ash swamp forest; also, beech Soybeans, small grain, some corn, and Bottomlands 57c. Paulding Plains low gradient rivers with silt bottoms. 10-175 limestone. Endoaquepts), Alfisols Aquic slough communities. production, sand and gravel mining. depressional lake plain characterized by / lacustrine sediment and some glacial till (Epiaquepts); also Alfisols Fine to very fine, somewhat Aquic 61/88 forest. hay on artificially drained land. (Hapludalfs) extensive areas of poor to very poor natural <10-40, overlie Silurian and Devonian limestone, (Epiaqualfs) poorly-drained to very poorly- drainage on high clay material. Very sluggish, maximum dolomite, and shale. drained, illitic soils. 72b. Glaciated 2796 Glaciated. Undulating to rolling lowland plain 400-800 Pre-Wisconsinan loamy glacial till. Mostly Alfisols Ava, Alford, Cincinnati, Hickory, Mesic/ 40-43 165-200+ 21-26/38-43; Oak-hickory forest, beech forest; also Corn, soybean, wheat, vegetable, and often channelized, low-gradient streams and 60 Wabash with wide, shallow, low gradient valleys; / Quaternary alluvium, loess, dune sand, or (Endoaqualfs, Fragiudalfs, Vigo, Iva, Wakeland, Bloomfield. Udic, 63/91 scattered prairies. livestock farming; also surface coal ditches with clayey channels and very high Lowlands dunes in west. 25-200 lacustrine deposits. Mostly Pennsylvanian Hapludalfs); also Entisols Aquic mining, scattered woodland. loads of suspended clay are common. shale and sandstone; also coal and (Fluvaquents), Mollisols limestone beds. (Argiudolls) near Wabash R. 57d. Marblehead 893 Glaciated. Mostly a broad lake plain with 575-970 Sometimes thin, fine, poorly-drained, Mostly Alfisols (Hapludalfs, On glacial lake sediments: Kibbie, Mesic/ 31-34, 160-197; 205 21/37; Mostly elm-ash swamp forest; also Corn, small grains, soybeans, hay, on Drift/Limestone exposures of carbonate bedrock, end / water-worked, glacial till and lacustrine Epiaqualfs), Inceptisols Toledo. On water-worked glacial Aquic, max. at Put-in-Bay 61-65/83-87 beech forest. Mixed oak forest on artificially drained land; vegetable and 72c. Southern 1810 Unglaciated and glaciated (glacial till not 390-600 Quaternary alluvium, loess, dune sand, and Alfisols (Fragiaqualfs, Hosmer, Zanesville, Dubois, Mesic/ 41-43 175-200+ 25/45; Oak-hickory forest, western mixed Corn, soybean, wheat, livestock, extensive). Undulating to rolling terrain, wide / lacustrine deposits. Pennsylvanian shale, Fragiudalfs, Hapludalfs); Stendal, Wellston, Alford. Udic, 65/91 mesophytic forest, southern swamp vegetable farms; also, woodland, oil Plain moraines, beach ridges, sand dunes at Cedar 10-100 sediment; also coarser end moraine and (Endoaquepts), Mollisols till: Hoytville, Nappanee, Blount. Udic snow near on South carbonate ridges and well-drained fruit farming is well adapted to the Wabash Point, marl prairies near Castalia, and sink beach ridge deposits. Outcrops of the (Argiaquolls, Rendolls) On or near dolomitic limestone Lake Erie Bass Island areas. Scattered prairies on thin-soiled relatively mild shoreline climate. Near Lowlands shallow valleys with low to medium gradient 25-150 sandstone, coal with bedrock exposures also Entisols (Udorthents; in Aquic forest. wells, and surface coal mines, especially holes. Streams often flow on carbonate underlying Silurian and Devonian bedrock: Castalia, Milton, carbonate ridges and marl plains. Fens Lake Erie are residential, commercial, stream channels; paleodunes in west. common in east. south along streams, in Warrick and Pike counties. bedrock. carbonate bedrock occur. Millsdale. along Lake Erie and Sandusky Bay. and industrial developments. Fluvaquents)

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