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Chandrapur District Water Safety Plan

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Chandrapur District Water Safety Plan CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT WATER SAFETY PLAN FIRST DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION 7TH FEBRUARY 2015 INDEX 1 Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... 3 2 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1: Background ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Project components ....................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: Research methodology .......................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Planning framework ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Data collection ............................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 3: Situation analysis .................................................................................................................. 7 3.1 Location ......................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Demographics .............................................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Geology ........................................................................................................................................ 8 3.4 Climate ......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.5 Process mapping (current practices at various levels) ................................................................. 11 3.6 Typologies of contamination (rural) ............................................................................................ 14 3.7 Criticality scoring ........................................................................................................................ 34 Chapter 4: Plan ..................................................................................................................................... 37 4.1 Targets/goals ............................................................................................................................... 37 4.2 Interventions ............................................................................................................................... 37 Chapter 5: Way forward ....................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 6: Annexures ........................................................................................................................... 42 6.1 drinking water quality standards .................................................................................................. 42 6.2 Nitrate affected villages and sources (details) .............................................................................. 49 6.3 Fluoride Affected villages and sources (details) ............................................................................ 55 6.4 Hardness affected villages and sources (details) ........................................................................... 57 6.5 Acidity affected villages and sources (details) ............................................................................... 59 6.6 TDS affected villages and sources (details) ................................................................................... 60 6.7 Iron affected villages and sources (details) ................................................................................... 61 6.8 Alkalinity affected villages and sources (details) ........................................................................... 62 6.9 Chloride affected villages and sources (details) ............................................................................ 63 6.10 Biological quality affected villages and sources (details) ............................................................. 64 6.11 Red card villages ........................................................................................................................ 68 6.12 villages downstream of Cities/towns .......................................................................................... 70 6.13 Toilet coverage GP-wise ............................................................................................................. 77 6.14 At risk villages ............................................................................................................................ 99 6.15 VIllagewise criticality score (Villages with positive criticality score) .......................................... 110 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …… 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …… CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1: BACKGROUND Ensuring safe water supply is the key to public health. Contaminated water is a major problem especially in rural areas of Maharashtra. Water gets contaminated due to various reasons, the most critical being organic and bacterial contamination caused by discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater in water bodies. Agricultural run-offs, adequate water flow for dilution, chemical contamination of ground and surface water, geogenic causes, etc. are also major water contaminants. Some of the health hazards caused by water contamination are spread of epidemics like cholera, jaundice, diarrhoea, typhoid, gastroentiritis etc.; nervous disorders and other disabilities, disruption of biological processes, etc. Many activities are being conducted for water safety under water quality control and surveillance of NRDWP. Lots of data is being generated at the district level which can be further analysed and a baseline plan document for the district can be prepared. The water safety planning process at a village level has also been designed. However, many issues related to water quality still prevail in Maharashtra. There is improper water handling in many households, lack of water quality testing and monitoring at village level, provision of mitigation measures by the district level, policy issues regarding industrial pollution and effluent discharges by big towns and cities, etc. Most of the issues need to be tackled at village/ block and district level. Considering water supply arrangements from catchment to consumer, urban polluters, industrial polluters, geogenic chemical contaminations, need was felt for a ‘district level plan for water safety’. This is a pilot of ‘district water safety plan for Chandrapur district’. This plan provides a robust decision support system at the district level for management of water quality. Along with the plan for better water quality in the district, it also identifies major hotspots of water contamination which need to be focused on priority. The roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders are also identified in the plan. 1.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS The following are the main components of the District Water Safety Plan: I. Framework for district water quality situation assessment The plan demonstrates a water quality situation assessment methodology. The situation assessment will look at the following factors: i. Affected areas and population ii. Typologies of contamination These will be delineated based on Chemical / Biological, reasons for contamination etc. iii. Existing mechanisms for remediation and mitigation Roles of various stakeholders will be assessed. Service delivery with respect to ensuring drinking water safety will be the focus. Mitigation measures such as the framework for water quality testing, provision of TCL etc will be assessed along with remediation measures such as providing RO units, piped water supply etc. iv. Issues High risk areas (Hot spots) will be identified using a scoring system to be based on the criticality of issues faced by population in the planning units. II. District level plan for improving water quality management The plan deals not only with the water quality but also addresses the management framework that is in place to ensure safe drinking water. To that end the following will be done: i. Intervention packages for villages Interventions are designed for each typology as against for each village individually. A village may have multiple contamination typologies, in which case a bundle of interventions (a combination of intervention packages) are applicable to it. ii. Prioritization A schema for prioritizing the worst affected areas has been provided. This is based on the criticality scores calculated in the situation analysis (issues section). iii. Management changes This will address the systemic and functional issues that require a change in the management and procedure III. Decision support system for district level administration This planning framework is designed to help the district level administration streamline its resource allocation for water quality management, i.e. to serve as a decision support system. It also aims to provide a replicable and scalable template that can be used again in the future for evidence-based water safety planning.
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