Internet Society 2004 Annual Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Initiatives Actors
Governing the internet – actors and initiatives An illustration of the diversity of actors and initiatives influencing the rules, norms, principles and decision-making processes governing the use of the internet globally.* Initiatives Multi-stakeholder Internet and Global Forum EU Internet Global Network UN Open Ended Jurisdiction of Cyber Forum Initiative Working Group5 Policy Network Expertise Alliance for Internet Paris Call2 Affordable EURODIG3 Governance Internet Forum The Geneva WeProtect Christchurch ICANN1 Internet Society Dialogue Global Alliance Call4 Intergovernmental United G7 Digital & Transatlantic International Nations Technology High Level Watch and Group on the Ministerial Group Working Group…6 Warning Network Information UNODC Society Intergovern- Freedom Online mental Expert UNGGE7 Coalition Group on Cybercrime Actors Governments International Organisations (including regional) Technical communities Number World Wide Internet Resource Web Consortium Infrastructure Organization (W3C) Coalition Global Network Internet Operator Group Architecture (NOG) Alliance Board 13 9 12 Regional 11 Industrial 10 Internet ITU8 Internet ARIN Consortium Registries (RIRs) APNIC AFRINIC LACNIC RIPE NCC Multinational companies Online platforms Oversight Facebook Microsoft Apple Tencent Board** Snapchat Instagram Skype iMessage WeChat Telegram Alphabet Baidu Twitter Messenger Bing Facetime QQ SinaCorp Whatsapp LinkedIn YouTube Tieba Qzone ByteDance Mail.ru Verizon Weibo Google Sohu Kuaishou Naver GoDaddy Douyin Yahoo! Reddit Yandex TikTok -
Paths to Our Digital Future Table of Contents
INTERNET SOCIETY GLOBAL INTERNET REPORT Paths to Our Digital Future Table of Contents Foreword by Kathy Brown, Executive summary Introduction President and CEO, 5–13 14–16 Internet Society 3–4 How we see the Internet Drivers of Change Drivers of Change 16–19 & Areas of Impact 24–61 21–23 Areas of Impact What if? Recommendations 62–84 85–103 104–110 Conclusion Methodology Acknowledgements 111–113 114–117 118–119 internetsociety.org 2 Foreword Foreword by Kathy Brown, President and CEO, Internet Society The Internet Society’s history is inseparably tied to The Internet Society’s fourth annual Global Internet the history of the Internet itself. We were founded Report — Paths to Our Digital Future — explores in 1992 by Internet pioneers Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf, this important question. This comprehensive report along with numerous other visionary individuals brings together insights from across our diverse and organisations. These early Internet luminaries global community to inspire all who engage with the believed that ‘a society would emerge from the Internet to think differently and to prepare for the idea that is the Internet’. And they were right. The opportunities and challenges on the horizon. Internet has come a long way since its inception, and is now part of our social fabric — essential to how No one knows exactly how the Internet will evolve, we connect, communicate, create and collaborate. but we do know it will require new thinking, new approaches and new tools for this rapidly changing 2017 marks a significant milestone for the Internet world around us. Society. -
The Open Internet
The Open Internet What it is, and how to avoid mistaking it for something else. SEPTEMBER 2014 Introduction1 It is not by chance that we have enjoyed the extraordinary success of the Internet as a global engine of economic, political, cultural, and social progress. Fundamental principles embedded in the architecture of the Internet as a collaboration among designers, builders, providers, and users led directly to this success. Sustaining it will require a commitment by today’s policy makers to understand and respect those principles—not because they are honored by time or tradition, but because they confer tangible present and future benefits. The term "Open Internet" has been used so often and so freely that everyone knows what it means—or thinks they know what it means, and assumes that everyone else means the same thing when they use it. After all, the core enabling principle of the Internet as a system that includes users, applications, and infrastructure is openness, which infuses every aspect of the modern Internet—technical, economic, political, and social. But depending on the context in which it is used, the word open conveys different meanings, particularly when subtle (or not–so–subtle) variations are introduced by translation from one language to another; and because “openness” has become an important issue in many Internet political debates, defining what it means has become part of those debates. As is usually the case when people understand the terms and concepts of a debate differently, it will be difficult for us to resolve important issues of Internet policy until we reconcile our different understandings of open and openness in principle and in practice. -
The Regional Internet Registry (RIR) System
The Regional Internet Registry (RIR) System Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 1 Regional Internet Registry (RIR) The Regional Internet Registry (RIR) and bottom-up community driven number resource management model 2 Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 Regional Internet Registry (RIR) The Regional Internet Registry (RIR) and bottom-up community driven number resource management model 3 Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 Identification Sender and Receiver Addresses Internet Number Resources 11000000000000000000001000110101 192.0.2.53 IP version 4 (IPv4) • Initially deployed: 1 January 1983. • IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers. (4.2 Billion) 11000000000000000000001000110100 • Still the most commonly used 192.0.2.52 version. Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 5 Internet Number Resources 192.0.2.52 ? 192.0.2.53 192.0.2.52 Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 6 Internet Number Resource Management John Postal used to manually distribute IP addresses Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 7 Internet Number Resource Management IANA RIR RIR RIR RIR RIR End Site ISP Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 8 Regional Internet Registry (RIR) The Regional Internet Registry (RIR) and bottom-up community driven number resource management model Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 9 RIPE Policy Development The RIPE community develops and sets policies through a long established, open, bottom-up process of discussion and consensus-based decision making. Where does it happen? Policy development happens at RIPE Meetings (where RIPE Working Groups meet) and the RIPE Working Group mailing lists. 10 Hisham Ibrahim | Turkey | August 2017 RIPE Policy Development To promote and support the inclusive and open process: • Everyone is welcome and encouraged to take part in the workings of RIPE by attending RIPE Meetings and participating on RIPE Working Group mailing lists; • Mailing lists are publicly archived; • The minutes of working group sessions at RIPE Meetings are publicly archived; • All policies are formally documented and publicly available. -
Internet Society Comments: Taking Stock of the 2011 Nairobi Meeting Of
Internet Society comments: Taking stock of the 2011 Nairobi Meeting of the Internet Governance Forum and Suggestions for the Agenda and Format of the 2012 Meeting The Internet Society (ISOC) would like to congratulate the IGF Secretariat and the host country for the successful organization of the sixth Internet Governance Forum (IGF), held from 27-30 September 2011 in Nairobi, Kenya. The record attendance, the highest of all IGF meetings so far, bears witness to the Forum’s value to all stakeholders. There was a shared understanding of the importance of holding the sixth meeting of the IGF – the first since the renewal of its mandate – in Kenya. Not only did the meeting allow new perspectives to be shared and new audiences to participate, but it also showcased the considerable strides that have taken place in the Kenyan Internet landscape in recent years and which have made the country a leader in its region. Above all, the Kenyan multistakeholder model provided leadership by example. We would like to thank the Kenyan hosts for their generous hospitality, which helped stimulate discussions. We welcomed the selection of the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON) as the venue for the meeting. UNON, as one of the main UN conference sites, provided the IGF with state of the art infrastructure and services. The Internet Society would like to acknowledge the technical know-how that enabled the engineering of a stable IPV6 network at the meeting venue. Last but not least, we would like to pay tribute to the work of the Multistakeholder Advisory Group (MAG) in planning the meeting, the workshop organizers and contributors, and all the participants who contributed to making the sixth IGF such an outstanding success. -
BGP Interconnection in the Region of Latin America and the Caribbean
BGP Interconnection in the Region of Latin America and the Caribbean Author: Augusto Mathurín Coordination/Revision: Guillermo Cicileo Edition and Design: Maria Gayo, Carolina Badano, Martín Mañana Project: Strengthening Regional Internet Infrastructure Department: Internet Infrastructure R&D Contents Contents 2 Introduction 4 Methodology 4 Stated Objectives 4 Data Sources 4 Data Processing 6 Generated Datasets 8 Data by Country 10 Argentina 10 Aruba 12 Bolivia 13 Brazil 15 Belize 17 Chile 19 Colombia 21 Costa Rica 23 Cuba 25 Dominican Republic 27 Ecuador 29 French Guiana 31 Guatemala 32 Guyana 34 Honduras 36 Haiti 38 Mexico 40 Nicaragua 42 Panama 44 2 Peru 46 Paraguay 48 Suriname 50 El Salvador 52 Trinidad and Tobago 54 Uruguay 56 Venezuela 58 Regional Data Analysis 60 Connection to the Other Regions 62 Conclusions and Future Work 65 3 Introduction Internet development and the quality of user connectivity depend on the existence of good communications infrastructure and proper connectivity between countries. In Latin America, there are still some deficiencies in this regard which result in many people experiencing high latencies in their connections. The main reason for these latencies is the lack of local interconnection between different network operators, which means that traffic between nearby countries must often use distant Internet exchange points, located in the United States or Europe. The deployment of various Internet exchange points (IXPs) has helped improve this situation, although the actual status of connectivity between countries and networks remains a mystery. To find answers to these unknowns, some time ago LACNIC created Simón1, a project that seeks to generate information by measuring latency levels between countries and in this way estimate traffic volumes. -
Using Whois Based Geolocation and Google Maps API for Support Cybercrime Investigations
Recent Advances in Telecommunications and Circuits Using Whois Based Geolocation and Google Maps API for support cybercrime investigations Asmir Butkovic*, Fahrudin Orucevic**, Anel Tanovic*** * Sector for Informatics, Police Support Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Aleja Bosne Srebrene bb, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina ** Department of Computer Science and Informatics University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Zmaja od Bosne bb, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina *** Department of Computer Science and Informatics University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology Zmaja od Bosne bb, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: - A major challenge facing all law-enforcement and intelligence-gathering organizations is accurately and efficiently analyzing the growing volumes of crime data. Cybercrime refers to any crime that involves a computer and network, where computer may or may not play an instrumental part in the commission of the crime. Detection and investigation of cybercrime can likewise be difficult because busy network traffic and frequent online transactions generate large amounts of data, only a small portion of which relates to illegal activities. In this paper, we are focusing on technologies that can help to improve the effective investigation of cybercrime, facilitate police work and enable investigators to allocate their time to other tasks. We have developed an IP mapping tool called MIPA that combines online mapping techniques and IP geolocation technology, and uses application functionality from disparate web sources. The emergence of the Web 2.0 and user-friendly online mapping techniques have created public interest in contributing information through Web- enabled geospatial tools. -
The Regional Internet Registry System Leslie Nobile
“How It Works” The Regional Internet Registry System Leslie Nobile v Overview • The Regional Internet Registry System • Internet Number Resource Primer: IPv4, IPv6 and ASNs • Significant happenings at the RIR • IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Transition • IPv4 transfer market • Increase in fraudulent activity • RIR Tools, technologies, etc. 2 The Regional Internet Registry System 3 Brief History Internet Number Resource Administration • 1980s to 1990s • Administration of names, numbers, and protocols contracted by US DoD to ISI/Jon Postel (eventually called IANA) • Registration/support of this function contracted to SRI International and then to Network Solutions • Regionalization begins - Regional Internet Registry system Jon Postel forms • IP number resource administration split off from domain name administration • US Govt separates administration of commercial Internet (InterNIC) from the military Internet (DDN NIC) 4 What is an RIR? A Regional Internet Registry (RIR) manages the allocation and registration of Internet number resources in a particular region of the world and maintains a unique registry of all IP numbers issued. *Number resources include IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6) and autonomous system (AS) numbers 5 Who Are the RIRs? 6 Core Functions of an RIR Manage, distribute -Maintain directory -Support Internet and register Internet services including infrastructure through Number Resources Whois and routing technical coordination (IPv4 & IPv6 registries addresses and Autonomous System -Facilitate community numbers (ASNs) -Provide -
Uaenic-Cctld Worksho#2D3BA2
UAEnic United Arab Emirates Amani Mohammed Bin Sewaif Zain Al Abdeen Baig November 2007 Agenda What is UAEnic? The Objectives UAEnic Time Lines Domain Names Statistics Evolution of (.ae) Domain Names UAEnic Technical Operations Domain Name System DNS Architecture Arabic GCC IDN Test Additional Services What is UAEnic? UAE Network Information Center (UAEnic) The (.ae) Domain Name Registry – ccTLD of the UAE since 1995 Local Internet Registry (LIR) 1.7.9.e164.arpa maintainer IDN’s Arabic Root technical implementer Objectives Give the UAE an extensive global presence in the cyber world. Treat all eligible applicants equally on a first come, first served basis. Promote the use of Internet in UAE for economical, educational and cultural development. UAEnic Time Lines 1994 2002 UAE University was delegated by Developed Domain Name Dispute IANA to run (.ae) Domain Name Resolution Policy 3 & 10 years Space. registration contract 1995 Was authorized by ITU to run ENUM UAEnic was re-delegated to run (.ae) (+971) Registry (among the first in the Domain Name Space with mutual world) agreement with UAE University. 2004 UAEnic was an authorized LIR by Hosting of “F” Root Name Server in RIPE NCC Dubai 2001 2005 UAEnic was allocated IPv6 Addresses. Hosting of “K” Root Name Server in (first in the region). Abu Dhabi 50 years registration contract 2007 Discussions with TRA about the future of .ae Domain Statistics Breakdown of .ae Domains ae 43300 co.ae 3378 net.ae 101 org.ae 189 sch.ae 739 ac.ae 128 mil.ae 9 gov.ae 463 Total -
Exploring and Analysing the African Web Ecosystem
1 Exploring and Analysing the African Web Ecosystem 2 3 4 RODÉRICK FANOU ?, CAIDA/University of California, San Diego (UCSD), USA 5 † GARETH TYSON, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom 6 7 EDER LEAO FERNANDES, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom 8 PIERRE FRANCOIS, Independent Contributor, France 9 10 FRANCISCO VALERA, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain 11 ARJUNA SATHIASEELAN, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 12 13 It is well known that Internet infrastructure deployment is progressing at a rapid pace in the African continent. A urry of recent 14 research has quantied this, highlighting the expansion of its underlying connectivity network. However, improving the infrastructure 15 is not useful without appropriately provisioned services to exploit it. This paper measures the availability and utilisation of web 16 17 infrastructure in Africa. Whereas others have explored web infrastructure in developed regions, we shed light on practices in developing 18 regions. To achieve this, we apply a comprehensive measurement methodology to collect data from a variety of sources. We rst focus 19 on Google to reveal that its content infrastructure in Africa is, indeed, expanding. That said, we nd that much of its web content is still 20 served from the US and Europe, despite being the most popular website in many African countries. We repeat the same analysis across 21 a number of other regionally popular websites to nd that even top African websites prefer to host their content abroad. To explore 22 the reasons for this, we evaluate some of the major bottlenecks facing content delivery networks (CDNs) in Africa. -
IANA Report on Recognition of Afrinic As a Regional Internet Registry
IANA Report Subject: Recognition of AfriNIC as a Regional Internet Registry Date: 6 April 2005 The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (the IANA), as part of the administrative functions associated with management of the Internet Protocol (IP) address space, is responsible for evaluating applications for approval of new Regional Internet Registries. ICANN has received an application for final approval and recognition of the African Internet Numbers Registry (AfriNIC) as the fifth Regional Internet Registry (RIR). Background The role and responsibilities of ICANN/IANA in this area are defined in the Address Supporting Organization Memorandum of Understanding <http://www.icann.org/aso/aso- mou-29oct04.htm> (ASO MOU), and ICP-2 <http://www.icann.org/icp/icp-2.htm> ("Criteria for Establishment of New Regional Internet Registries"). In September 2004, an application was submitted by the AfriNIC organization for recognition, together with a detailed transition which included draft bylaws, policies, funding model, and staff resumes. On request of the ICANN President, the IANA staff conducted a preliminary evaluation. In September 2004 the President reported to the Board his conclusion that the application and transition plan constituted a reasonable basis for eventual recognition, though he noted that some adjustments would be necessary. Also in September 2004, the existing RIRs, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC and RIPE NCC, through the Number Resource Organization (NRO), issued a statement expressing their ongoing and continuing support for AfriNIC, and recommending a favorable response to the application by recognizing AfriNIC's accomplishments thus far. Consistent with the IANA©s preliminary evaluation and the recommendations of the existing RIRs, the ICANN Board on 30 September 2004 gave provisional approval <http://www.icann.org/minutes/resolutions-30sep04.htm> to the AfriNIC application, with the expectation that the transition plan would be completed and an amended or revised application for recognition would be submitted. -
Internet Society
1 June 2016 National Telecommunications and Information Administration U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW, Room 4725 Attn: IOT RFC 2016 Washington, DC 20230 RE: RFC on the Internet of Things, Docket No. 160331306–6306–01 The Internet Society is pleased to submit our recent paper, “The Internet of Things: An Overview – Understanding the Issues and Challenges of a More Connected World”, in response to NTIA’s Request for Comments on the Benefits, Challenges, and Potential Roles for the Government in Fostering the Advancement of the Internet of Things (Docket No. 160331306–6306–01). The Internet Society is a global not-for-profit organization committed to the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world. Working in partnership with our global community, comprised of more than 80,000 members, 110 Chapters across the world and more than 140 organizational members, the Internet Society provides leadership and expertise on policy, technology and communications matters. (http://www.internetsociety.org) The Internet Society is also the organizational home of the Internet Engineering Task Force. One of its leadership bodies, the Internet Architecture Board, has independently submitted a response focusing on specific technical aspects of the RFC. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging topic of technical, social, and economic significance. Consumer products, durable goods, cars and trucks, industrial and utility components, sensors, and other everyday objects are being combined with Internet connectivity and powerful data analytic capabilities that promise to transform the way we work, live and play. Projections for the impact of IoT on the Internet and economy are truly impressive, with some anticipating as much as 100 billion connected IoT devices and a global economic impact of more than $11 trillion by 2025.