DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Hoplolaimus Smokyensis N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Hoplolaimus Smokyensis N Nematology 21 (2019) 923-935 brill.com/nemy Morphological and molecular characterisation of Hoplolaimus smokyensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae), a lance nematode from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA ∗ Xinyuan MA 1, , Robert T. ROBBINS 2,ErnestC.BERNARD 3, Claudia M. HOLGUIN 4 and Paula AGUDELO 1 1 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA 3 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 4 Corpoica es ahora Agrosavia, Rionegro, 054040, Colombia Received: 25 November 2018; revised: 11 April 2019 Accepted for publication: 11 April 2019; available online: 20 May 2019 Summary – Hoplolaimus smokyensis n. sp. is a new species of lance nematode collected in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Females of H. smokyensis n. sp. have a labial region characterised by six, occasionally five, annules. The basal lip annule is subdivided by about 24 longitudinal striae. The stylet averages 47 μm long with robust, tulip-shaped stylet knobs bearing anterior projections. The hemizonid is ca 4 μm anterior to the excretory pore. The lateral field is incompletely areolated and has four continuous incisures from the metacorpus region to the tail region. There are three pharyngeal gland nuclei. Vulval epiptygma are absent. The scutellate phasmids are located one anterior and one posterior to the vulva. The male is shorter than the female and the head region is higher and more rounded than that of the female. The bursa extends to the tail tip and the gubernaculum is large and protrusible and has titillae and a capitulum. Morphologically, H. smokyensis n. sp. is most similar to H. galeatus and H. stephanus, but can be distinguished by differences such as the number of annules and longitudinal striae on the lip region and morphometric values. Hoplolaimus smokyensis n. sp. is also genetically distinct from other species according to comparisons of ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal and mitochondrial gene sequences suggest that H. smokyensis n. sp. is a lineage distinct from related Hoplolaimus species. Keywords – Acer sp., Eastern hemlock, Halesia carolina, lance nematode, maple, morphology, morphometrics, new species, phylogeny, plant-parasitic nematode, silverbell, taxonomy, Tsuga canadensis. During a survey of fauna of Great Smoky Mountains idase subunit I (COI) sequences supported this result, National Park, along the Tennessee-North Carolina bor- ensuring that molecular information of this undescribed der in the south-eastern USA, a Hoplolaimus von Daday, lance nematode had not yet been reported. Females, males 1905 species was isolated from a mixed forest sample of and juveniles were examined for morphological character- maple (Acer sp.), Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) istics, morphometrics and phylogenetic relationships. We Carrière) and silverbell (Halesia carolina L., 1759). This name the species Hoplolaimus smokyensis n. sp. in refer- species was initially distinguished from other reported ence to the locality where it was first found. lance nematodes based on a BLAST (Basic Local Align- Hoplolaimus smokyensis n. sp. is closest to H. galea- ment Search Tool) search result of internal transcribed tus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935 and H. stephanus Sher, spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences at the NCBI (National Center 1963, but can be distinguished by minor morphological for Biotechnology Information). Its position was isolated differences, such as the numbers of annules and longitu- on a phylogenetic tree composed of all available unique dinal striae in the lip region, morphometric values, and ITS1 sequences of Hoplolaimus species from GenBank. absence of epiptygma. In this study, we applied two ge- A phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome ox- netic markers, mitochondrial (COI) and ribosomal DNA ∗ Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] © The authors, 2019 DOI 10.1163/15685411-00003266 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License. Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:26:35PM via free access X. Ma et al. (ITS1), to obtain an analysis of higher resolution on tax- was set at 95°C for 3 min, followed by 33 cycles of 95°C onomic relationships, which support the delimitation of for 45 s, 50°C for 1 min 15 s, 72°C for 2 min and final H. smokyensis n. sp. DNA sequences were aligned with extension at 72°C for 10 min (Holguin et al., 2015a). The BLAST in GenBank. The highest similarity (89% on both amplified products were loaded onto a 1.5% agarose gel COI and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1) markers) was and visualised with GelRed™ (Biotium). PCR products with H. magnistylus Robbins, 1982 sequences. Alignment for both regions were purified using magnetic beads and analyses using MUSCLE (Edgar, 2004) showed unique sequenced in both directions with the ABI 3730 capil- molecular characteristics possessed by H. smokyensis n. lary sequencer (Applied Biosystems) in the DNA Labo- sp. Phylogenetic trees generated with MrBayes (Huelsen- ratory (School of Life Sciences) at Arizona State Univer- beck & Ronquist, 2001) indicated H. smokyensis n. sp. as sity. Sequencing results were edited and assembled in Se- a distinct clade. quencher 5.1 (Genes Code). Consensus DNA sequences were searched in GenBank using BLAST, then aligned with MUSCLE (Edgar, 2004). Materials and methods A best-fit model of nucleotide substitution was selected using the GTR + I + G model with the Akaike Infor- NEMATODE ISOLATION mation Criterion (AIC) among 56 different models using ModelTest v 3.7 (Posada & Crandall, 1998). Bayesian in- Female, male and juvenile specimens were sampled ference was implemented for each gene separately using from Great Smoky Mountains National Park in July 2006. the MrBayes 3.1.2 program (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist, Nematodes were extracted from soil with a combina- 2001) running the chain for 1 × 107 generations with tion of sieving-decanting and sucrose centrifugal-flotation the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, a sam- (Jenkins, 1964). Specimens were killed and fixed, pro- ple frequency of 100 and burn-in value of 2500. We esti- cessed to glycerin and permanently mounted on slides as mated the posterior probabilities of the phylogenetic trees described by Ye & Robbins (2003). (Larget & Simon, 1999) using the 50% majority rule. The phylogenetic trees were viewed on phylo.io (Robinson et MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION AND MICROGRAPHY al., 2016) and iTOL (Interactive tree of life v3) (Letunic & Bork, 2016). Permanently mounted specimens were examined and imaged. Some live specimens were imaged as well. Most images were produced with a 14-megapixel Q-camera Results on an Olympus BX-63 differential interference-contrast microscope system. Measurements were made on a Nikon Hoplolaimus smokyensis* n. sp. Optiphot II compound microscope with the aid of a (Figs 1-4) drawing tube or ocular micrometer. Mean annule width was calculated by measuring a series of ten annules at MEASUREMENTS mid-body. See Table 1. MOLECULAR PROFILES AND PHYLOGENY DESCRIPTION DNA was extracted from individual nematodes us- ing Sigma Extract-N-Amp kit (XNAT2) (Sigma). The Female manufacturer’s protocol was modified by reducing vol- Female body generally cylindrical, vermiform, tapering umes to one eighth of the recommended amount (Ma et slightly at each end. Head set off, with massive cephalic al., 2011). The ITS1 was amplified with primers Hoc-1f framework, usually bearing six lip annules and the oral (5 -AACCTGCTGCTGGATCATTA-3 ) and LSUD3r (5 - disc, but sometimes with five annules (six individuals out TATGCTTAAGTTCAGCGGGT-3 ) following Bae et al. of 30 specimens), basal annule tessellated, divided into ca (2008, 2009); and a portion of cytochrome c oxidase 20 equal blocks (Fig. 1A, B). Oral disc surrounded by a subunit I (COI) sequence was amplified with primers lip annule separated into six sections: two subdorsal, two JB3 (5-TTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTAT-3) and JB5 (5 -AGCACCTAAACTTAAAACATAATGAAA-3 ) * The specific epithet refers to the locality where the species was (Derycke et al., 2005). For COI, the initial denaturation first found. 924 Nematology Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 05:26:35PM via free access Hoplolaimus smokyensis n. sp. from the USA Table 1. Morphometrics of Hoplolaimus smokyensis n. sp. All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range). Character Female Male Holotype Paratypes Paratypes n – 30 17 L 1409 1335 ± 174 (997-1870) 1096 ± 87 (972-1261) a 34.7 30.1 ± 3.3 (23.5-36.9) 30.5 ± 2.3 (26.1-34.5) b9.99.8± 1.6 (7.1-14.9) 8.1 ± 0.7 (7.1-9.3) b’ 7.3 6.8 ± 0.9 (4.9-8.9) 5.8 ± 0.5 (5.2-6.7) c 115.7 114 ± 15.8 (91.3-154) 36.8 ± 3.7 (28.9-42.3) c’ 0.7 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.5-1.0) 1.5 ± 0.2 (1.3-1.9) V 54.4 56.5 ± 2.6 (49.7-62.1) – Max. body diam. 41 44.4 ± 4.1 (34.5-52.8) 36.1 ± 3.4 (30.5-42.6) Lip annulus 6 5.8 ± 0.4 (5-6) 5.8 ± 0.4 (5-6) Lip height 8 8.1 ± 0.3 (7.1-9.1) 8.1 ± 0.2 (7.1-8.7) Lip diam. 16 15.8 ± 1.0 (14.2-18.3) 13.9 ± 0.6 (12.2-14.2) Conus 24 25.8 ± 1.6 (22.3-28.4) 23.8 ± 1.5 (22.3-26.4) Stylet length 47 47.9 ± 1.9 (44.7-50.8) 43.4 ± 2.1 (40.6-48.7) Pharynx 142 138 ± 16.7 (79-183) 136 ± 6.4 (126-152) Anterior end to pharyngeal gland tip 193 199 ± 11.2 (168-223) 189 ± 10.7 (173-207) Tail length 26 24.9 ± 4.0 (20.3-34.5) 30.0 ± 3.4 (24.4-36.5) Anal body diam.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Description and Identification of Four Species of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Forage Legumes
    5 Egypt. J. Agronematol., Vol. 17, No.1, PP. 51-64 (2018) Description and Identification of Four Species of Plant-parasitic Nematodes Associated with Forage Legumes * * Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad ; Mohamed F.M. Eissa ; Abd-Elmoneim Y. ** *** **** El-Gindi ; Grover C. Smart ; and Ahmed El-bahrawy . * Plant Pathology Department, National Research Centre. ** Department of Agricultural Zoology and Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt. *** Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, USA. **** Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy. Abstract Four species of plant parasitic nematodes were present in soil samples planted with forage legumes at Alachua County, Florida, USA. The detected species Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Criconemella ornate, Hoplolaimus galeatus, and Paratrichodorus minor were described in the present study. They belong to orders Rhabditida (Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Criconemella ornate, and Hoplolaimus galeatus) and Triplonchida (Paratrichodorus minor) and to taxonomical families Dolichodoridae (Belonolaimus longicaudatus), Hoplolaimidae (Hoplolaimus galeatus) Criconematidae (Criconemella ornate), and Trichodoridae (Paratrichodorus minor). The identification of the present specimens was based on the classical taxonomy, following morphological and morphometrical characters in the species specific identification keys. Keywords: Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Criconemella ornate, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Paratrichodorus minor, morphology,
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Cotton Nematodes Through Different Management Strategies
    Ramzan et al. Available Ind. J. Pure online App. atBiosci. www.ijpab.com (2019) 7(4), 80 -85 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7711 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2019) 7(4), 80-85 Research Article Management of Cotton Nematodes through Different Management Strategies Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Umair Rasool Azmi3, Abdullah Arshad2, Muhammad Shaheryar4, Armghan Afzal2 1Department of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Punjab Pakistan 2Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan 3Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan 4Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 25.06.2019 | Revised: 28.07.2019 | Accepted: 4.08.2019 ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most important textile fibre crops in the world, and cotton seeds are also fed to animals and made into oil. Plant Parasitic nematodes known as Phyto-nematodes; a threat for the agricultural crops such as cotton. Nematodes are very small, worm-like, multicellular animals adapted to living in water and soil. Some species of nematode are plant feeder and aerial feeder. Different methods such as cultural, biological, botanical etc. are used for the management of nematodes globally. The aim of present review is to evaluate the best method for controlling the nematodes. Botanicals nematicides are the best method for nematodes management because botanical have no harmful impact on human, animals and environment. New, more efficient and ecofriendly nematicides are needed along with machineries for more effective application.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 EXCISED ROOT CULTURE for MASS PRODUCTION of HOPLOLAIMUS COLUMBUS SHER (NEMATA: TYLENCHIDA) ABSTRACT RESUMEN INTRODUCTION the C
    EXCISED ROOT CULTURE FOR MASS PRODUCTION OF HOPLOLAIMUS COLUMBUS SHER (NEMATA: TYLENCHIDA) S. Supramana,1 S. A. Lewis,2 J. D. Mueller,3 B. A. Fortnum,4 and R. E. Ballard5 Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor—Indonesia 16144,1 Department of Plant Pathology and Physiology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634,2 Clemson University Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC 29817,3 Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506-9706,4 and Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.5 ABSTRACT Supramana, S., S. A. Lewis, J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2002. Excised root culture for mass production of Hoplolaimus columbus Sher (Nemata: Tylenchida). Nematropica 32:5-11. Experiments with a monoxenic culture of Hoplolaimus columbus on excised roots were conducted to evaluate effects of temperature and initial population density (Pi) on final population numbers (Pf), evaluate host range, and compare virulence and host specificity to that in field populations. The nematodes fed and reproduced on excised root cultures, with average reproductive factors (Pf/Pi) of 254 on alfalfa and 121 on soybean after 90 days. Incubation at 30°C and an initial population of 10 nematodes per 9-cm petri dish were optimal for reproduction. Nematodes maintained in excised root culture for one year retained their virulence and host specificity in the greenhouse when compared to extracted field populations. Key words: alfalfa, culture, excised root, Hoplolaimus columbus, host, lance nematode, Medicago sativa, reproductive factor, soybean, virulence. RESUMEN Supramana, S., S. A. Lewis, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Variability of Rotylenchulus Reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems Megan Leach Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2010 Population Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems Megan Leach Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Leach, Megan, "Population Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis in Cotton Agroecosystems" (2010). All Dissertations. 669. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/669 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POPULATION VARIABILITY OF ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS IN COTTON AGROECOSYSTEMS A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Plant and Environmental Sciences by Megan Marie Leach December 2010 Accepted by: Dr. Paula Agudelo, Committee Chair Dr. Halina Knap Dr. John Mueller Dr. Amy Lawton-Rauh Dr. Emerson Shipe i ABSTRACT Rotylenchulus reniformis, reniform nematode, is a highly variable species and an economically important pest in many cotton fields across the southeast. Rotation to resistant or poor host crops is a prescribed method for management of reniform nematode. An increase in the incidence and prevalence of the nematode in the United States has been reported over the
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Columbia Lance Nematode
    Ma et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:321 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04187-y Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access The complete mitochondrial genome of the Columbia lance nematode, Hoplolaimus columbus, a major agricultural pathogen in North America Xinyuan Ma1, Paula Agudelo1, Vincent P. Richards2 and J. Antonio Baeza2,3,4* Abstract Background: The plant-parasitic nematode Hoplolaimus columbus is a pathogen that uses a wide range of hosts and causes substantial yield loss in agricultural felds in North America. This study describes, for the frst time, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. columbus from South Carolina, USA. Methods: The mitogenome of H. columbus was assembled from Illumina 300 bp pair-end reads. It was annotated and compared to other published mitogenomes of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea. The phylogenetic relationships between H. columbus and other 6 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were examined using protein-coding genes (PCGs). Results: The mitogenome of H. columbus is a circular AT-rich DNA molecule 25,228 bp in length. The annotation result comprises 12 PCGs, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 19 transfer RNA genes. No atp8 gene was found in the mitog- enome of H. columbus but long non-coding regions were observed in agreement to that reported for other plant- parasitic nematodes. The mitogenomic phylogeny of plant-parasitic nematodes in the superfamily Tylenchoidea agreed with previous molecular phylogenies. Mitochondrial gene synteny in H. columbus was unique but similar to that reported for other closely related species. Conclusions: The mitogenome of H. columbus is unique within the superfamily Tylenchoidea but exhibits similarities in both gene content and synteny to other closely related nematodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Implications of Phasmid Absence in Males of Three Genera in Heteroderinae 1 L
    Journal of Nematology 22(3):386-394. 1990. © The Society of Nematologists 1990. Phylogenetic Implications of Phasmid Absence in Males of Three Genera in Heteroderinae 1 L. K. CARTA2 AND J. G. BALDWINs Abstract: Absence of the phasmid was demonstrated with the transmission electron microscope in immature third-stage (M3) and fourth-stage (M4) males and mature fifth-stage males (M5) of Heterodera schachtii, M3 and M4 of Verutus volvingentis, and M5 of Cactodera eremica. This absence was supported by the lack of phasmid staining with Coomassie blue and cobalt sulfide. All phasmid structures, except the canal and ampulla, were absent in the postpenetration second-stagejuvenile (]2) of H. schachtii. The prepenetration V. volvingentis J2 differs from H. schachtii by having only a canal remnant and no ampulla. This and parsimonious evidence suggest that these two types of phasmids probably evolved in parallel, although ampulla and receptor cavity shape are similar. Absence of the male phasmid throughout development might be associated with an amphimictic mode of reproduction. Phasmid function is discussed, and female pheromone reception ruled out. Variations in ampulla shape are evaluated as phylogenetic character states within the Heteroderinae and putative phylogenetic outgroup Hoplolaimidae. Key words: anaphimixis, ampulla, cell death, Cactodera eremica, Heterodera schachtii, Heteroderinae, parallel evolution, parthenogenesis, phasmid, phylogeny, ultrastructure, Verutus volvingentis. Phasmid sensory organs on the tails of phasmid openings in the males of most gen- secernentean nematodes are sometimes era within the plant-parasitic Heteroderi- notoriously difficult to locate with the light nae, except Meloidodera (24) and perhaps microscope (18). Because the assignment Cryphodera (10) and Zelandodera (43).
    [Show full text]
  • STUDIES on the COPULATORY BEHAVIOUR of the FREE-LIVING NEMATODE PANAGRELLUS REDIVIVUS (GOODEY, 1945). by C.L. DUGGAL M.Sc. (Hons
    STUDIES ON THE COPULATORY BEHAVIOUR OF THE FREE-LIVING NEMATODE PANAGRELLUS REDIVIVUS (GOODEY, 1945). by C.L. DUGGAL M.Sc. (Hons. School) Panjab University A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London Imperial College Field Station, Ashurst Lodge, Sunninghill, Ascot, Berkshire. September 1977 2 AtSTRACT The copulatory behaviour of Panagrellus redivivus is described in detail and an attempt is made to relate copulation with the age and reproductive state of the nematodes. Male P. redivivus show both pre- and post-insemination coiling around the female and they use their spicules for probing and for opening the female gonopore. Morphological studies on the spicules have been made at both the light microscope level and the scanning electron microscope level in order to understand their functional importance during copulation. The process of insemination has been studied in some detail and the morphological changes occurring in the sperm during their migration from the seminal vesicle to the seminal receptacle have been recorded. It was found that during migration the sperm formed long chains by attaching themselves anterio-posteriorly, each sperm producing pseudopodial-like projections. The frequency of copulation in the male nematodes and its influence on the number of sperm produced and on the nematode life- span was examined, and compared with the development and longevity of aging virgin males. The number of sperm shed into the uterus of the female at the time of copulation was found to increase with increasing intervals between copulations. Similar observations were also made on the life-span and oocyte production in copulated and virgin females.
    [Show full text]
  • From Sahelian Zone of West Africa : 7. Helicotylenchus Dihystera
    Fundam. appl. Nemawl., 1995, 18 (6), 503-511 Ecology and pathogenicity of the Hoplolaimidae (Nemata) from the sahelian zone of West Africa. 7. Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 and comparison with Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956 Pierre BAuJARD* and Bernard MARTINY ORSTOM, Laboraloire de Nématologie, B.P. 1386, Dakar, Sénégal. Accepted for publication 29 August 1994. Summary - The geographical distribution and field host plants, population dynamics and vertical distribution were studied for the nematode Helicoly/enchus dihysr.era. The factors influencing the multiplication rate and the effects of anhydrobiosis were studied for H. dihysr.era and H. mullicinclus in the laboratory and showed that absence of H. mullicinClus from semi-arid tropics of West Africa might be explained by the effects ofhigh soil temperature on multiplication rate and low survival rate after soil desiccation during the dry season. The field and laboratory observations showed that anhydrobiosis might induce a strong effeet on the physiology of H. dihyslera, nematode numbers being higher after soil desiccation during the dry season. H. dihyslera appeared pathogenic to peanut and millet. Résumé - Écologie et nocuité des Hoplolaimidae (Nernata) de la zone sahélienrw de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. 7. Helico­ tylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 et comparaison avec Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956- La répartition géographique et les plantes hôtes, la dynamique des populations et la répartition verticale ont été étudiées pour le nématode Helicoly/enchus dihysr.era. Les facteurs influençant le taux de multiplication et les effets de l'anhydrobiose ont été étudiés au laboratoire pour H. dihystera et H.
    [Show full text]
  • Exotic Nematodes of Grains CP
    INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE GRAINS INDUSTRY Generic Contingency Plan Exotic nematodes affecting the grains industry Specific examples detailed in this plan: Maize cyst nematode (Heterodera zeae), Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) and Chickpea cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri) Plant Health Australia August 2013 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts have been made to obtain relevant and published information on these pests. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Level 1, 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available from the web site listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2013 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Extraction and Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Corn Mychele Batista Da Silva Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2013 Studies on extraction and control of plant-parasitic nematodes on corn Mychele Batista da Silva Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Batista da Silva, Mychele, "Studies on extraction and control of plant-parasitic nematodes on corn" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 13157. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13157 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Studies on extraction and control of plant-parasitic nematodes on corn by Mychele Batista da Silva A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Plant Pathology Program of Study Committee: Gregory L. Tylka, Major Professor Alison Robertson Roger Elmore Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2013 Copyright © Mychele Batista da Silva, 2013. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my family, mainly to my parents Marlene Batista da Silva and Sebastiao Batista da Silva for their support and love for me. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………….. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………….. v ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………... vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION…............................................................... 1 Thesis Organization …..……………………………………………………….... 1 General Introduction and Literature Review ….…………………………....…… 1 Literature Cited ………………………………………………………………....
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Comparison and Taxonomic Utility of Copulatory Structures of Selected Nematode Species 1
    Journal of Nematology 19(3):314-323. 1987. © The Society of Nematologists 1987. Morphological Comparison and Taxonomic Utility of Copulatory Structures of Selected Nematode Species 1 ABDALLAH RAMMAH ~ AND HEDWIG HIRSCHMANN 3 Abstract: Spicules of 9 Meloidoffyne, 2 Heterodera, 3 Globodera, and 12 other plant-parasitic, insect- parasitic, and free-living nematodes were excised and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gubernacula of some of the species were also excised, and their structure was determined. The two spicules of all species examined were symmetrically identical in morphology. The spicule typically consisted of three parts: head, shaft, and blade with dorsal and ventral vela. The spicular nerve entered through the cytoplasmic core opening on the lateral outer surface of the spicule head and generally communicated with the exterior through one or two pores at the spicule tip. Spicules ofXiphinema sp. and Aporcelaimellus sp. were not composed of three typical parts, were less sclerotized, and lacked a cytoplasmic core opening and distal pores. Spicules of Aphelenchoides spp. had heads expanded into apex and rostrum and had very arcuate blades with thick dorsal and ventral edges (limbs). Gubernaculum shapes were stable within a species, but differed among species examined. The accessory structures of Hoplolaimus galeatus consisted of a tongue-shaped gubernaculum with two titillae at its distal end and a plate-like capitulum terminating distally in two flat, wing-like structures. A comparison of spicules of several species of Meloidogyne by SEM and light microscopy revealed no striking morphological differences. Key words: spicule, gubernaculum, capitulum, titillae, scanning electron microscopy, light mi- croscopy, Aphelenchoides, Aporcelaimel~us, Belonolaimus, Dolichodorus, Globodera, Heterorhabditis, Het- erodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Mesorhabditis, PanagreUus, Tylenchorhynchus, Xiphinema.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Hoplolaimus Bachlongviensis Sp. N.(Nematoda
    Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6523 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e6523 Taxonomic Paper Description of Hoplolaimus bachlongviensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from banana soil in Vietnam Tien Huu Nguyen‡‡, Quang Duc Bui , Phap Quang Trinh‡ ‡ Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Corresponding author: Phap Quang Trinh ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vlada Peneva Received: 09 Sep 2015 | Accepted: 04 Nov 2015 | Published: 10 Nov 2015 Citation: Nguyen T, Bui Q, Trinh P (2015) Description of Hoplolaimus bachlongviensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from banana soil in Vietnam. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6523. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e6523 ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E1697C01-66CB-445B-9B70-8FB10AA8C37E Abstract Background The genus Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905 belongs to the subfamily Hoplolaimine Filipiev, 1934 of family Hoplolaimidae Filipiev, 1934 (Krall 1990). Daday established this genus on a single female of H. tylenchiformis recovered from a mud hole on Banco Island, Paraguay in 1905 (Sher 1963, Krall 1990). Hoplolaimus species are distributed worldwide and cause damage on numerous agricultural crops (Luc et al. 1990Robbins et al. 1998). In 1992, Handoo and Golden reviewed 29 valid species of genus Hoplolaimus Dayday, 1905 (Handoo and Golden 1992). Siddiqi (2000) recognised three subgenera in Hoplolaimus: Hoplolaimus (Hoplolaimus) with ten species, is characterized by lateral field distinct, with four incisures, excretory pore behind hemizonid; Hoplolaimus ( Basirolaimus) with 18 species, is characterized by lateral field with one to three incisures, obliterated, excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, dorsal oesophageal gland quadrinucleate; and Hoplolaimus (Ethiolaimus) with four species is characterized by lateral field with one to three incisures, obliterated; excretory pore anterior to hemizonid, dorsal oesophageal gland uninucleate (Siddiqi 2000).
    [Show full text]