Slough Borough Council

2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

January 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Slough Borough Council

Local Authority Jason Newman Officer Planning and Building Control Services – Department Environmental Quality Team Slough Borough Council St Martin Place Address 51 Bath Road Slough SL1 3UF Telephone 01753 875219

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference ED62398120 number Date January 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Slough Borough Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area

Air pollution levels within Slough remain a significant environmental and public health concern and the Council is working hard to improve air pollution, and to comply with national air quality objectives, in the shortest possible time. Good air quality is not only important to improving health outcomes of our residents, but also for enhancing the natural and built environment and for attracting residents, visitors and businesses to Slough.

Air Quality in Slough Borough Council

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1, 2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Sources of Poor Air Quality

The principal source of poor air quality within Slough, relates to road traffic emissions, but local construction activities, diesel trains operating on the Great Western Mainline, the town centre bus station, local industrial processes, larger combustion processes (EfW), and back-up diesel generators (data centres), as well as transboundary pollutants (e.g. pollutants outside Slough) also contribute to the background pollution levels.

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010

2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006

3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

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Detailed air quality modelling and source apportionment (e.g. what vehicles are mostly responsible for air pollution) was commissioned in 2015 to assist with the development of the Councils low emission strategy (the modelling used 2014 air quality data, road traffic data and Heathrow weather data). The modelling determined that local road traffic contributes around 50% towards NO2 concentrations at relevant receptors (those modelled within the AQMAs and surrounding area). The remainder is due to background levels that prevail in the area. Light passenger diesel cars are the main source of air pollution in the Borough accounting for between (7% and 30% of total NO2 concentrations. Heavy duty vehicles; artic and rigid HGVs and buses also contribute significantly to poor air quality in the Brands Hill Area of the Borough.

Air Quality Monitoring and Future monitoring proposals

The Council has monitored air quality for over 20 years and operates continuous air quality monitoring stations at four locations; 3 monitoring stations monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations; 2 monitoring stations monitor particulates (PM10) concentrations, using established reference methods. The Council also operates 2 indicative particulate monitors these measure (PM2.5) and (PM1.0). Additionally, the

Council has access to air quality data (NO2), (PM10) and (PM2.5) from a monitoring station operated by the Lakeside from Energy from Waste plant in Colnbrook. Access to real-time and historic monitoring data can be found on the following hyperlink http://sloughair.aeat.com/.

The Council also hired a temporary air quality monitoring station from TRL and installed this on the corner of Salt Hill Drive opposite Farnham Road within AQMA 3 in January 2015 the station has since been decommissioned in early 2017. The Council also operates a comprehensive (non-automatic) passive diffusion network of

50 diffusion tubes across 42 sites. The diffusion tubes monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. These tubes are collected on a 4 or 5 weekly basis and analysed at a UKAS accredited laboratory.

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The Council plans to upgrade its continuous air quality monitoring network in 2017, installing three new air quality monitoring stations within three of its Air Quality

Management Areas (AQMAs). These stations will monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations; and two of them will monitor (PM10) concentrations. The Council has also expanded its diffusion tube network in late 2016 to cover Langley village and the surrounding area, adding a further 5 monitoring sites.

Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas are defined geographical areas where air pollution levels are, or are likely to, exceed national air quality objectives at relevant locations (where the public maybe exposed to harmful air pollution over a period of time e.g. residential homes, schools etc.). Four Air Quality Management Areas have been declared due to breaches of the annual mean concentrations for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which is 40 µg/m3. Details of the AQMAs can be found on https://www.slough.gov.uk/pests-pollution-and-food-hygiene/air-quality-reports.aspx. and more detailed maps can be found on the Defra Website https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/maps.

In summary the AQMAs are defined as:

AQMA1: including land adjacent to the M4 along the north carriageway (junctions 5- 7) and south carriageway (junction 5 – Brands Hill) up to a distance of approximately 100m from the central carriageway.

AQMA 2: incorporates A4 London Road east of junction 5 M4, 300m past Sutton Lane along the Colnbrook by- pass and covers the entire gyratory system on A4 and both side of the A4 carriageway.

AQMA 3: incorporates the A355 Tuns Lane from junction 6 of the M4 motorway in a northerly direction to just past its junction with the A4 Bath Road approximately 200m north along A355 Farnham Road, the area is known as the "Three Tuns".

AQMA 4: incorporates the A4 Bath Road from the junction with Ledgers Road/Stoke Poges Lane, in an easterly direction, along Wellington Street, up to the Sussex Place junction.

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Extension of AQMA 3

The Council will be extending its AQMA3 in 2017 due to continued breaches of the annual mean concentration for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a relevant receptor on Bath Road. Air quality monitoring and modelling confirms the need to extend AQMA3; 300m eastwards along the A4 Bath Road as shown in the map below. As of July 2015, 1639 residential properties were located within Slough’s Air Quality Management Areas. There are no schools located within Slough’s Air Quality Management Areas. The playing grounds of Foxborough Primary School, just skirts the edge of the AQMA1 M4.

Air Quality Monitoring Results 2015 and Trends

This report covers the air quality results obtained for 2015 and compares these results over the past four and five years at the same sites to determine if there are any clear trends in pollution levels.

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Table 1 shows the air quality results in 2015 (after been ratified and bias corrected) that identify 10 residential monitoring locations in breach of the national air quality standard for annual mean nitrogen dioxide (NO2). At least one site is located within each AQMA.

Table 1 Distance corrected NO2 concentrations for residential sites which measure above 40 µg m-3 in 2015

Distance to kerb Distance Distance to of correction to Measured Relevant nearest residential Site ID Site Name AQMA concentration, Exposure main -3 façade µg m (m) (1) road concentration, from µg m-3 tube (m) Blair Road 37 4 18 13 43 41 Victoria Court 18 Brands Hill (A) 2 5 3 61 53 34-36 Chalvey (CAS) 1 30 45 41 45 Cornwall House, 46 4 0 10 41 41 Bath Rd 10 London Rd (C) 2 0 10 48 48 Princess House, 47 4 0 5 41 41 Bath Road Tuns Station, 48-50 3 0 10 46 46 Farnham Rd 40 Wexham Road 4 5 3 42 40 22 Winvale 1 10 20 43 48 Yew Tree Road 29 4 0 5 41 41 (Uxbridge Rd)

(1) 0m Means the tube is located on the façade of the residential receptor

Nitrogen dioxide concentrations continue to exceed annual objective concentrations at a number of locations throughout the Borough principally those which have high traffic volumes above 10,000 AADT (daily traffic movements) and/or high percentage of heavy vehicles on the strategic road network.

Air Quality Trends over 4-5 years

It is positive to note that the monitoring data is clearly demonstrating a downward trend in air quality concentrations for both NO2 and particulates (PM10). Only indicative measurements of (PM2.5) are recorded but the lowest recorded levels were monitored in 2015.

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The average reduction in concentration of annual mean (NO2) over the past 5 years across all the monitoring sites within the AQMAs is 0.9µg/m3 per year (or 2.25% of the air quality objective.

However, the rate of improvement required to meet the air quality objectives is still slow, and air pollution remains a significant issue for Slough residents and will do so for many more years to come. Concentrations vary significantly between monitoring sites with rates of improvement required to meet air quality objective (varying between 2.5% and 33%), of equal concern is the number of new residential builds being developed in areas already experiencing poor air quality.

Two sites in Brands Hill AQMA have actually shown increases in air pollution concentration over this time. There is no conformity to the change in concentrations from one monitoring site to the next even within the same AQMA. This could be down to how traffic is managed and where queueing of traffic occurs. Also the impact of weather conditions (wind direction, precipitation, temperature) can have a significant impact on air pollution so some years air pollution levels will be higher than others.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

Air Quality Action Plan and Low Emission Strategy

The council has developed Air Quality Action Plans that cover AQMA 1 and AQMA 2 and also AQMA3 and AQMA 4 these can be accessed on the following link: https://www.slough.gov.uk/pests-pollution-and-food-hygiene/air-quality-reports.aspx

.

The Council reported to Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs on 41 measures that are aimed at improving directly or indirectly air quality. Slough measures are reported within the Southeast Zone. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-quality-plan-for-reducing-nitrogen- dioxide-no2-in-south-east-uk0031

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A number of these measures are ongoing, some have yet to start, and others have been completed. Whilst these measures may have had some positive effects on air pollution concentrations and the downward trend, there is a need for more robust measures to be co-ordinated through a strategy (e.g. Low Emission Strategy).

It is also clear, that improving air quality requires a multi-disciplinary approach across all Council Services and Partners and across the wider residential and business community. The Council has developed a draft Low Emission Strategy aimed at reducing road transport emissions and improving health outcomes. The Strategy will be published in summer 2017 following a public consultation in spring 2017.

Low Emission Strategy

The Outcome of the Low Emission Strategy (2017 - 2025) is focussed on the short to medium term (over next 1-8 years) with the following principal outcomes:

 Implementing electric transport infrastructure (pubic ‘fast’ and ‘rapid’ electric charging points, operate electric taxis and electric/hybrid buses, and set up a town centre electric car club).

 Adopting planning policies for new developments to support sustainable transport (including restrictions on parking, as necessary) and implementation of low emission technologies and vehicles standards (including on site EV charging, low emission NOx boilers and requiring the latest EURO standards for HDVs servicing new major commercial developments).

 Improving public transport and cycling infrastructure.

 Requiring developers to produce sustainable travel plans that are focused on modal shift away from car use, and where this is not possible on increased uptake of ULEVs.

 As necessary, enforceable regulatory controls (such as the introduction of Clean Air Zones), subject to suitable funding and clear air quality modelling evidencing their effectiveness. The Council has applied to DEFRA for Grant funding in 2016 to complete feasibility work on introducing a Clean Air Zone.

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Brunel Way Rapid Charger – Charges Electric Car in 30 minutes – charger has been used over 500 times since its installation December 2014.

Draft Transport Strategy 2017

The draft Slough Transport Strategy 2017 has been updated to reflect and address the review of Slough’s Local Plan and its principal objectives for significant residential and business growth over the next 20 years. One of the main strands of the Transport Strategy is aimed at reducing impact of travel on communities (in particular air pollution) and the main emphasis is to reduce congestion.

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This Strategy is focussed on the medium/long term (5-20 years) in particular ensuring significant modal shift, improved cycling infrastructure, improved public transport service access and connectivity, constraint on town centre car parking, introduction of park and ride bus service, a dedicated ULEV mass rapid transit system on the A4 and the potential slough transit network across the north of the Borough. http://www.slough.gov.uk/council/strategies-plans-and-policies/the-emerging-local- plan-for-slough-2016-2036.aspx

Local Priorities and Challenges

Air Quality is a priority for the Council to address. The key challenges Slough faces in addressing poor air quality are:

 Our population is growing at a significant rate. We are expected to build nearly 20,000 new homes over the next 20 years within a heavily populated and congested urban Borough. Slough is only (32.54 km2). We will need to reduce the amount of parking allocated to town centre developments and ensure EV charging is installed and electric car club is operated.

 The main challenges are non-conforming EURO 6 light passenger diesel cars and vans coupled with the significant growth in diesel vehicles over the past 15 years. The Government needs to consider a diesel scrappage scheme for older polluting diesels as well ensuring newer diesel vehicles entering the market will meet the tougher real-world emission standards.

 A Lack of public awareness and understanding of air pollution is a significant barrier to change. There is a need for a public awareness campaigns at a national level which then can filter down at a local level.

How to Get Involved

Slough residents can find out more about air quality by visiting the Councils Webpages http://www.slough.gov.uk/pests-pollution-and-food-hygiene/air- quality.aspx and reading the Air Quality Action Plans. It is also advised that residents

Annual Status Report 2016 ix Slough Borough Council read the Local Transport Plan which includes strategies for modal shift, increased cycling and improved access and connectivity of public transport. http://www.slough.gov.uk/council/strategies-plans-and-policies/local-transport-plan- ltp3.aspx. Slough residents have access to the free app Airtext, that provides accurate air quality alerts, and health advice for At-Risk Groups and the General Population http://www.airtext.info/. Slough residents will be consulted on the new Low Emission Strategy that is currently being drafted. This Strategy will have its own dedicated web page on the SBC website.

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in Slough Borough Council ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... vi Local Priorities and Challenges ...... viii How to Get Involved...... ix 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2

2.2 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations...... 14 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 17 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 17 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 17 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 18 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 18

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 18

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 24

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 25 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 27 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015 ...... 39 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 41 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations ...... 45 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 48 Glossary of Terms ...... 49

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 8

List of Figures Figure 2-1 Air Quality Management Areas in Slough Borough Council area ...... 3 Figure2.2 Extended Air Quality Management Area 3 ...... 5

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Figure 2-3 Fraction of mortality attributed to particulate air pollution in Slough Borough Council ...... 14 Figure 3-1 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured at automatic monitoring stations from 2011 to 2015 ...... 18 Figure 3-2 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 5 to 14) in Table A.3 ...... 19 Figure 3-3 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 15 to 24) in Table A.3 ...... 20 Figure 3-4 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 25 to 34) in Table A.3 ...... 20 Figure 3-5 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 35 to 46) in Table A.3 ...... 21 Figure 3-6 PM10 concentrations measured within Slough Borough Council from 2011 to 2015 ...... 24 Figure 3-7 PM2.5 concentrations measured within Slough Borough Council from 2005 to 2015 ...... 25

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1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Slough Borough Council during 2015. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Slough Borough Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

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2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. A summary of AQMAs declared by Slough Borough Council can be found in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas Pollutants AQMA and Air City / One Line Description Action Plan Name Quality Town Objectives An area encompassing land Annex C of the Local adjacent to the M4 motorway Transport Plan. AQMA along the north carriageway Slough NO annual 2 M4 between junctions 5 and 7 and AQMA No1 mean http://www.slough.gov Motorway along the south carriageway .uk/downloads/LTP2- between junction 5 and Sutton annexes-A-H.pdf Lane. Annex C of the Local AQMA An area encompassing the A4 Transport Plan. Slough NO2 annual Brands London Road east of junction AQMA No. 2 mean 5 of the M4 motorway as far as http://www.slough.gov Hill Sutton Lane .uk/downloads/LTP2- annexes-A-H.pdf Action Plan for The Designated Area Slough Air Quality incorporates the A355 Tuns Management Areas AQMA Lane from junction 6 of the M4 Nos. 3 and 4 Slough NO annual motorway in a northerly 2 Tuns http://www.slough.gov AQMA No. 3 mean direction to just past its .uk/downloads/air- Lane junction with the A4 Bath Road quality-management- and A355 Farnham Road, areas-3-and-4.pdf known as the Three Tuns.

Action Plan for The Designated Area Slough Air Quality AQMA incorporates the A4 Bath Road Management Areas from the junction with Ledgers Nos. 3 and 4 Slough NO annual 2 Town Road/Stoke Poges Lane, in an http://www.slough.gov AQMA No. 4 mean easterly direction, along .uk/downloads/air- Centre Wellington Street, up to quality-management- Sussex Place junction. areas-3-and-4.pdf

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Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local- authorities?la_id=232

Air Quality Management Areas are also shown for convenience in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Air Quality Management Areas in Slough Borough Council area

AQMA No.1

(M4 AQMA westerly part)

AQMA No. 3 (Tuns Lane)

AQMA No4

(Town Centre)

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2013

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Slough AQMA No.1 M4 Motorway (easterly part) and AQMA No.2 A4 (Brands Hill)

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2013

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In 2017, the Council will be varying the AQMA 3 order to extend the air quality management area from Three Tuns junction 300m in an easterly direction along the A4 Bath Road. The Action Plan for Slough Air Quality Management Areas Nos. 3 and 4 will apply to this extended AQMA. Figure 2.2 shows the new extended AQMA3 purple hatching.

Figure 2.2 Extended Air Quality Management Area 3

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Slough Borough Council

The Council has taken forward a number of measures during the current reporting year of 2016 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.

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Most of these measures are outlined within the Local Transport Plan (2011-2026) http://www.slough.gov.uk/council/joint-strategic-needs-assessment/transport.aspx or respective Air Quality Action Plans and within the Low Emission Strategy (2017- 2025) which will be published in summer 2017. The Low Emission Strategy will effectively consolidate the Air Quality Action Plans under one main thematic strategy.

Key Completed measures to date include:

 the installation of the Sloughs first Rapid EV Charger  the installation of 12 ‘Fast’ public EV Chargers  Slough Cycle Hire Scheme including additional hubs in Brands Hill and Burnham  Strategic Road improvement (‘new’ Copthorne Roundabout and road widening of Tuns Lane)  (24/7) 7 series hybrid bus service

Progress on the following active measures has been slower than expected:

 Healthy Active Travel due to resistance on take up by parents/children – school travel dependency on cars remains a key barrier to improving air quality.

Slough Borough Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

 The Low Emission Strategy to be adopted by Cabinet and published

 OLEV EV taxi fund to be determined and work started on Taxi EV infrastructure

 Continuous Air Quality Stations to be installed within AQMA 2, 3 and 4.

 Additional public workplace EV chargers to be installed on Council sites

 Implementation of the Council Electric Car Pool Scheme for staff

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Slough’s priorities for the coming year are carrying our a feasibility assessment for introducing a Clean Air Zone subject to funding from DEFRA and adopting new low emission standards for taxi licensing.

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Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Meas Implemen Key Target Pollution Estimated Lead Planning ure Measure EU Category EU Classification tation Performance Reduction in Progress to Date Completion Comments Authority Phase No. Phase Indicator the AQMA Date LSTF Smarter Access LSTF Travel for Slough Promoting Travel Workplace Travel fund 1 SBC completed active % mode share N/A programme Ongoing Business Alternatives Planning announce complete Programme ment due

LSTF Smarter LSTF Access fund Travel for Slough Promoting Travel School Travel 2 SBC completed active % mode share N/A programme Ongoing announcem Schools Alternatives Plans complete ent due Programme

LSTF Smarter Access fund Travel for Slough Promoting Travel LSTF programme 3 Other SBC in progress active % mode share N/A Ongoing announcem residents Alternatives complete ent due Programme Marketing and Intensive active Access fund Promotion of Promoting Travel LSTF programme 4 travel campaign & SBC completed active % mode share N/A Ongoing announcem Sustainable travel Alternatives complete infrastructure ent due options in Slough Expanded Transport Year on Year Slough Cycle Hire Public cycle hire Yes – not via 5 Planning and SBC completed active cycle usage increase on Ongoing Scheme scheme quantified community Infrastructure uptake funds East-West Cycle Transport SBC route, including Yes – not Detailed design Summer 6 Planning and Cycle network SBC completed active Cycling counts Capital major junction quantified completed. 2017 Infrastructure Funding improvement Transport Operational – 7 Slough Cycle Hub Planning and Cycle network SBC in progress planned cycle usage N/A Ongoing SBC funded Slough Station Infrastructure Pedestrian Transport S106 8 Wayfinding Planning and Other SBC completed active perception N/A Ongoing Ongoing funding System Infrastructure

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Meas Implemen Key Target Pollution Estimated Lead Planning ure Measure EU Category EU Classification tation Performance Reduction in Progress to Date Completion Comments Authority Phase No. Phase Indicator the AQMA Date Local safety and Further accessibility Transport enhanced 9 schemes to Planning and Cycle network SBC completed active perception N/A ongoing Ongoing by access schools and Infrastructure fund businesses SCOOT UTC, Congestion Traffic Operational and 10 implementation management, SBC completed active Congestion N/A Completed None Management successful (Stoke Road) traffic reduction Includes EV Limit amount of Policy Guidance Air Quality Number of Charger 11 car parking in new and Development Planning and SBC completed active N/A ongoing ongoing spaces provision as developments Control Policy Guidance well Transport assessments for new developments to Part of Policy Guidance Air Quality Low include air quality Planned - Low Neglible Air 12 and Development Planning and SBC N/A Summer 2017 Ongoing Emission impact (Within DRAFT Emission Quality Control Policy Guidance Strategy AQMA) and all Strategy Impacts Major Developments affect Air Quality Securing Drafted Part of developer funding Policy Guidance Air Quality Damage Low 13 for sustainable and Development Planning and SBC £ N/A ongoing ongoing S106 Cost Emission transport Control Policy Guidance Approach Strategy measures Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away from Major signalised UTC, Congestion Traffic cars, Access Part of ITS In junctions linked to 14 management, SBC Congestion N/A Ongoing Management management, strategy progress central control traffic reduction Selective vehicle centre priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane

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Meas Implemen Key Target Pollution Estimated Lead Planning ure Measure EU Category EU Classification tation Performance Reduction in Progress to Date Completion Comments Authority Phase No. Phase Indicator the AQMA Date First Reduction of Reduction of speed Programme Traffic phase Number of 7 zones 15 speed limits, limits, 20mph SBC of 20mph N/A ongoing Management zones Zones operational 20mph zones zones zones completed Ceiling figure on To be long stay car Policy Guidance Air Quality Number of reviewed as 16 parking in town and Development Planning and SBC completed active N/A ongoing ongoing spaces part of new centre (5000 Control Policy Guidance Local Plan spaces) Strategic highway improvements, Re- Town centre Strategic highway prioritising road access restrictions improvements, Next phase of space away from introduced. Bus Re-prioritising bus lanes due Traffic cars, Access Yes – not lanes installed. 17 road space away SBC completed active Bus patronage to be Management management, quantified Bus priorities from cars, Access completed Selective vehicle provided at management, bus 2016/17 priority, bus priority, signalised priority high vehicle junctions occupancy lane Workplace Parking Parking Traffic Levy, Parking 18 Enforcement on SBC completed active Congestion N/A ongoing ongoing Management Enforcement on highway highway Freight formal Reduction in Freight and Freight Partnerships for start emissions of Yes – not dialogue with 19 Delivery SBC active ongoing Partnerships city centre planned freight quantified logistics industry Management deliveries 2015/16 deliveries Major bus Next round operator has of funding to Promoting Low Promoting Low Vehicle Vehicle Fleet Yes – not upgraded vehicle be used for 20 Emission Public Emission Public SBC completed active emission ongoing Efficiency quantified fleet with support retrofit of Transport Transport levels of DfT Green Bus Euro V Fund buses Vehicle working through Driver training and Vehicle Fleet Driver training and 21 SBC active active emission N/A freight and bus ongoing ECO driving aids Efficiency ECO driving aids levels operators increased Promotion of Promoting Travel Promotion of 22 SBC completed active cycling counts N/A promotion through ongoing cycling Alternatives cycling LSTF programme

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Meas Implemen Key Target Pollution Estimated Lead Planning ure Measure EU Category EU Classification tation Performance Reduction in Progress to Date Completion Comments Authority Phase No. Phase Indicator the AQMA Date increased Promotion of Promoting Travel Promotion of 23 SBC completed active walking counts N/A promotion through ongoing walking Alternatives walking LSTF programme phased Transport programme of 24 Cycle network Planning and Cycle network SBC completed active cycling counts N/A cycle route ongoing Infrastructure improvements delivered improved bus frequencies as a Transport Bus route Bus route result of Better 25 Planning and SBC completed active Bus patronage N/A ongoing improvements improvements Bus Area Fund Infrastructure highway improvements Burnham New bus station Public transport Public transport and Langley opened and improvements- Transport improvements- Station integrated with 26 interchanges Planning and interchanges SBC completed active Bus patronage N/A ongoing Access adjacent rail stations and Infrastructure stations and Schemes station services services approved by enhancement LEP increased activity Car & lift sharing Promoting Travel Workplace Travel 27 SBC completed active Car share % N/A through LSTF ongoing schemes Alternatives Planning programme Route Route Management Freight and Management Surveys, dialogue 28 Plans/ Strategic Delivery Plans/ Strategic SBC active planned HGV counts N/A with major trading ongoing routing strategy Management routing strategy for estate operators for HGV's HGV's Procuring Procuring alternative alternative Refuelling Number of EV 10 public EV Refuelling infrastructure to Promoting Low chargers chargers (20 Ev infrastructure to S106/OLEV 29 promote Low Emission SBC completed active N/A chargers) promote Low funding Emission Transport Number of EV Over 2000 EV 2020 Emission Vehicles, Vehicles, EV charge events charge events EV recharging, Gas recharging, Gas fuel recharging fuel recharging

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Meas Implemen Key Target Pollution Estimated Lead Planning ure Measure EU Category EU Classification tation Performance Reduction in Progress to Date Completion Comments Authority Phase No. Phase Indicator the AQMA Date Awaiting Promoting Low Taxi emission Taxi emission Number of Yes - not Application to outcome of 30 Emission SBC active planned Ongoing incentives incentives ULEV Taxis quantified OLEV bid Transport application Public TfS website 31 Public Information via the Internet SBC completed active Internet Hits N/A Ongoing Information active 2025 Compliance all AQMAs (except M4 Policy Guidance NO2 LEVELS Public Low emission Low Emissions AQMA 1 32 and Development SBC active 2017 (annual DEFRA funded 2025 Consultation Strategy Strategy outside direct Control monitoring) 2017 LA control HA led) Significant Intervention Required Public 33 Public Information via leaflets SBC completed active leaflets N/A Issued Ongoing Information Promote use of rail Segro discounted Promote use of Promoting Travel Number of rail 34 and inland SBC completed active N/A rail travel scheme Ongoing rail Alternatives users waterways in place Further work Numbers of subject to Personalise Travel Promoting Travel Personalised LSTF element 35 SBC completed active personalise N/A Ongoing access fund Planning Alternatives Travel Planning complete travel plan announcem ent Encourage / Promoting Travel Facilitate home- Pilot scheme at 36 Home Working Alternatives working SBC active planned % Take up N/A SBC Ongoing S106 Alternatives to funding private vehicle Number of Initial discussions being 37 E car club use Car Clubs SBC planned To start users N/A and LEP bid Ongoing secured Emission based Additional Emissions based Traffic parking or permit Number of spaces to be 38 parking charges Management charges SBC completed active spaces N/A 2 spaces Ongoing secured

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Meas Implemen Key Target Pollution Estimated Lead Planning ure Measure EU Category EU Classification tation Performance Reduction in Progress to Date Completion Comments Authority Phase No. Phase Indicator the AQMA Date Alternatives to Re-submit private vehicle Bus based Park & Number of Subject to bid 39 Bus park and ride use Ride SBC active planned journeys N/A Bid to LEP funding Alternatives to Re-submit rail based park private vehicle Rail based Park & Number of Subject to bid 40 and ride use Ride SBC active planned journeys N/A Bid to LEP funding Report to Promoting Low Number of Taxi Licensing sub- 41 Taxi Licensing Emission SBC active planned ULEV taxi N/A OLEV bid waiting End of 2017 conditions licensing Transport licenses committee Public Public Via the Internet and Number of Over 30 42 AirText Service SBC Completed Active N/A Ongoing Awareness Information text (smart phones subscribers subscribers Campaign Number of electric Successful business miles Trial Trial lead to travelled Public Vehicle April 2017 full launch

Council Electric Promoting Low Procurement - (4 Electric Capital Funding April 2018 Reduction in Programme 43 Pool Car and Bike Emission Prioritising uptake SBC Pool Cars) Planned N/A Secured for EV 12 Electric CO2 (tonnes) run to 2025 Scheme Transport of low emission (4 Electric - cars Pool Cars

vehicles assited 10 Electric Reduction in Bikes) assisted NO2 and PM Pool Bikes (Kg and grames) Company Vehicle Aim is 50 Council – ULEV Promoting Low Procurement - Number of ULEV Launched 3 ULEV company 44 staff company car Emission Prioritising uptake SBC Active ULEV N/A Ongoing company May 2016 cars scheme Transport of low emission Company cars cars by vehicles 2020 Public Vehicle Number of Council – Low Promoting Low Procurement - miles in Low Trial June Dialogue with hire 45 Emission Hire Car Emission Prioritising uptake SBC Planned Emission - N/A Ongoing 2017 car providers Scheme Transport of low emission EURO 6 hire vehicles case Defra Application Promoting Low Successful May Lead to Clean Air Zone Ultra Low Emission Yes – to be for Grant Funding 46 Emission SBC Active Planned feasibility End 2017 policy to Feasibility Study Zone (LEZ) quantified towards CAZ Transport study adopt CAZ feasibility

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 13 Slough Borough Council

2.2 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Work carried out by Public Health England as part of the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) shows that the mortality associated with particulate air pollution in 2014 within Slough Borough Council is 6.2 %. This information is available from the following web link: http://www.phoutcomes.info/search/air#page/1/gid/1/pat/6/par/E12000008/ati/101/are /E06000039/iid/30101/age/230/sex/4

Figure 2-2 shows that the mortality calculated for Slough Borough Council 6 is greater than that calculated for south east England (4.9 %) and England (5.1 %) as a whole. There has been a sustained reduction in PM2.5 between 2010 and 2014 within Slough. The PHOF shows that the mortality associated with particulate air pollution in 2010 within Slough Borough Council is 6.8 % and in 2014 6.2%. PM2.5 concentrations continue to reduce over time. However 2015 has shown a slight increase in PM2.5 concentrations nationwide, although SBC indicative monitors measured lowest PM2.5 concentrations to date in 2015.

Figure 2-2 Fraction of mortality attributed to particulate air pollution in Slough Borough Council

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Slough Borough Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5

 The Council Five Year Plan (2016-2020) has outcomes based on improving children’s and adults health, wellbeing and ability to manage their health through increases in levels of physical activity and hence less dependency on car use (which is very high within Slough). This plan is due to be renewed soon, but health is still a key outcome and the new plan has a measure on improving air quality concentrations. http://www.slough.gov.uk/council/strategies-plans-and-policies/five-year- plan.aspx

 The new Low Emission Strategy (2017-2025) is aimed at enabling and accelerating the uptake of ULEVs through the installation of more EV chargers, setting up of a town centre EV car club, and promoting electric taxis this in turn will reduce NOx and PM emissions.

 The Low Emission Strategy is also aimed at promoting best practice dust controls on construction sites including adoption of Non Road Mobile Machinery Emissions standards; construction machinery above net power rating of 37kW will be required to meet stage IIIA, enforced as a requirement of the planning permission on the development, normally through an s106.

 The Low Emission Strategy also will require planning controls on major Development that all HDVs travelling through the AQMA will be required to meet EURO VI standards.

 The new draft transport strategy (2017) is aimed at supporting the new Local Plan that is being developed for slough and will run to (2036). The strategy is aimed at reducing congestion by significantly increasing modal shift away from dependency on cars in Slough, as well as road widening to enable traffic to flow more smoothly, a new mass rapid transit system on the A4, and future proposals for park and ride scheme and improved cycle infrastructure - see http://www.slough.gov.uk/council/strategies-plans-and-policies/the-emerging- local-plan-for-slough-2016-2036.aspx

 The Slough Wellbeing Board leads on promoting a healthier Slough and have developed the Slough Wellbeing Strategy (2016 – 2020) there are a number of strategic aims; including improving health and wellbeing and reducing gaps in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 15 Slough Borough Council

life expectancy. The Health and Adult Social Care Priority Delivery Group (PDG) supports the Slough Wellbeing Board. The Low Emission Strategy has been presented to the PDG to raise awareness of the impact on poor air quality on public health and we will report to the group on progress made with the Low Emission Strategy. Public health colleagues will raise the awareness of the harm of air pollution on human health. http://www.slough.gov.uk/council/strategies-plans-and-policies/slough- wellbeing-board.aspx

 The Council has signed up to the Airtext Service which is a free app subscription service that provides Members of the Public text alerts on pollution episodes, excess cold and hot weather, including useful health advice and precautions to take when air pollution levels are high including

PM2.5 http://www.airtext.info/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 16 Slough Borough Council

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives. Slough Borough Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at five sites during 2015:

 Salt Hill (Slough-town-centre, A4) SLH 4

 Slough-Colnbrook-(Pippins) SLH 3 & SLH6

 Slough-Chalvey, M4 SLH 7

 Slough-Colnbrook (Lakeside, Tan House Farm) SLH 5

 TRL temporary monitoring station (Salt Hill Drive/Farnham Road)

There is additional site at Slough-Lakeside-2 (SLH 8 and SLH9) run by Lakeside Energy from Waste whose results are reported by Slough Borough Council. Slough Chalvey is located within AQMA 1 M4 and TRL is located within AQMA 3. Three new air quality monitoring stations will be installed within AQMA 2, AQMA 3 and AQMA 4 during 2017.

Table A.1 in Appendix A shows details of the automatic monitoring sites. Monitoring results are available through both the Slough Borough Air Quality1 and England Air2 websites, except for TRL site which is not linked to the sloughair website.

NB. Local authorities do not have to report annually on the following pollutants: 1, 3 butadiene, benzene, carbon monoxide and lead, unless local circumstances indicate there is a problem. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in

1 http://sloughair.aeat.com/ 2 http://www.airqualityengland.co.uk/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 17 Slough Borough Council

Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Slough Borough Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at forty two sites (four of which measured using tubes in triplicate) during 2015. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A and Figure 3-1 compares the automatic monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Figure 3-1 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured at automatic monitoring stations from 2011 to 2015 (does not include TRL site)

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Figure 3-2 to Figure 3-5 shows in a graphical format the annual average nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube at each of the forty two sites from 2011 to 2015. Also marked on each figure is whether the site is located within an AQMA (Y/N). Only Lakeside Road, Ditton Road and Windsor Road N1 are not located in an AQMA but exceed the annual objective concentration (Section 3.2.2 shows that when drop-off of pollution away from the kerbside is taken into account the latter two sites are below the annual objective concentration). The data can also be seen in Table A.3 in Appendix 3. The full 2015 dataset of monthly diffusion tube values is provided in Appendix B.

Figure 3-2 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 5 to 14) in Table A.3

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Figure 3-3 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 15 to 24) in Table A.3

Figure 3-4 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 25 to 34) in Table A.3

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Figure 3-5 Nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by diffusion tube in Slough from 2011 to 2015 (Rows 35 to 46) in Table A.3

A summary of changes in nitrogen dioxide concentrations within each of the Air Quality Management Areas is provided in Table 3-1. The average change was calculated by estimating the line of best fit through the concentrations and dividing through by the number of monitoring years (the most recent four or five years). Within Table 3-1 the changes are ranked by the largest decreases. While it recognised that five (or even four years) is relatively short time for a trend analysis, and inter-year variability will exist, average decreases of more than 1.5 µg m-3 per year can be seen within the following AQMAs:

AQMA 1: Chalvey, M4 and at Grampian Way.

AQMA 2: Brands Hill (B) and London Rd (C).

AQMA 4: Yew Tree Road (Uxbridge Road).

There are only two monitoring stations within AQMA 3 and the change in concentration over time at these sites is much less discernible. The overall average decrease across all the AQMA sites is 0.9 µg m-3. Two sites showed a slight increase within AQMA 2: London Road (B) and Rogan (Colnbrook-by-pass)

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Table 3-1 Average change in nitrogen dioxide within each Air Quality Management Area Average change1 in nitrogen Number of dioxide concentration over AQMA Site Name years of last four or five years, monitoring µg m-3 year-1 1 Slough Chalvey, M4 (Automatic) 5 -1.6 1 Grampian Way 5 -1.5 1 Winvale 5 -1.2 1 Spackmans Way 5 -1.1 1 Torridge Road 5 -0.9 1 Tweed Road 5 -0.6 1 Chalvey (CAS) 5 -0.3 1 Paxton Avenue 5 0.0

2 Brands Hill (B) 4 -2.2 2 London Rd (C ) 4 -1.9 2 Brands Hill (A) 5 -1.1 2 London Rd (A) 5 -0.4 2 London Rd (B) 4 0.2 2 Rogans (Colnbrook by pass) 5 0.5

3 Tuns Lane 5 -0.4 3 Farnham Road (2) 5 -0.2

Yew Tree Road (Uxbridge Rd; 4 Site 29) 5 -3.2 4 Lansdowne Avenue 5 -1.4 4 Wellesley Road 5 -1.3 4 Wellington Street –Stratfield 5 -1.1 4 Yew Tree Rd (Ux Rd) (B) 4 -1.1 4 Princess Street 5 -1.0 4 Blair Road- Victoria Court 5 -0.8 4 Wexham Road 5 -0.7 Note: a negative value indicates a decrease in concentration

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3.2.2 Fall off of nitrogen dioxide concentration away from the kerb

Those sites where the nitrogen dioxide concentrations were equal to or greater than 40 µg m-3 and measuring at locations of relevant exposure are shown in Table 3-2. 3 However, when corrected for fall-off of NO2 concentration away from the kerb the annual objective concentration is met at Ditton Road and Windsor Road.

Table 3-2 Distance corrected NO2 concentrations for sites which measure above 40 µg m-3 in 2015

Distance Distance to to kerb Distance Relevant of Measured correction Site ID Site Name AQMA Exposure nearest concentration, -3 concentration, from tube road µg m -3 µg m (m) (1) from tube (m) Blair Road 37 4 18 13 43 41 Victoria Court 18 Brands Hill (A) 2 8 3 61 53 34-36 Chalvey (CAS) 1 30 45 41 45 Cornwall House, 46 4 0 10 41 41 Bath Rd 19 Ditton Road 1 50 35 41 36 10 London Rd (C) 2 0 10 48 48 Princess House, 47 4 0 5 41 41 Bath Road Tuns Station, 48-50 3 0 10 46 46 Farnham Rd 40 Wexham Road 4 3 3 42 40 21 Windsor Road 1N N 15 4 45 39 22 Winvale 1 10 20 43 48 Yew Tree Road 29 4 0 5 41 41 (Uxbridge Rd) Note, the measured concentration at Slough Colnbrook (Pippins) (28.6 µg m-3) was used to represent the background NO2 concentration within the drop-off spreadsheet tool (1) means tube is located on the residential facade

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200 µg m-3,

3 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/NO 2withDistancefromRoadsCalculatorIssue 4.xls http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/tools-monitoring-data/no2-falloff.html

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 23 Slough Borough Council not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. There were no exceedances of the 200 µg m-3 objective in 2015 at any of the automatic monitoring sites.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3 and compared with the air quality objective of 40µg m-3 in Figure 3-6. Since 2012, the measured annual mean concentrations have remained consistently more than 15 µg m-3 below the annual mean objective concentration.

Figure 3-6 PM10 concentrations measured within Slough Borough Council from 2011 to 2015

Table 3-3 summarises the change in PM10 concentrations over the five year period 2011 to 2015. As before for nitrogen dioxide, the average change was calculated by estimating the line of best fit through the concentrations and dividing through by the number of monitoring years. The largest decrease, 2.9 µg m-3 year-1, was observed at Slough Lakeside 2, which may in part be due to the relatively high concentration measured in 2011 (30.3 µg m-3). The change at both Salt Hill and Colnbrook (Pippins) were both 0.8 µg m-3 year-1 while there was no discernible change at Slough Colnbrook (Lakeside 1, Tan House Farm).

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Table 3-3 Average change in PM10 at each monitoring station Average change1 in PM Number of 10 concentration from 2011 AQMA Site Name years of to 2015, monitoring µg m-3 year-1 N Salt Hill (Slough town centre, A4) 5 -0.8 N Slough Colnbrook (Pippins) 5 -0.8 Slough Colnbrook (Lakeside 1, N Tan House Farm) 5 -0.1 N Slough Lakeside 2 5 -2.9 Note: a negative value indicates a decrease in concentration

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50 µg m-3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year.

3.2.4 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Table A.7 in Appendix A presents the monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years. These data, along with other data collected since 2005, are presented in graphical form in Figure 3-7.

Figure 3-7 PM2.5 concentrations measured within Slough Borough Council from 2005 to 2015

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Concentrations measured in 2015 were amongst the lowest since monitoring began in 2005. However, the OSIRIS4 instrument has not been demonstrated to be equivalent to the reference method for PM2.5 and the results should be considered with some caution.

4 The Osiris instrument gives a continuous indication of PM2.5 concentration by using a light scattering technique to determine the concentration of airborne dust in a given particle size range

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Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Distanc Distance e to Y OS to Inlet X OS Pollutants In Monitoring kerb of Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Relevant Height Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? Technique nearest Ref Exposure (m) road (m) (1) (m) (2)

Salt Hill (Slough- Intermediate NOx, NO and Chemiluminescence 10m SLH 4 496599 180156 2 No 7.5m 4m town-centre, A4) (Residential) PM10 TEOM from A4

Urban NOx, NO , SLH 3 & Slough-Colnbrook- 2 Chemiluminescence Background 503542 176827 PM , PM & No 50m 50m 4m SLH6 (Pippins) 10 2.5 TEOM and Osiris (Residential) PM1

Intermediate- Yes (M4 45m from SLH 7 Slough-Chalvey, M4 Motorway 496562 179109 NOx and NO Chemiluminescence 30m 1.5m 2 AQMA1) M4 (Residential)

Slough-Colnbrook Urban PM , PM & SLH 5 (Lakeside, Tan 503551 177258 10 2.5 No Osiris >200m >50m 10m Background PM House Farm) 1

Slough-Lakeside-2 Chemiluminescence SLH 8 (run by Lakeside Urban NOx, NO and BAM (PM ) Co-located and 503569 177385 2 No 10 >200m 10m 4m Energy from Waste Background PM Osiris (PM , PM and SLH9 10 10 2.5 Ltd) PM1)

Intermediate TRL Farnham Road 496392 180344 NOx and NO2 Yes Chemiluminescence 10m 10m 1.5m (Residential) (AQMA3)

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(1) Distance of the nearest residential receptor to the strategic road network

(2) Distance of the automatic monitoring stations to the strategic road network

Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance to Distance Tube Relevant X OS Y OS to kerb of collocated Site Pollutants In Exposure to Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid nearest with a ID Monitored AQMA? road/rail (m) (m) Ref Ref (1) strategic Continuous road (m) (2) Analyser?

Blair Road Victoria 37 Roadside 497105 180081 NO2 Y 18 13 N 2 Court 18 Brands Hill (A) Roadside 501798 177659 NO2 Y 5 3 N 2.5 32 Brands Hill (B) Roadside 501853 177620 NO2 Y 0 8 N 2 Other 34-36 Chalvey (CAS) 496562 179109 NO2 Y 30 45 Y 1.5 (motorway) 7 Colnbrook By-pass Roadside 503196 177349 NO2 N N/A 5 N 2 Cornwall House, 46 Intermediate 497467 179971 NO2 Y 0 10 N 2 Bath Rd 19 Ditton Road Roadside 500851 177890 NO2 N 50 35 N 2 13 Elbow Meadows Suburban 503856 176538 NO2 N 13 1 N 2 31 Essex Avenue Roadside 496200 181900 NO2 N 5 1.5 N 2 30 Farnham Road (2) Roadside 496397 180341 NO2 Y 10 10 N 2 Goodman Park (Ux 44 Roadside 498961 180113 NO2 N 20 5 N 2.5 Rd) Other 8 Grampian Way 501382 178101 NO2 Y 40 50 N 2 (motorway)

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Distance to Distance Tube Relevant X OS Y OS to kerb of collocated Site Pollutants In Exposure to Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid nearest with a ID Monitored AQMA? road/rail (m) (m) Ref Ref (1) strategic Continuous road (m) (2) Analyser?

Urban 20 Hencroft Street 6N 497925 179450 NO2 N 5 >100m N 2 Background Horton Road Urban 17 503136 175654 NO2 N 30 15 N 2 (Caravan Park) background 27 India Road Other (rail) 498681 179972 NO2 N 15 (rail) >50m N 2 12 Lakeside Road Other (industrial) 503877 177459 NO2 N >200m >100m N 2 Lansdowne 4 Roadside 497188 180050 NO2 Y 15 10 N 2.5 Avenue 39 London Rd (A) Roadside 501733 177725 NO2 Y 5 3 N 2.5 45 London Rd (B) Roadside 501734 177733 NO2 Y 0 10 N 2 10 London Rd (C) Roadside 501658 177781 NO2 Y 0 10 N 2 Other 25 Paxton Avenue 496050 179258 NO2 Y 0 40 N 2 (motorway) Urban 14-16 Pippins 503542 176827 NO2 N 10 >50m N 2.5 background Princess House, 47 k/I 497326 180003 NO2 Y 0 5 N 2 Bath Road 5 Princess Street Roadside 498541 179815 NO2 Y 5 17 N 2 Rogans (Colnbrook 28 Roadside 501941 177633 NO2 Y 0 5 N 2.5 bypass) 1-3 Salt Hill Roadside 496599 180156 NO2 N 7.5 10 N 2.5 Railway 41 Sandringham Court Other (rail) 493960 181355 NO2 N 20 N 2.5 exposure

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 29 Slough Borough Council

Distance to Distance Tube Relevant X OS Y OS to kerb of collocated Site Pollutants In Exposure to Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid nearest with a ID Monitored AQMA? road/rail (m) (m) Ref Ref (1) strategic Continuous road (m) (2) Analyser?

Other 24 Spackmans Way 496272 179187 NO2 Y 25 40 N 2.5 (motorway) 6 Sussex Place Roadside 498784 179560 NO2 N 10 5 N 2 Other 11 Torridge Road 501637 177999 NO2 Y 50 95 N 3 (motorway) 23 Tuns Lane Roadside 496416 180126 NO2 Y 0 15 N 2.2 Tuns Station, 48-50 Intermediate 496392 180344 NO2 Y 0 10 N 1.5 Farnham Rd 9 Tweed Road Roadside 501518 177882 NO2 Y 6 15 N 2 Railway 42 Walpole Rd Other (rail) 493493 181378 NO2 N 15 N 2.5 exposure 38 Wellesley Road Roadside 498071 179949 NO2 Y 3 12 N 2.5 Wellington Street - 33 Roadside 498168 179907 NO2 Y 21 13 N 2.5 Stratfield 40 Wexham Road Roadside 498394 179849 NO2 Y 0 10 N 2 43 Windmill (Bath Rd) Roadside 496533 180175 NO2 Y 0 5 N 2 21 Windsor Road 1N Roadside 497557 179825 NO2 N 15 4 N 2.5 Other 22 Winvale 497488 179090 NO2 Y 10 20 N 2 (motorway) Yew Tree Rd (Ux 26 Roadside 498473 179706 NO2 Y 8 3 N 2 Rd) (B) Yew Tree Road 29 Roadside 498483 179707 NO2 Y 0 5 N 2 (Uxbridge Rd)

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(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.

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Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Valid Data Data Monitoring Capture for Site ID Site Name Site Type Capture NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Type Monitoring 2 2015 Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Salt Hill (Slough town Intermediate SLH 4 Automatic 99 99 35.2 37.0 35.9 35.5 30.3 centre, A4) (Residential) Urban SLH 3 & Slough Colnbrook (Pippins) Background Automatic 95 95 30.1 29.0 29.8 30.7 28.6 SLH6 (Residential) Urban SLH 7 Slough Chalvey, M4 Automatic 93 93 44.2 39.0 37.7 34.0* 36.9 Background SLH 8 Urban and Slough Lakeside 2 Automatic 92 92 34.8 31.0 32.5 33.9 29.2 Background SLH9 Intermediate TRL Farnham Road Automatic 99.7 92 - - - - 33.2 (Residential) 1-3 Salt Hill Roadside DT 100 100 36.0 36.2 34.3 33.7 35.6 4 Lansdowne Avenue Roadside DT 100 100 45.5 43.3 41.5 40.0 38.4 5 Princess Street Roadside DT 100 100 45.8 44.8 43.0 43.5 40.3 6 Sussex Place Roadside DT 92 92 35.6 35.8 35.8 32.5 34.1 7 Colnbrook By-pass Roadside DT 100 100 39.2 42.1 41.6 39.0 39.1 Other 8 Grampian Way DT 100 100 48.1 45.1 43.3 42.4 40.0 (motorway) 9 Tweed Road Roadside DT 100 100 38.1 42.0 43.7 39.0 35.6 10 London Rd (A) Roadside DT 100 100 49.0 54.8 55.9 51.2 48.3

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Valid Valid Data Data Monitoring Capture for Site ID Site Name Site Type Capture NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Type Monitoring 2 2015 Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Other 11 Torridge Road DT 100 100 41.2 39.5 43.3 36.3 36.9 (motorway) Other 12 Lakeside Road DT 100 100 43.4 45.5 45.6 45.4 42.9 (industrial) 13 Elbow Meadows Suburban DT 100 100 35.7 36.2 38.2 37.9 34.9 Urban 14-16 Pippins DT 94 94 29.0 30.0 31.5 30.3 29.9 background Horton Road (Caravan Urban 17 DT 100 100 32.2 37.1 39.0 33.4 30.0 Park) background 18 Brands Hill (A) Roadside DT 100 100 61.2 66.7 65.8 53.1 61.1 19 Ditton Road Roadside DT 92 92 40.5 41.0 37.2 38.8 41.1 20 Hencroft Street 6N Suburban DT 100 100 30.6 32.2 31.8 29.0 27.9 21 Windsor Road 1N Roadside DT 92 92 45.2 37.4 38.4 34.5 44.6 Other 22 Winvale DT 100 100 46.9 48.3 44.5 42.3 42.7 (motorway) 23 Tuns Lane Roadside DT 92 92 36.6 40.4 40.7 36.4 36.1 Other 24 Spackmans Way DT 100 100 44.0 43.4 43.6 39.7 38.8 (motorway) Other 25 Paxton Avenue DT 100 100 38.9 47.5 42.1 41.4 41.9 (motorway) 26 Yew Tree Rd (Ux Rd) (B) Roadside DT 100 100 - 63.0 62.3 54.6 60.8 27 India Road Other (rail) DT 100 100 32.9 35.3 35.2 34.3 31.4 Rogans (Colnbrook by 28 Roadside DT 100 100 51.1 55.4 56.4 50.9 56.3 pass) Yew Tree Road (Uxbridge 29 Roadside DT 100 100 56.1 45.1 41.9 36.6 40.5 Rd)

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Valid Valid Data Data Monitoring Capture for Site ID Site Name Site Type Capture NO Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3) Type Monitoring 2 2015 Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 30 Farnham Road (2) Roadside DT 75 75 38.9 40.8 41.7 35.7 40.4 31 Essex Avenue Roadside DT 100 100 33.8 34.7 35.7 32.1 30.1 32 Brands Hill (B) Roadside DT 100 100 - 49.1 44.9 42.1 40.1 Wellington Street – 33 Roadside DT 100 100 35.7 45.3 38.5 34.9 34.0 Stratfield Other 34-36 Chalvey (CAS) DT 92 92 41.1 40.8 38.0 37.6 41.0 (motorway) 37 Blair Road- Victoria Court Roadside DT 100 100 46.1 50.4 47.3 46.0 43.4 38 Wellesley Road Roadside DT 100 100 39.0 41.9 41.5 34.2 34.5 39 London Rd (B) Roadside DT 100 100 - 36.6 37.8 38.6 37.1 40 Wexham Road Roadside DT 92 92 44.5 51.7 48.0 47.1 42.1 41 Sandringham Court Other (rail) DT 75 75 - 32.2 27.9 28.1 32.3 42 Walpole Rd Other (rail) DT 83 83 - 31.1 29.0 28.4 24.9 43 Windmill (Bath Rd) Roadside DT 100 100 - 43.7 44.5 41.2 39.5 44 Goodman Park (Ux Rd) Roadside DT 83 83 - 37.8 34.2 34.2 38.7 45 London Rd (C ) Roadside DT 100 100 - 42.0 37.2 36.6 33.5 46 Cornwall House, Bath Rd Roadside DT 50 50 - - - - 41.5 Princess House, Bath Roadside DT 67 67 - - - - 40.5 47 Road 48-50 Tuns Station, Farnham Rd Intermediate DT 58 58 - - - - 45.8 3 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 34 Slough Borough Council

(3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Capture for Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Capture Monitoring 2015 (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period (%) (1) Salt Hill (Slough Intermediate Automatic 99 99 0 0 0 0 0 (101) town centre, A4) (Residential) Slough Urban Colnbrook Background( Automatic 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 (111) (Pippins) Residential) Slough Chalvey, Urban Automatic 93 93 0 2 0 0 0 (117) M4 Background Slough Lakeside Urban Automatic 92 92 0 0 0 0 0 (109) 2 Background Intermediate TRL Site Automatic 99.7 92 - - - - 0 (residential)

3 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

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Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Valid Data Valid PM10 Annual Mean Concentration, (ug/m3) Capture for Data Site Monitoring Site ID Site Name Monitoring Capture Type Type Period (%) 2015 (%) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (1) (2) Salt Hill (Slough town SLH4 I Automatic 98 98 22.3* 22.0* 22.0* 19.2* 19.0 centre, A4) Slough Colnbrook SLH3 UB Automatic 89 89 20.1* 21.0* 20.0* 17.7* 16.7 (Pippins) Slough Colnbrook SLH5 (Lakeside 1, Tan UB Automatic 90 90 19.9# 18.0# 13.0# 19.3# 18.7 House Farm) SLH8 Slough Lakeside 2 UB Automatic 96 96 30.3 20.0 20.0 16.2 13.9

3 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16; valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

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Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results Valid Data Capture Valid Data 3 (3) Site PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2015 ID Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Salt Hill SLH4 (Slough town I 98 98 0 0* 7* 0* 4 centre, A4) Slough SLH3 Colnbrook UB 89 89 0 0* 13* 1* 3 (Pippins) Slough Colnbrook SLH5 (Lakeside 1, UB 90 90 1 36# 8# 1# 0 Tan House Farm) Slough SLH8 UB 96 96 4 37 14 8 1 Lakeside 2

3 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

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Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

3 (3) Valid Data Capture Valid Data PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Site Name Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2015 Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Slough Colnbrook SLH6 Urban Background 100 100 10.9 8.9 9.4 7.2 7.0 Osiris Slough Lakeside 1 SLH5 Urban Background 100 100 12.3 10.3 7.5 8.6 7.1 Osiris Slough Lakeside 2 SLH9 Urban Background 100 100 10.0 7.7 9.9 7.3 5.2 Osiris (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16; valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

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Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2015 -3 Site NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg m ) ID Annual Mean Site Name Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) 1 Salt Hill * 43.9 36.3 29.4 33.3 28.2 23.5 32.8 37.0 33.0 39.8 39.7 42.6 35.0 31.8 2 Salt Hill * 45.0 46.0 38.1 28.5 30.0 21.6 31.7 35.4 36.6 38.7 36.2 41.2 35.8 32.5 3 Salt Hill * 44.3 42.1 36.2 32.7 30.7 28.1 35.5 29.4 32.7 39.6 41.3 41.2 36.2 32.9 4 Lansdowne Avenue 53.7 47.2 43.1 40.9 37.2 35.1 36.1 38.5 42.5 45.7 43.5 42.4 42.2 38.4 5 Princess Street 57.8 55.0 47.7 43.7 3.6 37.9 42.3 35.9 47.0 53.7 51.5 55.7 44.3 40.3 6 Sussex Place 49.2 50.2 36.6 35.0 30.6 29.1 32.0 38.4 41.6 31.5 38.2 37.5 34.1 7 Colnbrook By-pass. Moved slightly 56.3 51.6 45.1 45.5 30.3 32.1 38.4 43.4 48.1 43.2 38.5 43.2 43.0 39.1 8 Grampian Way 55.0 56.2 42.9 27.8 33.4 28.9 39.7 41.7 34.3 45.8 58.1 63.1 43.9 40.0 9 Tweed Road (B) Moved 2012 49.7 55.7 43.3 28.9 28.1 39.0 37.9 40.7 23.2 45.8 38.8 38.1 39.1 35.6 10 London Road - moved slightly 66.5 58.6 59.4 60.8 41.9 48.3 47.6 46.9 51.6 71.7 44.8 39.2 53.1 48.3 11 Torridge Road 48.0 49.4 49.7 42.6 35.5 33.6 30.5 36.0 46.1 54.9 29.1 30.9 40.5 36.9 12 Lakeside Road * 51.3 49.2 40.9 43.4 39.8 43.4 41.5 48.7 51.3 57.3 48.2 51.1 47.2 42.9 13 Elbow Meadows 43.4 46.9 40.8 44.9 29.3 23.0 25.9 38.9 41.6 50.0 35.2 40.3 38.4 34.9 14 Pippins * 36.8 26.2 34.2 23.1 15.9 21.3 18.8 32.6 41.4 24.3 27.5 25.0 15 Pippins * 34.1 38.1 35.7 41.2 21.1 21.8 21.5 24.8 31.5 42.0 29.2 35.0 31.3 28.5 16 Pippins * 37.6 37.1 31.9 33.2 23.8 17.3 20.6 30.7 35.8 35.7 30.0 30.6 30.4 27.6 17 Horton Road (Caravan Park) 39.1 45.3 40.2 35.1 18.7 17.3 23.3 28.0 41.3 43.5 31.3 32.4 33.0 30.0 18 Brands Hill 72.1 74.5 72.2 78.2 64.8 46.2 55.2 55.5 73.4 81.5 66.5 66.1 67.2 61.1 19 Ditton Road 47.9 48.8 42.7 46.8 32.3 24.7 37.2 44.6 46.1 45.3 81.0 45.2 41.1 20 Hencroft Street * 6N 41.9 37.7 34.8 27.8 24.4 20.7 20.1 24.6 34.2 38.0 31.6 32.1 30.7 27.9 21 Windsor Road * 1N 62.3 51.1 44.3 41.3 36.7 46.5 40.5 50.7 57.3 57.7 50.9 49.0 44.6 22 Winvale 64.6 61.4 49.1 42.5 37.2 26.9 46.9 46.9 37.3 41.0 51.8 57.5 46.9 42.7 23 Tuns Lane 46.5 45.8 40.2 40.7 30.3 31.1 37.1 44.7 49.2 36.1 34.7 39.7 36.1 24 Spackmans Way 57.1 42.1 45.9 42.2 31.0 32.3 38.9 41.6 40.9 48.0 49.7 41.9 42.6 38.8

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-3 Site NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg m ) ID Annual Mean Site Name Bias Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Adjusted Data (1) 25 Paxton Avenue 47.2 73.0 45.7 40.8 34.0 31.9 40.0 43.0 44.5 46.4 50.9 54.7 46.0 41.9 26 Yew Tree Rd (Ux Rd) (B) 76.1 81.1 65.2 67.0 55.4 58.2 55.2 59.7 76.4 81.6 69.4 56.8 66.8 60.8 27 India Road 40.4 41.6 34.2 41.8 29.9 19.2 27.9 29.9 36.4 41.2 34.0 37.4 34.5 31.4 28 Rogans (Colnbrook by pass) 94.1 79.1 85.6 67.5 65.7 39.9 45.4 53.5 62.8 57.6 48.7 42.4 61.9 56.3 29 Yew Tree Road (Uxbridge Rd) 46.1 51.8 49.7 56.8 36.9 36.2 36.0 40.7 48.0 48.7 43.6 39.7 44.5 40.5 30 Farnham Road (2) 51.3 49.8 37.5 33.4 41.8 41.8 45.2 46.9 52.2 44.4 40.4 31 Essex Avenue 41.7 41.9 37.9 21.4 24.4 18.3 26.7 30.4 36.8 37.1 39.2 40.8 33.1 30.1 32 Brands Hill (B) 50.1 47.9 48.9 55.4 40.2 38.7 31.8 37.3 52.3 59.0 36.4 30.8 44.1 40.1 33 Wellington Street - Stratfield 49.1 41.5 40.5 32.3 25.4 26.1 32.3 33.5 44.4 46.4 40.7 36.6 37.4 34.0 34 Chalvey (CAS) * 51.3 52.0 44.9 36.3 37.4 34.6 39.1 43.8 35.3 39.3 48.0 42.0 38.2 35 Chalvey (CAS) * 44.5 43.6 40.7 42.4 36.2 31.7 38.3 39.6 37.2 44.4 39.2 39.8 36.2 36 Chalvey (CAS) * 43.8 47.1 40.5 37.5 40.8 30.6 38.9 39.0 40.6 48.6 45.8 41.2 37.5 37 Blair Road- Victoria Court 47.9 55.3 51.0 50.3 38.5 31.2 39.2 45.1 52.6 54.0 57.9 48.8 47.7 43.4 38 Wellesley Road 42.5 32.7 44.3 31.7 31.0 27.0 27.6 39.6 46.1 47.6 43.9 41.5 38.0 34.5 39 London Rd (B) 47.8 48.1 42.3 37.9 34.7 30.6 34.2 40.5 52.3 50.4 37.1 33.3 40.8 37.1 40 Wexham Road 61.2 31.1 48.6 38.9 41.8 33.9 46.6 55.7 56.3 44.9 50.4 46.3 42.1 41 Sandringham Court 36.7 40.8 33.6 31.3 33.8 37.9 35.2 36.5 33.9 35.5 32.3 42 Walpole Rd 34.3 36.0 31.2 31.3 22.9 21.0 20.7 26.5 24.1 25.4 27.3 24.9 43 Windmill (Bath Rd) 52.4 48.7 43.1 44.1 39.1 36.6 39.5 39.5 50.0 55.5 37.5 35.0 43.4 39.5 44 Goodman Park (Ux Rd) 54.5 54.6 45.2 42.4 29.4 21.4 40.0 38.7 50.9 48.0 42.5 38.7 45 London Rd (C ) 43.6 44.7 41.8 41.5 31.1 26.3 31.7 33.6 41.5 47.8 28.3 30.5 36.9 33.5 46 Cornwall House, Bath Rd 54.5 49.1 41.1 40.1 45.2 43.6 45.6 41.5 47 Princess House, Bath Road 55.3 54.9 47.6 39.9 34.6 38.5 39.6 46.0 44.6 40.5 48 Tuns Station, Farnham Rd 39.7 30.8 40.9 41.0 46.2 38.6 39.5 36.0 49 Tuns Station, Farnham Rd 49.1 29.7 46.0 48.3 61.4 33.4 38.0 43.7 39.8 50 Tuns Station, Farnham Rd 53.1 30.7 54.4 54.9 59.7 54.7 50.6 59.6 52.2 47.5 (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment

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Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC The bias correction factor (0.91) was derived from the average of the three local collation studies: Chalvey = 0.91, see Figure Appendix C.1; Colnbrook = 0.97, Figure Appendix C.2 and Salthill = 0.85, Figure Appendix C.3). The average value from the three collation studies was higher than the value obtained from the National Database of diffusion tube bias factors5 (0.79, Figure Appendix C.4). The local co-location factor was chosen because it represents a more realistic representation the over reading of nitrogen dioxide concentration by diffusion tube samplers in Slough Borough Council.

Figure Appendix C.1: Chalvey 2015

5 The diffusion tubes deployed by the Slough Borough Council’s are supplied and analysed by ESG using a preparation mixture of 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in acetone

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Figure Appendix C.2: Colnbrook 2015

Figure Appendix C.3: Salthill 2015

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Figure Appendix C.4: National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet

PM Monitoring Adjustment Daily mean TEOM measurements were adjusted to account for the volatile fraction of particulate matter using data download from the Kings College VCM Portal Website. Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment A short to long term data adjustment was not necessary as the data capture was at least 75% for all sites

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QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring Slough Borough Council’s automatic sites are part of the National Automatic Monitoring Calibration Club, whereby monitoring data are managed to the same procedures and standards as AURN sites by Ricardo Energy and Environment.

QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring 6 ESG participate in the AIR NO2 Proficiency Testing Scheme and 100% of results submitted during the period January to December 2015 were determined to be satisfactory based upon a z-score of < ± 2.

6 http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-AIR-PT-Rounds-4-15-(October-2014-August-2016)- NO2-report.pdf

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Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations including proposed automatic monitoring sites 2017

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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective7 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

7 3 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m ).

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Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’ AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

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