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Slough Borough Council 2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management January 2017 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Slough Borough Council Local Authority Jason Newman Officer Planning and Building Control Services – Department Environmental Quality Team Slough Borough Council St Martin Place Address 51 Bath Road Slough SL1 3UF Telephone 01753 875219 E-mail [email protected] Report Reference ED62398120 number Date January 2017 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 Slough Borough Council Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air pollution levels within Slough remain a significant environmental and public health concern and the Council is working hard to improve air pollution, and to comply with national air quality objectives, in the shortest possible time. Good air quality is not only important to improving health outcomes of our residents, but also for enhancing the natural and built environment and for attracting residents, visitors and businesses to Slough. Air Quality in Slough Borough Council Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1, 2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3. Sources of Poor Air Quality The principal source of poor air quality within Slough, relates to road traffic emissions, but local construction activities, diesel trains operating on the Great Western Mainline, the town centre bus station, local industrial processes, larger combustion processes (EfW), and back-up diesel generators (data centres), as well as transboundary pollutants (e.g. pollutants outside Slough) also contribute to the background pollution levels. 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 Annual Status Report 2016 i Slough Borough Council Detailed air quality modelling and source apportionment (e.g. what vehicles are mostly responsible for air pollution) was commissioned in 2015 to assist with the development of the Councils low emission strategy (the modelling used 2014 air quality data, road traffic data and Heathrow weather data). The modelling determined that local road traffic contributes around 50% towards NO2 concentrations at relevant receptors (those modelled within the AQMAs and surrounding area). The remainder is due to background levels that prevail in the area. Light passenger diesel cars are the main source of air pollution in the Borough accounting for between (7% and 30% of total NO2 concentrations. Heavy duty vehicles; artic and rigid HGVs and buses also contribute significantly to poor air quality in the Brands Hill Area of the Borough. Air Quality Monitoring and Future monitoring proposals The Council has monitored air quality for over 20 years and operates continuous air quality monitoring stations at four locations; 3 monitoring stations monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations; 2 monitoring stations monitor particulates (PM10) concentrations, using established reference methods. The Council also operates 2 indicative particulate monitors these measure (PM2.5) and (PM1.0). Additionally, the Council has access to air quality data (NO2), (PM10) and (PM2.5) from a monitoring station operated by the Lakeside from Energy from Waste plant in Colnbrook. Access to real-time and historic monitoring data can be found on the following hyperlink http://sloughair.aeat.com/. The Council also hired a temporary air quality monitoring station from TRL and installed this on the corner of Salt Hill Drive opposite Farnham Road within AQMA 3 in January 2015 the station has since been decommissioned in early 2017. The Council also operates a comprehensive (non-automatic) passive diffusion network of 50 diffusion tubes across 42 sites. The diffusion tubes monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. These tubes are collected on a 4 or 5 weekly basis and analysed at a UKAS accredited laboratory. Annual Status Report 2016 ii Slough Borough Council The Council plans to upgrade its continuous air quality monitoring network in 2017, installing three new air quality monitoring stations within three of its Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs). These stations will monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations; and two of them will monitor (PM10) concentrations. The Council has also expanded its diffusion tube network in late 2016 to cover Langley village and the surrounding area, adding a further 5 monitoring sites. Air Quality Management Areas Air Quality Management Areas are defined geographical areas where air pollution levels are, or are likely to, exceed national air quality objectives at relevant locations (where the public maybe exposed to harmful air pollution over a period of time e.g. residential homes, schools etc.). Four Air Quality Management Areas have been declared due to breaches of the annual mean concentrations for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which is 40 µg/m3. Details of the AQMAs can be found on https://www.slough.gov.uk/pests-pollution-and-food-hygiene/air-quality-reports.aspx. and more detailed maps can be found on the Defra Website https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/maps. In summary the AQMAs are defined as: AQMA1: including land adjacent to the M4 along the north carriageway (junctions 5- 7) and south carriageway (junction 5 – Brands Hill) up to a distance of approximately 100m from the central carriageway. AQMA 2: incorporates A4 London Road east of junction 5 M4, 300m past Sutton Lane along the Colnbrook by- pass and covers the entire gyratory system on A4 and both side of the A4 carriageway. AQMA 3: incorporates the A355 Tuns Lane from junction 6 of the M4 motorway in a northerly direction to just past its junction with the A4 Bath Road approximately 200m north along A355 Farnham Road, the area is known as the "Three Tuns". AQMA 4: incorporates the A4 Bath Road from the junction with Ledgers Road/Stoke Poges Lane, in an easterly direction, along Wellington Street, up to the Sussex Place junction. Annual Status Report 2016 iii Slough Borough Council Extension of AQMA 3 The Council will be extending its AQMA3 in 2017 due to continued breaches of the annual mean concentration for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a relevant receptor on Bath Road. Air quality monitoring and modelling confirms the need to extend AQMA3; 300m eastwards along the A4 Bath Road as shown in the map below. As of July 2015, 1639 residential properties were located within Slough’s Air Quality Management Areas. There are no schools located within Slough’s Air Quality Management Areas. The playing grounds of Foxborough Primary School, just skirts the edge of the AQMA1 M4. Air Quality Monitoring Results 2015 and Trends This report covers the air quality results obtained for 2015 and compares these results over the past four and five years at the same sites to determine if there are any clear trends in pollution levels. Annual Status Report 2016 iv Slough Borough Council Table 1 shows the air quality results in 2015 (after been ratified and bias corrected) that identify 10 residential monitoring locations in breach of the national air quality standard for annual mean nitrogen dioxide (NO2). At least one site is located within each AQMA. Table 1 Distance corrected NO2 concentrations for residential sites which measure above 40 µg m-3 in 2015 Distance to kerb Distance Distance to of correction to Measured Relevant nearest residential Site ID Site Name AQMA concentration, Exposure main -3 façade µg m (m) (1) road concentration, from µg m-3 tube (m) Blair Road 37 4 18 13 43 41 Victoria Court 18 Brands Hill (A) 2 5 3 61 53 34-36 Chalvey (CAS) 1 30 45 41 45 Cornwall House, 46 4 0 10 41 41 Bath Rd 10 London Rd (C) 2 0 10 48 48 Princess House, 47 4 0 5 41 41 Bath Road Tuns Station, 48-50 3 0 10 46 46 Farnham Rd 40 Wexham Road 4 5 3 42 40 22 Winvale 1 10 20 43 48 Yew Tree Road 29 4 0 5 41 41 (Uxbridge Rd) (1) 0m Means the tube is located on the façade of the residential receptor Nitrogen dioxide concentrations continue to exceed annual objective concentrations at a number of locations throughout the Borough principally those which have high traffic volumes above 10,000 AADT (daily traffic movements) and/or high percentage of heavy vehicles on the strategic road network. Air Quality Trends over 4-5 years It is positive to note that the monitoring data is clearly demonstrating a downward trend in air quality concentrations for both NO2 and particulates (PM10). Only indicative measurements of (PM2.5) are recorded but the lowest recorded levels were monitored in 2015. Annual Status Report 2016 v Slough Borough Council The average reduction in concentration of annual mean (NO2) over the past 5 years across all the monitoring sites within the AQMAs is 0.9µg/m3 per year (or 2.25% of the air quality objective. However, the rate of improvement required to meet the air quality objectives is still slow, and air pollution remains a significant issue for Slough residents and will do so for many more years to come. Concentrations vary significantly between monitoring sites with rates of improvement required to meet air quality objective (varying between 2.5% and 33%), of equal concern is the number of new residential builds being developed in areas already experiencing poor air quality.