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INTERNET SOCIETY

2004 ANNUAL REPORT

STRENGTHENING THE INTERNET COMMUNITY THROUGH EDUCATION, POLICY, STANDARDS, AND MEMBER ACTIVITIES 50991_RA_C2_C3_ACG 7/15/05 2:34 PM Page 2

OUR VISION TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Internet Society believes that the Internet is for everyone. FOREWORD BY LYNN ST. AMOUR, From its inception the mission of the Internet Society has been to promote PRESIDENT AND CEO, INTERNET SOCIETY ...... 1 the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit I SOC IN 2004 of all people throughout the world. A YEAR IN REVIEW...... 3 People in all parts of the world can use the Internet to improve their quality of life because the standards, technologies, business practices, WHAT IS THE INTERNET SOCIETY? ...... 8 and government policies connected with the Internet sustain an open universally accessible platform for innovation, creativity, and economic RELATED ORGANISATIONS opportunity. INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE ...... 10 Complementing its vision of the future is the Internet Society’s vision of its RELATED ORGANISATIONS role in creating that future: As the hub of a global network of individuals PUBLIC INTEREST REGISTRY ...... 14 and organisations, the Internet Society is an effective advocate for the core values of an open and accessible Internet. PLANS FOR THE FUTURE ISOC’ S GOALS AND OBJECTIVES...... 15

MEMBERS, CHAPTERS, AND PARTNERS GLOBAL PRESENCE, LOCAL STRENGTH ...... 17

FINANCIAL REPORT ...... 22

NOTES ON FINANCIAL INFORMATION ...... 24

FOR MORE INFORMATION ...... 25

Copyright © Internet Society 2005.All rights reserved. 50991_RA_TEXT_ACG 7/13/05 3:28 PM Page 1

FOREWORD BY LYNN ST. AMOUR

FOREWORD BY LYNN ST. AMOUR PRESIDENT AND CEO, INTERNET SOCIETY

these discussions, and its close with ISOC partners and specifically organisations as the Regional connections with the organisations targeting decision makers. While Internet Registries, the root behind the development and ISOC has achieved a considerable server operators, and the Internet administration of the Internet degree of success, much remains Corporation for Assigned Names enabled it to bring together many to be done, and the continued and Numbers (ICANN), and we of the key players to cooperate on were pleased to see that our support of all members, Chapters, the important task of explaining combined messages were being and partners is critical. how the Internet works and who heard, reflected on, and repeated makes it work. The Internet These public policy activities by many individuals and organi- Lynn St. Amour, President and CEO, ISOC governance debate meant that further strengthened ISOC’s long- sations responsible for policy proposals that could affect the standing cooperation with such decisions in their regions. The Internet faced a number future stability of the Internet were Together with the Internet of new challenges during 2004. being discussed at the highest community, ISOC has developed and AmongT them were calls to revisit possible levels in national govern- how Internet resources are managed. ments. ISOC welcomed the delivered educational programmes The debate on Internet governance increased interest and participation that support significant outreach —as it came to be known—started of government representatives and during the first phase of the World at the same time realised how and capacity-building efforts. Summit on the Information Society much more needed to be accom- (WSIS) in Geneva at the end of plished in order to foster a common 2003 and continued throughout understanding of how the Internet 2004 in a new forum—the Work- works and how relevant organisa- ing Group on Internet Governance tions have contributed to make the (WGIG)—set up by United Nations Internet so successful. Secretary-General Kofi Annan to During 2004 ISOC placed signifi- prepare the groundwork for the cant focus not only on active partic- second phase of WSIS in 2005. ipation in such forums as WSIS and The Internet Society (ISOC) found WGIG but also on related educa- itself at the centre of many of tional activities, many of them held

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The year 2004 also saw a continu- to running exemplary registry services. Many of ISOC’s initiatives and members and partners worldwide ation of ISOC’s long-standing initia- programmes are made possible by in 2005 to build upon ISOC’s many ISOC’s ccTLD workshops represent tives related to the development member support. Organisations that successful efforts to date and to just one of the initiatives made of a sustainable Internet capability realise the importance of a stable, work toward a future in which the possible by contributions from in developing countries. Together accessible Internet help resource benefits of the Internet are enjoyed the Public Interest Registry (PIR), with the Internet community, ISOC ISOC activities, and Chapters and extensively by everyone, everywhere. managers of the .ORG gTLD. has developed and delivered educa- Individual Members work to develop PIR supports and enhances ISOC’s tional programmes that support and implement ISOC-supported mission and programmes by significant outreach and capacity- programmes in regional and local contributing to ISOC-managed building efforts. An important goal ISOC is uniquely positioned programmes. communities. Members are very of the programmes is that they important to ISOC, and ISOC thanks to help policy makers not only become self-sustaining by means of As the organisational home of every one for their valued support. a train-the-trainer approach that the Internet Engineering Task Force understand the implications of There is still much to be done, and enables local communities to main- (IETF), ISOC is uniquely positioned I look forward to working with all our Internet technologies but also tain, deliver, and further develop to help policy makers not only education programmes in their understand the implications of build fair and effective Internet regions. Events such as the African Internet technologies but also coordination policies that encourage Network Operators’ Group (AfNOG) build fair and effective Internet in the Africa region and Workshop coordination policies that encourage the development of the Internet para América Latina y el Caribe the development of the Internet for for the benefit of the people (Internet Workshop for Latin America the benefit of the people in their and the Caribbean, or WALC) in countries and regions. in their countries and regions. the Latin America region are good During 2004, ISOC actively sup- examples of how this can work. ported the IETF’s administrative In June, ISOC held the first in a restructuring process. By the end series of new workshops for country- of the year, the IETF community code Top-Level-Domain (ccTLD) had committed to the establishment operators. The workshops, which of an IETF Administrative Support continue ISOC’s long tradition of Activity (IASA) within ISOC. An delivering network training to IASA transition team was formed developing countries, were held to start work on the detailed in response to numerous requests implementation of the new activity, for technical education as well as including the recruitment of an for help with best practices relevant IETF Administrative Director.

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ISOC IN 2004

ISOC IN 2004 A YEAR IN REVIEW

During 2004, ISOC continued its ever-growing Workshop INTERNET STANDARDS PUBLIC POLICY to build up activities in several Resource Centre. In response New IETF Administrative Increased policy outreach areas. ISOC-supported programmes D to local needs, a new series of Support Activity (IASA) ISOC participated in several major and projects contributed greatly workshops was launched for ccTLD In late 2003, the Internet forums during 2004, including to increasing technical competence operators, and these turned out to Architecture Board (IAB) set up an meetings related to WSIS, the new as well as to raising awareness of be great additions to the ongoing ad hoc advisory committee to look UN Working Group on Internet policy and social issues concerning Network Training Workshops that into and make recommendations Governance (WGIG), the UN ICT the many facets of the Internet. have been hallmarks of ISOC’s edu- concerning the future administra- (Information and Communication Technology experts, policy makers and business leaders participated in the Following the first phase of the cation efforts in the least-developed Technologies) Task Force, and ICANN. tive needs of the IETF. The commit- INET’04 conference in Barcelona, Spain. World Summit on the Information countries for many years. tee’s report was published in early ISOC’s messages in support of Society (WSIS) in December 2003, maintaining an open Internet were As the organisational home of 2004 as RFC3716 and entitled The there was during 2004 a sharper recognised more widely than ever the IETF, ISOC was asked to provide IETF in the Large: Administration focus than ever before on the before, and the society’s outreach significant support for the IETF’s and Execution. ISOC was asked subject of Internet governance. to support the IETF in the latter’s efforts were well received by ISOC’s administrative restructuring efforts, ISOC played an important role in follow-up efforts to establish an partner organisations across the and this led to the formation of the ongoing debate by working administrative restructuring process a new IETF Administrative Support to explain the importance of pre- that would propose changes to Activity (IASA) that is to become serving and developing the unique effect the improvements recom- In July 2004, Dr. Tarek Kamel, a former member of the ISOC Board of Trustees, a formal function within ISOC. open, bottom-up, consensus- mended by that report. The IETF former ISOC Vice President of Chapters, and co-founder of the Internet Society based processes that have made In the area of membership, the community engaged in the discus- the Internet so successful. ISOC’s development of a number of new sion and refinement of draft pro- of Egypt was appointed Minister of Communications and Information Technology education activities, policy state- activities was initiated, including posals and by the end of the year in the cabinet of the new Egyptian government. ments, Member Briefings, and a major project to replace ISOC’s had progressed to a commitment member activities were key com- membership system. In addition, to establish an IASA within ISOC. Other graduates of Network Training Workshops who have gone on to hold ponents of this effort. ISOC’s first ever Membership An IASA transition team was estab- ISOC also built on the success of Director was hired, and this lished as the IETF community con- senior-level government positions include Dr. Juma Okech (Secretary of the its well-established educational is increasing ISOC’s ability to reach tinued wrapping up discussion of E-Government Directorate in the Cabinet Office of the President of Kenya) and initiatives by making educational out and fully engage all members the final details to define the IASA. materials widely available through and Chapters. www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3716 Orlin Kouzov (CEO of the Bulgarian ICT Development Agency).

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world. These efforts were supported Sessions in the track covered the Developed with the assistance of by the ISOC Web site, by ISOC’s following topics. ISOC experts from the business, significant participation in many academic, and technical communi- • The Changing Internet ties, ISOC Member Briefings high- international conferences, and by Standards Game a steady supply of new information light some of the key issues bulletins and publications on topical • Next-Generation Policies for surrounding selected Internet tech- the Next-Generation Internet Internet issues. ISOC also carried nologies and discuss their possible Lynn St. Amour (far right), President and out a number of member surveys • Rethinking Internet Governance: implications for the Internet indus- CEO of ISOC, at the opening ceremony of on these issues. The results were Intergovernmental Institutions try. Member Briefings published INET’04 in Barcelona, Spain. published in the ISOC member news- and ICANN during 2004 covered areas such as the Domain Name System (DNS) letter and on the ISOC Web site. • Rethinking Internet Governance: and IDNs. Support for ISOC’s www.isoc.org/pubpolpillar/ Promoting Participation by Member Briefings is provided by www.isoc.org/members/surveys/ Developing Countries and ISOC’s Platinum Members: Afilias, Civil Society Organisations Broadening the governance Asia Pacific Network Information In August 2004 Phill Gross was the recipient of the prestigious Jonathan B. Postel debate • Rethinking Internet Governance: Centre (APNIC), American Registry Service Award.A co-founder of the IETF, Gross was instrumental in defining and A special feature of the INET’04 The Roles of Intergovernmental for Internet Numbers (ARIN), conference—held in Barcelona, Spain, Institutions, Private Authority, and Microsoft Corporation, Réseaux IP shaping the way the IETF standards process functions. He was awarded the Postel in May 2004 with Spain’s Internet Multistakeholder Partnerships Européens–Network Coordination Global Congress—was an ISOC track Service Award in recognition of his early leadership of the IETF and for firmly Explaining the implications of Centre (RIPE NCC), and the Swedish aimed specifically at governments Internet technologies International Development establishing the principles that are essential for its success. Gross is currently and policy makers. In the context of The INET’04 conference also pro- Cooperation Agency (Sida). Director of Academics and Technology at Northern Virginia ECPI College of Technology. an increasing debate over what has vided ISOC with an opportunity to www.isoc.org/briefings/ been labelled Internet governance, develop and deliver special tutorials this track set out to broaden the EDUCATION The Jonathan B. Postel Service Award was established by ISOC to honour those to explain the technology and policy discussion by showing why cooper- implications of technologies such as Making technical training who have made outstanding contributions in service to the data communications ation models are needed and how Internationalised Domain Names available to all they support an open, close-to-the- (IDNs) and IPv6. The Public Interest community. The award focuses on sustained and substantial technical contributions, ISOC’s Workshop Resource Centre end-user, consensual, and inclusive Registry (PIR) provided sponsorship (WRC) is a joint activity of ISOC service to the community, and leadership. The award is named after Dr. Jonathan B. Internet. Respected expert speakers of the IDN tutorial. ISOC would like and the Network Startup Resource explained how these models can to thank Fundació Barcelona Digital Center (NSRC). It is a centralised Postel, who embodied all of these qualities during his extraordinary stewardship evolve to include new partners in for its support with the organisation service that collects resources over the course of a 30-year career in networking. Internet coordination activities as the of INET’04. related to Internet networking work- Internet itself continues to evolve. www.isoc.org/inet04/ shops and makes them publicly

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available via a dedicated Web site. possible thanks to support from activities in Africa (AfNOG and Content includes technical training .ORG and Qualys Inc. AfriNIC), Asia (SANOG), and Latin

material on network design and ws.edu.isoc.org America (WALC, CEDIA). Details of deployment as well as planning these regional workshops follow. tools to help workshop organisers Capacity building through develop and hold local events. The regional workshops AfNOG and AfriNIC 2004 ultimate goal of the WRC is for ISOC’s Network Training Workshops In May, Afilias provided funding to facilitate ISOC support of the content development to become facilitate knowledge transfer to Participants at AfNOG 2004 in Dakar, self-sustaining and for site users to local operators and policy makers. AfNOG network training workshops Senegal. form a support network that would Many of those who attended these and the AfriNIC meeting in Dakar, support emerging training needs workshops have gone on to help Senegal. These events were well around the globe. build the Internet infrastructure in attended, and participants included networks in their countries. They The ultimate goal of the Workshop their countries. Workshop gradu- a number of Senegalese visitors are also now equipped with suffi- Since going live in February 2004, Resource Centre is for content from government and other local cient training material to enable the WRC has been promoted widely ates have also used their newly organisations and authorities. The them to train other technical to developing countries through acquired skills to train those respon- development to become self- professionals in their community, a large number of training events sible for running and maintaining AfriNIC meeting was a particularly thereby carrying technologies sustaining and for site users to form and publications. It has been used that infrastructure. And in the true significant occasion for the emerg- further into the emerging networks. extensively as a major resource by spirit of ISOC, some have also ing African Internet Registry a support network that would worked to bring together those because it was the first-ever public planners of network training work- Highlights of the AfNOG 2004 support emerging training needs shops in all parts of the world. with an interest in developing the policy meeting focusing on the workshops included sessions on potential of the Internet, enabling proposed set of policies to govern IETF specifications for IP telephony around the globe. By the end of 2004 the WRC local users, operators, and policy AfriNIC in its service region. as well as tutorials on DNS and contained over 330 items from makers to play active roles in the on managing spam and viruses about 30 workshops. The Web site The main outcome of the AfNOG broader Internet community. for Internet service providers. had received over 402,000 hits by workshop is that the participants people from 50 countries. Devel- During 2004, .ORG sponsorship are equipped to develop and main- www.afnog.org www.afrinic.org opment of the WRC was made enabled ISOC to support regional tain scalable Internet protocol (IP)

During 2004, .ORG sponsorship enabled ISOC’s educational activities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. .ORG also provided support for many of ISOC’s public policy initiatives, including those related to the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) and the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG).

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WALC 2004 SANOG 2004 tors who manage the servers and Participants from 14 countries Fifty participants attended two South services for their national registries. attended the seventh workshop for Asian Network Operators Group The workshops help participants Latin America and the Caribbean, (SANOG) workshops in Bangalore, maintain stable, secure, and reliable held in Cuzco, Peru, in October. India (SANOG III), in January, and services for their respective Internet There were six tracks, with sessions 60 participants attended the three communities. They also assist ccTLD on wireless data networking, workshops in Kathmandu, Nepal operators in coordinating registry Through its international network training programs, information services, Internet (SANOG IV), in July. ISOC and .ORG policy needs and their technical ISOC has played a pivotal role in helping developing routing techniques, and computer provided support for both events, resources, so that they can make network security. and the NSRC organised and informed choices about how to countries initiate their first Internet connections. taught a new track that was added This was the first time that a track implement policies, operational in Kathmandu on IP services: I’ve been a member of ISOC for more than ten years—as a student of the earliest was dedicated entirely to wireless goals, and management procedures Open Source Software and system data transmission; this track had in cooperation with their national Network Training Workshops, an organizer of those workshops in Africa, administration. the highest attendance. Internet community. Participants co-founder of the Egyptian ISOC chapter, a member of the ISOC Board of Trustees, www.walc2004.cepes.org.pe Highlights of SANOG IV included also learned about current policies workshops on routing, DNS, and procedures for working with and a Vice President of Chapters. I’ve witnessed ISOC actively promoting its motto, CEDIA DNSSEC, and IP services. Tutorials the Internet Assigned Numbers The Internet Is for Everyone, and am certain that its worldwide Chapters and ISOC and .ORG provided support for covered multiple tracks on such Authority (IANA) and ICANN on workshop routing kits and donated subjects as handling spam and VoIP. ccTLD management issues. broad base of Individual and Organisation Members will continue to support books for two workshops that the www.sanog.org The RIPE NCC provided facilities in global Internet cooperation. NSRC conducted in Ecuador with the nascent R&E network in March New Workshops support local Amsterdam for the first event, and —Dr. Tarek Kamel 2004. With support from ISOC, the ccTLD operators ISOC thanks it for its support. The Minister of Communications and Information Technology, Egypt National Science Foundation, and In June, ISOC held the first of a workshop brought together opera- Cisco Systems, the NSRC provided new series of workshops to provide tors of ccTLDs in the following technical assistance and hands-on technical training for ccTLD opera- countries: Benin, Burundi, Ghana, training for the Consorcio Ecuator- iano para el Desarrollo de Internet Avanzado (CEDIA) and the Fundación para la Ciencia y la Tecnología to help develop Ecuador’s national research

and education network. Forty stu- Left: ccTLD workshop, Amsterdam: dents participated in each workshop. Kanchana Kanchanasut from Thailand (admin-c for .th) www.cedia.edu.ec

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Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and areas ranging from telemedicine and heterogeneous networks. SEINIT The publication, which was made Uruguay. to environmental protection. defines innovative security models available in both electronic and and policies to address the issues hard-copy formats, became an The second event took place in The Frida programme, administered In October 2004 Dr. Stephen L. Squires of a pervasive computer world. important tool for promoting ISOC October at the Asian Institute of by the Latin American and Caribbean ISOC’s role is to support education activities, particularly in discussions joined ISOC’s Board of Trustees. Technology in Bangkok. Participants Internet Addresses Registry (LACNIC) and awareness-building activities. with potential sponsors of ISOC- came from Bangladesh, Bhutan, with ISOC as a major sponsor, has Dr. Squires is Vice President and Chief supported initiatives, prospective Cambodia, East Timor, Kazakhstan, awarded more than 10 grants to www.seinit.org Science Officer at Hewlett-Packard projects in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Organisation Members, and partners. Laos, Mongolia, and Vietnam. Bringing cost-effective Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, www.isoc.org/isoc/reports/ar2003/ www.isoc.org/educpillar/cctld/ Internet connectivity to the Co., where he provides leadership Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Caucasus and Central Asia New systems facilitate ISOC support facilitates Venezuela. Projects include support- in establishing strategic scientific ISOC provided support to the Virtual new services innovative solutions to ing the development of wireless Silk Highway project—a broad ini- Work continued on implementa- and technical directions. development issues community networks, the implement- tiative aiming at sustainable National tion of new ISOC membership and ISOC’s and .ORG’s support of Small ation of grid research integration Research and Education Network accounting systems. The systems Prior to joining Hewlett-Packard, Grants Programmes in Asia (Pan- deployment and tools for the integra- (NREN) organisations in three Southern will facilitate new membership Asia programme) and Latin America tion and administration of network Squires was Special Assistant for Caucasus countries (Armenia, activities aimed at enabling (Frida programme) has helped fund services, and security management Azerbaijan, and Georgia) and five Chapters and individuals to dev- Information Technology to the Director local and regional initiatives that in Latin American networks. Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, elop and thrive by using better provide innovative networking solu- www.isoc.org/isoc/media/releases/040323 of the Defense Advanced Research Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, services, tools, and support. tions of specific development issues. pr.shtml Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). Projects Agency (DARPA). He devel- ISOC was on equal partnership SEINIT: Security Expert Initiative ISOC funding enabled an intensive ISOC surveys: Listening status with all other partners of the oped and oversaw the scalable to develop a trusted and educational programme for the to members programmes, and ISOC-nominated dependable security framework NREN staffs including workshops During 2004 ISOC held a number systems parts of their Strategic experts sat on the committees that ISOC is one of 13 European consor- on security, IPv6, distance education, of member surveys on topical selected projects for funding. Computing Programme, Federal tium members that signed a two- and top-level domain administration. Internet issues. The surveys provide For the Pan-Asia programme, two year contract with the European www.silkproject.org ISOC with an excellent opportunity High Performance Computing and types of grant were available. Commission to address areas of to get feedback from membership Communications Programme, and Small grants were awarded up to security and privacy based on the COMMUNICATIONS AND on what they consider important. US$9,000, while project grants of IPv6 protocol. The EUR 5 million COMMUNITY BUILDING This input is used to shape future the latter’s extension to the National up to US$30,000 were available. project, funded by the European New Annual Report supports ISOC activities and to provide a Information Infrastructure. Seven Pan-Asia grants were award- Union and the Swiss government, outreach efforts unique global view of the opinions ed in 2004 to projects in Cambodia, will develop a security framework The year 2004 saw the publication of Internet users worldwide. India, Nepal, and Vietnam covering for end-users via multiple devices of ISOC’s first-ever annual report. www.isoc.org/members/surveys/

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WHAT IS THE INTERNET SOCIETY?

The Internet Society was MISSION AND ROLE and international government opportunity; and to bring authorita- founded in 1992 to promote the ISOC’s mission is to achieve its and civil society groups that share tive, unbiased information about evolutionT and growth of the vision of a world in which everyone its vision, including the European the Internet to individuals and org- ISOC is proud that among its Internet as a global communica- everywhere is connected to an open Union and the Swedish Interna- anisations in every part of the world. founders are a number of individuals tions infrastructure, to provide sup- and universally accessible Internet. tional Development Cooperation CORE VALUES port for the Internet Engineering Agency (Sida). Collectively, these with long-term involvement in the The mission of the Internet Society ISOC’s core values are the funda- Task Force, and to encourage the organisations tile, or span the is to promote the open develop- mental principles that guide all of Internet. They include two of the responsible and effective use of the public policy, operations, and ment, evolution, and use of the the society’s activities. These are the Internet through education, discus- management space. Internet’s most esteemed pioneers— Internet for the benefit of all people beliefs and commitments on which sion, and advice to public policy throughout the world. Within this network of shared pur- ISOC’s mission is based. Many of Vinton G. Cerf, Senior Vice President makers. Many of the improvements Along with its natural partners— pose, ISOC’s specific role is to pro- them are shared by the other organi- that have been realised since then of Technology Strategy at MCI, and ISOC members and Chapters, the mote the formulation and adoption sations with which ISOC collaborates. in Internet technology and opera- IETF, and PIR—ISOC is embedded of policies that make the Internet Robert E. Kahn, Chairman, President, • The quality of life for people in tion and Internet access and use in within a fabric of Internet organisa- accessible to everyone; to safeguard all parts of the world is enhanced and CEO of the Corporation for developing countries can be attrib- tions, each with its own role to the integrity and continuity of the by their ability to enjoy the bene- uted to ISOC’s activities. ISOC play and pursuing its own mission. context within which the Internet National Research Initiatives. fits of an open and global Internet. enjoys a well-deserved reputation ISOC collaborates with those other develops and operates; to support for integrity and service to the pub- organisations—including ICANN, and contribute to the continuing • Well-informed individuals and Cerf and Kahn were joint winners of lic interest and is recognised as a the root server operators, the evolution of the Internet as an public and private policy makers the 2004 A.M. Turing Award, consid- strong advocate for the core values NSRC, and the Regional Internet open, decentralised platform for make up the foundation of an of an open and accessible Internet. Registries (RIRs)—and with national innovation, creativity, and economic open and global Internet society. ered the “Nobel Prize of Computing,” INTERNET SOCIETY STAFF for pioneering work on the design Nancy Cole, Finance Manager, Reston, Virginia David McAuley, Membership Director, Reston, Virginia and implementation of the Internet’s Lynn DuVal, Director of Finance and Administration, Reston, Virginia Nelson Sanchez, Senior Programme Manager, Geneva basic communications protocols. Peter Godwin, Communications Manager, Geneva Anne Shroeder, Webmaster and System Administrator, Reston, Virginia Martin Kupres, Corporate and Institutional Development Manager, Geneva Lynn St. Amour, President and CEO, Geneva Mirjam Kühne, Senior Programme Manager, Amsterdam Terry Weigler, Office Manager and Membership Administration, Reston, Virginia

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• The genius of the Internet is that SCOPE OF ISOC ACTIVITIES ISOC’s beneficiaries include both ISOC TRUSTEES AS OF DECEMBER 2004 its decentralised architecture The scope of ISOC activities is both present and future users. An impor- With their representative region, term of office, and officer title maximises individual users’ power broad and central. Because ISOC tant dimension of ISOC’s mission is Fred Baker* Don Heath to choose (or create) and use the holds that the Internet is for every- its commitment to future Internet U.S.A./Americas, 2002–05 U.S.A./Americas, 2001–04 hardware, software, and services one, every Internet user is a poten- users, to whom ISOC recognises a Chair Latif Ladid that best meet users’ needs, and tial beneficiary of ISOC activities on responsibility to sustain the progress Steve Crocker* Morocco ME/Africa, 2001–04 if the Internet is to continue to behalf of an open and accessible of innovation that has brought so U.S.A./Americas, 2003–06 Larry Landweber be a platform for innovation and Internet. ISOC is uniquely positioned many benefits to today’s users. Rosa M. Delgado* U.S.A./Americas, 2004 creativity, its open, decentralised at the intersection of development- ISOC VICE PRESIDENTS Switzerland/Europe, 2000–06 Toshio Miki nature must be preserved. oriented (technical) groups, public Jim Galvin (eList eXpress LLC) Erik Huizer Japan/Asia, 2002–04 policy, and educational activities and • Enduring and sustainable ISOC VP for Chapters and Individual Netherlands/Europe, 2002–05 Kees Neggers serves as the hub of a global net- progress toward ISOC’s vision is Membership Veni Markovski Netherlands/Europe, 1998–2004 best achieved by a combination work of individuals and organisations Bulgaria/Europe, 2002–05 Michael Nelson (IBM Corporation) George Sadowsky of global initiatives and activities that are collectively working toward ISOC VP for Public Policy Desiree Miloshevic U.S.A./Americas, 2000–04 at a local level that engage the shared vision of an Internet that England/Europe, 2004–07 benefits everyone everywhere. Officers people in their home regions. ISOC ADVISORY COUNCIL Glenn Ricart Glenn Ricart U.S.A./Americas, 2002–05 • Technical standards and Internet The interaction among activities Ed Juskevicius (Nortel Networks) U.S.A./Americas, 2003–04 operating procedures should be in three complementary areas— ISOC Advisory Council Chair Stephen L. Squires Treasurer standards, policy, and education—is U.S.A./Americas, 2004–07 developed and asserted through ISOC sincerely thanks the Vice Scott Bradner a particularly important source of Lynn St. Amour* U.S.A./Americas, 2003–04 open and transparent processes, Presidents, the Chair of the Advisory credibility and impact for ISOC. Switzerland/Europe, 2001– Secretary with minimal barriers to partici- Council and their employers for The relationship between ISOC and President/CEO pation or access to information. their support of ISOC. Committees the IETF, for example, enables ISOC Patrick Vande Walle George Sadowsky • The social, political, and economic Luxembourg/Europe, 2004–07 to speak with unique authority ISOC BOARD OF TRUSTEES benefits of the Internet are sub- U.S.A./Americas, 2004–05 on technical matters in education The board generally consists of not Margaret Wasserman Elections Committee Chair stantially diminished by excessively U.S.A./Americas, 2003–06 workshops and in public policy more than 20 trustees, each hold- Margaret Wasserman restrictive government or private forums, and ISOC’s reputation as ing office for a period of three years Pindar Wong* U.S.A./Americas, 2004–05 controls on computer hardware Hong Kong/Asia, 2003–06 a reliable source of accurate and and for no more than two consecu- Nominating Committee Chair or software, telecommunications unbiased information in the educa- tive terms. Trustees are nominated, Trustees Emeriti Glenn Ricart infrastructure, or Internet content. tion area contributes to its policy- selected, and elected by ISOC Osten Franberg U.S.A./Americas, 2004–05 • Rewarding and productive use area objective of ensuring that Organisation Members, ISOC Sweden/Europe, 2002–04 Audit Committee Chair of the Internet depends on the government decision makers be Chapters and Individual Members, Alan Greenberg ability to trust critical services. well-informed. and the IETF standards organisation. Canada/Americas, 2001–04 * Denotes Executive Committee Member

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

RELATED ORGANISATIONS INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE

The Internet Society is proud code.” The IETF is different from the nominations of IESG candidates. The IRTF consists of a number of to be the organisational home of most standardisation bodies in that ISOC’s Board of Trustees confirms the Research Groups working on topics theA Internet’s premier Internet stan- it is a totally open community with nominated IAB members. The IESG related to Internet protocols, appli- dards-making body: the Internet no membership requirements. It is also administers the Internet stan- cations, architecture, and technol- Engineering Task Force (IETF). an international community of net- dards process according to commu- ogy. The IRTF chair is appointed by Without the technical achievements work designers, operators, vendors, nity-defined rules and procedures. the IAB. In addition to managing of the IETF and its participants, the and researchers concerned with the The IESG is responsible for actions the Research Groups, the IRTF may Anyone can join the activities of the IETF Internet would never have become evolution of Internet architecture from time to time hold topical by participating in mailing list discussions the success that it is today. and smooth operation of the associated with the progression of and in IETF meetings that are held three workshops focusing on research Internet. As an open forum, anyone technical specifications along the times each year. The IETF standards process involves areas of importance to the evolu- can join the activities of the IETF. standards track, including initial several groups, including ISOC, the approval of new working groups tion of the Internet or may hold Internet Architecture Board (IAB), IETF standards are specifications and final approval of specifications more general workshops to discuss the Internet Engineering Steering that are stable and well under- as Internet standards. The IESG is research priorities from an Internet Group (IESG), the Internet Assigned stood; are technically competent; composed of the IETF area directors perspective. An example of an IRTF Numbers Authority (IANA), the have multiple, independent, and and the IETF chair, who also serves Research Group is the Anti-Spam Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), interoperable implementations with as IESG chair. Research Group, which addresses the Request for Comments (RFC) substantial operational experience; new or improved anti-spam tools Editor and the IETF itself. ISOC enjoy significant public support; and The IANA is responsible for assign- and techniques as well as adminis- funds the RFC Editor and provides are recognisably useful within some ing Internet protocol parameters trative tools and techniques. insurance coverage and discre- or all parts of the Internet. IETF and works with the IETF on the tionary funds for the IETF. ISOC standards are freely available on the basis of a memorandum of under- The RFC Editor is an organisation also acts as the IETF’s educational Internet, without cost, to everyone. standing (RFC 2860). Many protocol (financially supported by and under channel to communicate and pro- The IAB is chartered by the Internet specifications include numbers, contract to ISOC and overseen by mote standards internationally. Society Board of Trustees to provide keywords, and other parameters the IAB) responsible for the publi- As a standardisation body, the IETF oversight of the architecture of the that must be uniquely assigned. cation of RFCs—a series of formal focuses on the development of Internet and its protocols. The IETF Examples include version numbers, documents of the Internet commu- protocols used in IP-based net- Nominations Committee nominates protocol numbers, port numbers, nity. The documents include but works. Its unique process is based candidates for the IESG and IAB. and management information are not limited to Internet standards on “rough consensus and running The IAB confirms the IETF chair and base numbers. documents.

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RELATED ORGANISATIONS: IETF

ORGANISATIONAL OTHER SUPPORT in Contributions) and RFC 3979 tracking changes and updates to STRUCTURE ISOC’s contributions also extend to (Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Web sites through a reader utility. The IETF consists of a number of policy and public relations support Technology) clearly explain how the Although work is still in progress, working groups (WGs) classified on behalf of the IETF as well as IETF works with IPR. Atom feeds have already proved to into several areas. Currently, there be very popular with major Web log legal and insurance coverage. ISOC Applications Area are seven areas: Applications, operators such as Blogger (run by is the IETF’s sole source of financial Several long-running Applications General, Internet, Operations and Google, a new ISOC Organisation support apart from IETF meeting area working groups completed Management, Routing, Security, Member) adopting the format. fees. Support from companies their work in 2004, including the and Transport. Three IETF meetings whose products and services so Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), Internet Area The IETF EDU team manages IETF’s are held annually. In meetings or clearly depend on the standards Message Tracking Protocol, Instant In 2004 the Internet area was mailing list discussions, decisions internal education efforts that developed by the IETF is essential. Messaging and Presence, Extensible expanded to include four working are made based not on formal www.ietf.org, www.iab.org, www.iesg.org, Messaging and Presence Protocol, groups that had been formed with- are focused primarily on role and voting but on rough consensus. The www.irtf.org, www.iana.org MTA Authorisation Records in DNS, in the temporary Sub-IP area: the IESG considers standards. The speci- process education for IETF and Calendaring and Scheduling Virtual Private Network (L2VPN & fication documents of the Internet REVIEW OF IETF ACTIVITIES working groups. Two new working L3VPN), Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol participants and leaders. protocol suite, as defined by the DURING 2004 groups were chartered to produce (L2TPEXT), and Pseudo Wire IETF and the IESG, are published as Responsibilities include tutorials General Area specifications for Web syndication Emulation (PWE3) working groups. RFCs. The RFC editor prepares and In the General area, which mainly and mail filtering. publishes the RFCs and is responsi- Work continued on traditional for IETF newcomers, introductory looks after IETF process issues, ble for final editorial review of the AREA HIGHLIGHT Internet area efforts such as IP updated RFCs were approved sessions for working group chairs, standards in their definitive form. Atom: Syndicating Web content version 6 (IPv6) and Domain Name that set out the IETF’s intellectual The Atom Publishing Format and System Security (DNSSEC). By the and technical training. FUNDING property rules. Protocol working group started end of 2004, nearly all of the IPv6 ISOC provides a major source of AREA HIGHLIGHT work in 2004 on formalising the core specifications were at the Draft To find out more about the work of funding and support for the IETF How the IETF works with IPR specifications for a feed format for Standard level, indicating that the and its processes. Notably, ISOC the EDU team, refer to edu.ietf.org. IETF policies about intellectual representing and on a protocol for core IPv6 specifications are now funds 100 percent of the RFC Editor property rights (IPR), such as patent editing Web resources such as Web stable and widely implemented. function. Funding for these efforts rights, relative to technologies logs (blogs), online journals, Wikis, The Secure Neighbor Discovery is provided by ISOC Organisation developed in the IETF are designed and similar content. The feed (SEND) working group completed Members as well as ISOC’s Platinum to ensure that IETF working groups format facilitates syndication, which its charter, providing a mechanism Sponsors for Internet standards and participants have as much is the provision of a channel com- for securing the low-level mecha- programmes: APNIC, ARIN, RIPE information as possible about any bining information from multiple nism that IPv6 uses to map IPv6 NCC, and Microsoft. IPR constraints on a technical resources in a single document. addresses to MAC addresses in proposal. RFC 3978 (IETF Rights Typical uses for Atom feeds include most networks. The DNSSEC speci-

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

INTERNET ENGINEERING STEERING GROUP MEMBERS (2004) fication was nearly complete, with (NETCONF). The ISMS (Integrated their customers. Vendors need completion expected in early 2005. Security Model for SNMP) working guidelines on which security fea- Internet Architecture Board (IAB) IETF Chair DNSSEC offers a practical approach group was started (housed in the tures and functionality are critical Members, 2004 Harald Alvestrand, Cisco for securing the Domain Name Security area) to try to improve for operators to be able to reach Leslie Daigle, VeriSign (IAB Chair) Applications Area System (DNS), a critical piece of operational aspects of SNMPv3 and Bernard Aboba, Microsoft that goal. The OPSEC working Ted Hardie, Qualcomm Harald Alvestrand, Cisco (IETF Chair) the Internet infrastructure. to try to integrate better with exist- group will produce a list of capabili- Scott Hollenbeck, VeriSign Rob Austein, Internet Systems ing and commonly deployed securi- ties appropriate for ISP networks AREA HIGHLIGHT Consortium Internet Area ty infrastructures. Furthermore, two NEMO: A new standard for and enterprise networks. Patrik Fältström, Cisco Thomas Narten, IBM new working groups were started Sally Floyd, ICIR network mobility Margaret Wasserman, ThingMagic within the Operations and Routing Area Mark Handley, University College Mobility work also continued Operations and Management Management area: OPSEC Two new working groups were London within the Internet area, with an Bob Hinden, Nokia Area (Operational Security Capabilities created in the Routing area in emphasis on enabling fast handoff Geoff Huston, APNIC David Kessens, Nokia for IP Network Infrastructure) and 2004: The Routing Area working Bert Wijnen, Lucent and routing optimisation in mobile Jun-ichiro Itojun Hagino, IIJ RADIUS EXTensions (radext). group (RTGWG) was chartered to IP (MIP) networks. A new standard Eric Rescorla, RTFM Routing Area host a number of smaller projects in Pete Resnick, Qualcomm for Network Mobility (NEMO) was AREA HIGHLIGHT Bill Fenner, AT&T the Routing area, including one on Jonathan Rosenberg, Dynamicsoft Alex Zinin, Alcatel published that allows entire net- Defining the security features IP fast-reroute technologies. The works, such as those that might be for tomorrow’s networks Ex Officio Security Area Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Vern Paxson, ICIR (IRTF Chair) found on a boat or airplane, to The Internet is being recognised Steven Bellovin, AT&T Labs–Research (BFD) working group was chartered Russ Housley, Vigil Security change their point of attachment to as a critical infrastructure similar Liaisons to specify a generic protocol for Joyce Reynolds, ISI (RFC Editor Liaison) the Internet. A new working group, in nature to the power grid and Transport Area bidirectional forwarding detection. Lynn St. Amour, ISOC (ISOC Liaison) Allison Mankin, Shinkuro Detecting Network Attachment was a potable water supply. Just like BFD is a protocol intended to detect Bert Wijnen, Lucent (IESG Liaison) Jon Peterson, NeuStar started to explore mechanisms for those infrastructures, means are faults in the bidirectional path detecting changes to the point of needed to provide the Internet with Liaison and Ex Officio Members between two forwarding engines, Leslie Daigle, VeriSign (IAB Chair) network attachment, particularly in resiliency and adaptability so that including physical interfaces, subin- Barbara Fuller, Foretec Seminars mobile or wireless networks. it remains consistently available (IETF Executive Director) to the public throughout the world terfaces, data links, and, to the Michelle Cotton, Internet Assigned Operations and Management even during times of duress or extent possible, the forwarding Numbers Authority (IANA Liaison) Area attack. Network operators need the engines themselves, with potentially Joyce Reynolds, ISI (RFC Editor Liaison) In the Operations and Management appropriate feature sets and tools very low latency. It operates inde- Rob Austein, Internet Systems Consortium (IAB Liaison) area, the Policy Framework working on their infrastructure devices to pendently of media, data protocols, group concluded its work and was ensure that they can effectively and routing protocols. An addi- closed. In the area of Network deploy and manage their networks tional goal is to provide a single Management, work continued on securely while maintaining the abili- mechanism that can be used for the Network Configuration protocol ty to provide reliable service for liveness detection over any media,

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RELATED ORGANISATIONS: IETF

at any protocol layer, and with a MIKEY key management protocol rooted at IANA but managed by Transport Area wide range of detection times and was published. In support of the RIRs. IANA allocates IP address In 2004 the Transport area had overhead so as to avoid a prolifera- European PKI initiatives, the X.509 space to the RIRs, which in turn many noteworthy events, including tion of different methods. certificate profile for Qualified allocate IP address space to ISPs, publication of the IP storage Certificates was updated. In support which may allocate IP address space protocols (iSCSI and the Fiber Two working groups completed of the Global Grid Forum, the X.509 to downstream providers, customers, Channel over TCP/IP) RFCs, Real- work in 2004: BGMP (Border Gate- certificate profile for Proxy Certifi- and so on. RFC 3779 (X.509 Exten- Time Transport Protocol (RTP) way Multicast Protocol) and MSDP cates was published. An X.509 sions for IP Addresses and AS Identi- Full Standard, Secure Real-Time (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol). As a standardisation body, the IETF certificate extension to indicate the fiers) is intended to add an extra Transport Protocol (SRTP), and During the year, a number of RFCs focuses on the development of assignment of IP address blocks and level of security to this process. The Procedures for Modifying the were published, including specifica- Autonomous System (AS) numbers RFC describes X.509 v3 certificate Resource Reservation Protocol. protocols used in IP-based networks. tions for BGMP and MPLS (Multi- New working groups were set up was specified. The hope is that extensions that bind either a list of protocol Label Switching) fast reroute. for TCP oversight (TCPM), Its unique process is based on IANA and the RIRs will employ this IP address blocks or a list of AS Emergency Context Resolution Security Area extension in a manner that will identifiers to a certificate, thereby “rough consensus and running code.” using Internet Technologies (ECRIT), In the Security area, all of the enable ISPs to validate the assign- facilitating verification of the authority which takes advantage of the S/MIME specifications were updated ment of Internet address space. of a body to transfer custodianship location/privacy technology work to reflect current practice, support- AREA HIGHLIGHT of the specified Internet resources. passed by the Applications area ing the dominant use of RSA for Enhanced security for allocating This is an example of an IETF stan- in 2004 and Network address signature and key management. Internet resources dards activity aimed at supporting translator guidance (BEHAVE). Support for AES was also added. In IP address space is currently and enhancing the current successful support of multicast security, the managed by a hierarchy nominally Internet administration processes.

FUTURE INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AREAS TO WATCH

Fending off public network predation. People and systems that take advantage of the Networking while on the go. Mobility at all levels is required in order to adequately support Internet’s essentially open nature are creating spam, denial-of-service attacks, and deliberate the modern networker. The architectural challenge is to ensure that various levels of the protocol attempts to mislead end users with false network identifiers (phishing and pharming). stack can support the distinction between an identifier (which is invariant) and a locator (which The technical challenges are to continue to support the inherent liberty that fosters Internet will update), even as the basic definition of what constitutes a network host evolves. growth while curtailing these activities.

Blogging: content or revolution? Web logs (blogs) are recognised primarily for their dynamic content. However, their next step could be to challenge the boundaries of the application that hosts them. The IAB held a messaging workshop in the autumn of 2004 and discussed potential directions for the evolution of Internet-based communications.

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

RELATED ORGANISATIONS PUBLIC INTEREST REGISTRY

PUBLIC INTEREST PIR contributes to, supports, • To educate the non-profit In the area of education, .ORG REGISTRY SUPPORTS ISOC’S and enhances ISOC’s mission and community and the public support has made possible certain MISSIONP AND PROGRAMMES programmes by contributing at large about technology and initiatives such as the ISOC Workshop Resource Centre and A major source of programme surpluses generated by .ORG the Internet and to encourage domain registration revenues to regional network training work- funding for many of ISOC’s others to do the same the sponsorship of ISOC-managed shops in many parts of the world. initiatives is the Public Interest • To stimulate and facilitate programmes in line with the All of these activities are examples Registry (PIR), a not-for-profit effective use of the Internet following common purposes of of ways ISOC supports public corporation created by ISOC in by non-profit organisations .ORG support enables ISOC ISOC and PIR: interest programmes with the 2002 with ISOC as its sole member. and others proceeds of .ORG domain name to develop and promote • To facilitate and support the ISOC was awarded the privilege of continuing evolution of the In the area of public policy, .ORG revenues generated by PIR. programmes and communication operating .ORG as the result of a Internet as a research, education, support enables ISOC to develop Afilias Limited, a global leader activities in support of competitive bid process conducted and communication infrastruc- and promote programmes and in advanced domain name by the Internet Corporation for ture and to stimulate involvement communication activities in support registry services, provides registry an open Internet. Assigned Names and Numbers of the non-profit community and of an open Internet. In 2004 that support services for PIR and (ICANN). others in the continuing growth effort was concentrated on the is an ISOC Platinum member. PIR’s mission is to manage the and evolution of the Internet WSIS and WGIG activities. www.pir.org, www.afilias.org .ORG domain in an exemplary manner and to ensure that it is the home for non-commercial entities on the Internet.

Through ISOC, PIR has the benefit of long-established and well- recognised mechanisms in place for responding to and involving non-commercial Internet users.

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PLANS FOR THE FUTURE

In 2005 ISOC will continue to grow its

PLANS FOR THE FUTURE ISOC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES role in the policy area. A specific focus will be on cooperation with partners,

ISOC pursues its mission and making the fruits of that process ongoing administrative restructuring process, and results of government members, and Chapters to defend the upholds its core values through freely available to everyone. activities, including the appointment or government-sponsored activities programmesI and projects that of the IETF’s first Administrative that affect either directly or indir- current successful consensus-based ISOC’s goals for standards are designed to achieve specific Director. As the umbrella organisa- ectly the way the Internet operates, programmes are: processes that support Internet objectives. The goal of each tion for the IETF, ISOC will provide evolves, or is used. programme is clearly and directly • To ensure the integrity and the organisational and financial administration. ISOC is ideally posi- In pursuing its public policy objec- related to the achievement of continuity of the environment framework for the IETF to be able tives, ISOC operates collaboratively tioned to reach out to government within which the IETF pursues its to conduct its important work in the ISOC’s mission, and the operating and inclusively, working with gov- open, inclusive, and transparent development of Internet standards. representatives and policy makers plan for each programme is gov- ernments, national and international bottom-up model of Internet erned by ISOC’s core values. These ISOC will also help ensure that IETF organisations, and other parties to and to play a bridging role between standards development goals and objectives link the ISOC standards become widely dissemi- reach decisions about the Internet Internet technology and policy. mission (theory) to specific pro- • To ensure that the Internet nated and will continue cooperating that conform to ISOC’s core values. grammes and projects (practice). standards process is accessible with respected technical experts to ISOC’s goals for programmes within to every person who wishes bring technical information to a wide In conjunction with ISOC’s extensive In each area, a strategic plan asserts the public policy area are: to participate an ambitious objective that serves audience. As part of these activities, network of respected technical and • To adopt, assert, and defend both to arouse the expectation of • To make information about the ISOC will launch a new publication policy positions consistent with policy specialists, ISOC will continue significant, meaningful accomplish- Internet standards process and to explain current developments in ISOC’s mission and core values ment and to motivate all of the its products freely and widely the world of IETF standards. training and education activities programmes and projects ISOC available to everyone • To promote awareness of public PUBLIC POLICY that target policy makers. This is undertakes within that area. policy issues and activities that ISOC’s ambitious objective in the ISOC’s activities in the public policy affect the Internet an essential step towards ensuring STANDARDS standards area is universal recogni- area support ISOC’s mission by up- tion (1) of the IETF as the forum for ISOC’s ambitious objective in the ISOC’s activities in the standards holding and defending core values that policy makers are equipped with development of core Internet stan- public policy area is to promote, area support the ISOC mission by in local, national, and international dards and (2) of the IETF process as support, and defend the following a good understanding of the techni- upholding the model of Internet public policy forums, where deci- the best model for development of sions are made that affect the ability five abilities on behalf of all Internet standards development that max- cal functions of the Internet in order all Internet standards. of people throughout the world to users: imises participation and delivers enjoy the benefits of the Internet. to enable them to make the most- the greatest benefits to people During 2005, ISOC will work • The Ability to Connect. The throughout the world and by together with the IETF to finalise its ISOC focuses on the context, edge-dominant end-to-end appropriate policy decisions possible.

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

architecture of the Internet is Internet application that can be ability of competitors to provide education area is to bring accurate essential to the Internet’s utility used by anyone. ISOC recognises new, better, cheaper, or more- and reliable information about as a platform for innovation, the enormous value of such innovative Internet-related services. the Internet and assistance with creativity, and economic opportu- innovation and will oppose ISOC advocates policies that Internet deployment and use to nity. To preserve this quality, ISOC government or non-government promote competition in telecom- everyone everywhere in an acces- will oppose efforts to establish restrictions on the evolution munications, Internet services, sible local context (including standards or practices that would and use of Internet technology. Internet-related software, and language, culture, medium, and SANOG IV make it difficult or impossible e-commerce applications. economics). instructors in • The Ability to Share. The many- for some users of the Internet Kathmandu, to-many architecture of the to use the full range of Internet EDUCATION Nepal. Internet makes it a powerful tool applications of all kinds. ISOC’s activities in the education for sharing, education, and area support ISOC’s mission by • The Ability to Speak. The Internet collaboration. It has enabled the bringing essential Internet-related is a powerful mass medium for global Open Source community ISOC will continue to support regional information and training to people self-expression that depends on to develop and enhance key activities and operator groups to build throughout the world. the ability of its users to speak components of the Internet— local self-sustaining technical commu- freely. ISOC holds that the such as the Domain Name System ISOC’s goals for education Internet must support private— and the World Wide Web—and programmes are: nities. ISOC will work with the Network and when appropriate, anony- has made the vision of digital • To provide and distribute infor- October, 2004, ccTLD workshop in Bangkok, Thailand. Instructor Pensri Startup Resource Center to expand mous—means of communication libraries a reality. To preserve mation related to the Internet Arunwatanamongkol assists workshop and collaboration among individ- those benefits ISOC will oppose and its technologies to individuals content and develop new features for student Flavio Neves, Administrative POC uals and groups and will oppose technologies and legislation that and to public and private organi- for .TL (East Timor) the ISOC Workshop Resource Centre. efforts to restrict the type or con- would inhibit the freedom to sations, including governments tent of information exchanged develop and use open-source • To provide assistance with on the Internet. software or limit the well- ISOC will continue to work with those Internet deployment and use for In all of its activities, ISOC will established concept of fair use, • The Ability to Innovate. The people in technologically devel- continue soliciting and welcoming experts who contributed to the success which is essential to scholarship, remarkable growth of the oping countries and regions comments from members and education, and collaboration. of the 2004 ccTLD workshops. Material Internet and the limitless variety Chapters. Together, members and • To promote the development of of Internet applications follow • The Ability to Choose. Gover- Chapters constitute vital and active will be expanded and a registration self-sustaining communities able directly from the open model of nment regulation and the sources of local competence, to effectively deploy and exploit tool developed for use in operations. Internet connectivity and stan- economic power of incumbent expertise, and knowledge. local and regional education and dards development. Any individ- telecommunication monopolies The next ccTLD workshops will target training resources ual, organisation, or company can delay or prevent the growth regions with the highest needs. can develop and distribute a new of the Internet by limiting the ISOC’s ambitious objective in the

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MEMBERS, CHAPTERS, AND PARTNERS

MEMBERS, CHAPTERS, AND PARTNERS GLOBAL PRESENCE, LOCAL STRENGTH

ISOC’s Individual Members, as an Individual Member. ISOC has time and talent to ISOC’s develop- perspectives on developments and Chapters, and Organisation Members two Individual Membership levels. ment. In addition, Individual Mem- issues that affect the evolution of promoteI and pursue ISOC’s mission Individuals may join ISOC as Global bers are encouraged to participate the Internet. The Chapter relation- in all parts of the Internet commu- Members free of charge or choose in Chapters, thereby enriching the ship is very much a two-way street: In 1995 a group of Catalan entrepre- nity and all parts of the world. ISOC to join ISOC as Sustaining Members ISOC community through service. Chapters are effective local and also partners collaboratively with and pay an annual membership fee. regional agents of the ISOC mission neurs co-founded one of the first ISOC CHAPTERS other organisations that share its In addition to the benefits enjoyed and also important sources of the Chapters. Since then, the most signifi- vision and core values. by Global Members, Sustaining Internet Society Chapters are organ- information that informs that Members are eligible to participate ised voluntarily by members who mission. Like members, Chapters cant benefit I’ve enjoyed by being an INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS in the election of several ISOC reside in a particular geographic are partners that participate in the ISOC member is the ability to contact The Internet Society was founded in trustees. region—such as a city, country, or pursuit of our joint mission. 1992 as an individual-membership larger geographic area—or share an those who’ve faced the same problems ISOC’s 21,000 Individual Members Chapters enable members to be organisation for people who believe interest in a common subject—such form a diverse worldwide community personally involved in the future of I’m facing. Most people think of the in the potential of the Internet to as disabilities or special needs. of people who believe in the ISOC the Internet. They bring a sharper Internet as a hardware network—a improve the lives of everyone every- vision, are committed to ISOC’s Chapters are approved by ISOC and more personal focus to local where, and Individual Members in under procedures developed to mission, and embrace ISOC’s core and regional issues affecting the collection of routers and telecom all parts of the world continue to values. Some are interested profes- empower locally meaningful activity Internet, and they provide opportu- links. I like to point out that one of play important operational and sionally in the Internet and its tech- while retaining an overall commit- nities for those issues to be recog- strategic roles in ISOC. ISOC differs ment to the joint achievement of nology, many are simply concerned nised. Chapters also offer opportu- the most valuable aspects of the from traditional membership organ- about the role that the evolving ISOC’s common mission. They are nities for members to network with isations—which typically focus Internet will play in their lives and expected to serve the interests of other Internet-oriented people and Internet is the network of outstanding mainly on serving their members— their specific geographic or non- in their communities. ISOC links all to participate in locally organised individuals who are ready to help in that ISOC’s primary mission is of its members to each other and geographic segment of the global programmes and events that pro- to support the development of the to the many companies, organisa- Internet community in a manner mote ISOC’s core values. each other. ISOC plays an important Internet. ISOC members are part- consistent with ISOC’s mission. tions, and government bodies that www.isoc.org/chapters/ role in bringing these people together. ners who participate in the pursuit are shaping the future of the Internet. The roles of Chapters are both to of the ISOC mission. —Dr. Andreu Veà, co-founder and former Throughout ISOC’s history, Individual locally and regionally amplify ISOC’s President, ISOC Catalan chapter. Currently Vice Anyone who agrees to the ISOC Members have served ISOC as efforts to achieve its mission and to President, ISOC Spain chapter. Code of Conduct may join ISOC volunteers, generously contributing infuse ISOC with local and regional

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

ISOC CHAPTERS WORLDWIDE

Africa Europe Latin America and the 1. Benin 29. Belgium Caribbean 2. Cameroon 30. Belgium–Wallonia 55. Argentina 3. Egypt 31. Bulgaria 56. Brazil 4. Gambia 32. Catalan 57. Colombia 5. Ghana 33. Denmark 58. Ecuador The Internet Society was formed 6. Mali 34. England 59. Mexico 7. Mauritius 35. Finland 60. Peru to reflect the society that the Internet 8. Morocco 36. France 61. Puerto Rico 9. Niger 37. Germany 62. Venezuela creates. We now know that it creates 10. Nigeria 38. Greece Northern America 11. Senegal 39. Hungary 63. Canada many societies and communities. 12. South Africa 40. Ireland 64. Canada–Quebec 13. Uganda 41. Italy 65. Canada–Toronto I consider myself to be a member Asia 42. Luxembourg 66. U.S.A.–Chicago 43. Netherlands of many of the societal groups that 14. Bahrain 67. U.S.A.–Hawaii 15. Bangladesh 44. Norway 68. U.S.A.–Los Angeles are found on the Internet. 16. Georgia 45. Poland 69. U.S.A.–New Jersey 17. India–Delhi 46. Scotland 70. U.S.A.–New York —Vinton G. Cerf 18. Indonesia 47. Slovenia Metro 48. Spain Senior Vice President, Technology Strategy, MCI, 19. Israel 71. U.S.A.–South-Central 49. Spain–Aragon and co-founder of the Internet Society ISOC is a meeting of minds and trends that are shaping the Internet. 20. Japan Texas 21. Pakistan 50. Spain–Asturias 72. U.S.A.–Washington, It is an organisation whose role in the global debate about the Internet 22. Palestine 51. Spain–Galicia D.C. 52. Spain–Madrid 23. Philippines Oceania ISOC is the organisation that and its coordination makes it uniquely relevant to governments, civil society, 53. Sweden 24. Saudi Arabia 73. Australia 25. South Korea 54. Switzerland–Geneva supports development of an Internet the technical community, and the business world. There isn’t a sector 74. Pacific Islands 26. Taiwan Non-geographic 27. Thailand that actually works, built on a sound of society that doesn’t in some way benefit from ISOC’s insights, publications, Disability and 28. Turkey Special Needs technical base, with an end-to-end training workshops, stewardship of the IETF, or public policy activities.

structure that delivers substantial —Dr. Alejandro Pisanty President, ISOC Mexico chapter benefit to users all around the world.

—Tony Hill President, ISOC Australia chapter

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MEMBERS, CHAPTERS, AND PARTNERS

ISOC CHAPTERS WORLDWIDE

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

ORGANISATION MEMBERS tions; foundations; educational ORGANISATION MEMBERS THAT SUPPORTED THE INTERNET Organisation Members attune ISOC institutions; government agencies; SOCIETY DURING 2004 and other national and international to the broad range of Internet stan- ACOnet Hitachi Nortel dards, public policy, and infrastruc- organisations that share ISOC’s com- Afilias Hungarnet Northwestern University ture interests of the private sector, mitment to an open and accessible Alcatel IAjapan NTT of civil society, and of non-commer- Internet. Financial and institutional As an industry we rely on the APNIC IBM Nysernet cial, government, and non-govern- support by those organisations is crit- OKI Electric ongoing efforts of individuals ment institutions. Their perspective ical to the success of ISOC’s standards, ARIN IEEE education, and public policy activities. Association for INFN-CNAF O’Reilly & Associates in the IETF to discuss, debate, and is infused with the well-developed Computing Machinery RIPE NCC insight of organisations that in ISOC welcomes Organisation Informatics and provide solutions to the myriad Assumption University Telematics Institute SBC Laboratories, Inc. one way or another depend on Members at several different levels of Thailand Intel the global Internet for their success. of annual financial support and Sendmail problems we are faced with. Ausregistry Representatives of each member receives general and directed grants Interisle Consulting Group S.H.G.S. Avici We owe it to the IETF and the organisation bring that perspective to that are offered in addition to mem- Internet Initiative Japan Sida ISOC through the Advisory Council. CERN Internet community at large to play bership fees. Organisation Members Internet2 Siemens Cisco ISOC’s Organisation Members enhance ISOC’s credibility and author- Japan Network SITA our part in supporting these activities. CNRI include corporations; non-profit, ity by endorsing ISOC and its mission. Information Centre Skyarch Coalition for Networked As part of our overall commitment, trade, and professional organisa- www.isoc.org/orgs/ Japan Registry Service Co. Songnetworks Information Ken Stubbs Internet Stockholm University we recently increased Alcatel’s Core Presence Consultant Sunet Denic membership status in the Internet Lombard Odier Darier Sun Microsystems DISA Hentsch Surfnet Society to that of a Silver Member, Dubai Municipality Lucent Swiss Federal Office and we encourage other Dynamicsoft Matsushita Electric of Communications Ecma MCI Swisscom organisations to do the same. EDUCAUSE Mentat Switch —Scott Nelson Ericsson Microsoft TERENA CTO, Alcatel’s Fixed Communications Group ETRI Motorola Thales ETSI NEC UKERNA Geneva Financial Centre NOB Uni-C Gibtelecom Nokia University of Washington Google Nominet VanDyke Software Hewlett-Packard NORDUnet WIDE

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MEMBERS, CHAPTERS, AND PARTNERS

ISOC’S PLATINUM • Participate in the governance of Internet number resources in PROGRAMME of ISOC via the selection of their respective service regions. ISOC’s Platinum programme up to six Board of Trustees www.apnic.org www.arin.net enables supporters to dedicate their members, with voting weighted www.ripencc.net by membership level contributions to specific areas of RIPE NCC’s choice to become activity. Funds are placed in a • Provide major financial Microsoft, founded in 1975, a Platinum Member of ISOC restricted account as determined and organisational support is a worldwide leader in software, services and solutions. by the designation made by the for the IETF reflected our members’ view of the Platinum member and will be used www.microsoft.com • Participate in and support importance of the work of the IETF for the purposes designated. ISOC’s worldwide education PUBLIC POLICY Platinum sponsorship annual fees programmes Afilias is a global leader in and the RFC editor. Over the years begin at US$100,000 and are advanced back-end domain name • Participate in the develop- our cooperation has intensified, discounted by 50 percent for non- registry services and provides a ment of ISOC’s global public profit organisations. wide range of advanced capabilities particularly through joint activities policy positions essential to the smooth and Benefits for Platinum programme surrounding WSIS. In our view, • Support the publication of efficient operation of any Internet sponsors include opportunities to: Member Briefings to educate domain name registry. Afilias ISOC plays a vital role not only • Designate funds for sponsor- the public and media on basic services support the operation as a focal point for coordination ship of specific Internet activities issues of the Internet industry of the .ORG registry. and projects www.isoc.org/members/platinum.shtml www.afilias.org between the many parties that operate the Internet infrastructure • Be recognised prominently PLATINUM PROGRAMME EDUCATION on ISOC’s Web site and in MEMBERS AND THEIR AREAS Sida (the Swedish International but also through its significant ISOC publications OF SUPPORT DURING 2004 Development Cooperation Agency) is a government agency that outreach and educational efforts. • Use the ISOC logo and a INTERNET STANDARDS reports to Sweden’s Ministry for statement of Platinum sponsor- APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Infor- —Axel Pawlik Foreign Affairs. The goal of Sida’s ship status in the sponsor mation Centre), ARIN (American General Manager, RIPE NCC work is to improve the standard organisation’s marketing and Registry for Internet Numbers), and of living of poor people and, in promotional materials RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens– the long term, to eradicate poverty. Network Coordination Centre) are • Participate on ISOC’s Advisory www.sida.se Regional Internet Registries provid- Council ing services related to the technical coordination and management

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

31 DECEMBER, 2004 31 DECEMBER, 2003 ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $1,136,400 $480,077 Endowment–Public Interest Registry 3,365,827 4,225,828 Accounts receivable 51,422 200,734 Prepaid expenses 35,536 28,616

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 4,589,185 4,935,255 Furniture, equipment, leasehold (Net) 73,488 83,196

OTHER ASSETS Deposits 118,717 8,213

TOTAL ASSETS $4,781,390 $5,026,664

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts payable $191,086 $44,685 Accrued salaries and benefits 93,555 53,584 Security deposits payable 12,077 12,035 Deferred revenue 159,922 319,385

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 456,640 429,689

OTHER LIABILITIES Endowment payable–Public Interest Registry 3,365,827 4,225,828

TOTAL LIABILITIES 3,822,467 4,655,517

NET ASSETS Unrestricted 812,399 351,111 Temporarily restricted 146,524 20,036

TOTAL NET ASSETS 958,923 371,147

22 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS $4,781,390 $5,026,664 50991_RA_TEXT_ACG 7/13/05 3:29 PM Page 23

FINANCIAL REPORT

STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER, 2004 (WITH SUMMARIZED TOTALS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER, 2004)

TEMPORARILY UNRESTRICTED RESTRICTED TOTALS 2004 TOTALS 2003 REVENUE Programme support $2,400,000 – $2,400,000 $1,850,000 Organisation Members and Platinum sponsors 1,013,678 – 1,013,678 899,835 Individual Member donors 7,375 – 7,375 13,450 Individual Member dues 5,325 – 5,325 – Conferences and miscellaneous 100,082 224,316 324,398 201,482 Net assets released from restrictions 97,828 (97,828) – –

TOTAL REVENUE 3,624,288 126,488 3,750,776 2,964,767

EXPENSES Direct programme costs 2,516,953 – 2,516,953 1,802,894 General and administrative 626,047 – 626,047 515,920 Postel Award 20,000 – 20,000 20,000

TOTAL EXPENSES 3,163,000 – 3,163,000 2,338,814 Change in net assets 461,288 126,488 587,776 625,953 Net assets, beginning of year 351,111 20,036 371,147 (254,806)

NET ASSETS, END OF YEAR $812,399 $146,524 $958,923 $371,147

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INTERNET SOCIETY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT

NOTES ON FINANCIAL INFORMATION

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT • Temporarily restricted net assets operate the .ORG registry. Public service to the data communications ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND represent resources that have Interest Registry (PIR) was incorpo- community. The $20,000 Award GENERAL INFORMATION been donated and are to be rated as a Pennsylvania non-profit is given annually and is named after The Internet Society was incorpor- used in accordance with the corporation with the Internet Society Dr. Jonathan B. Postel, who embod- ated as a non-profit corporation in stipulations set by the donor. as its sole member. Soon after incor- ied technical expertise, extraordinary the District of Columbia on poration, PIR applied to the Internal leadership, and service to the com- Membership Dues December 11, 1992. The Society Revenue Service for tax-exempt munity during his 30-year career. Deferred revenue consists of mem- is exempt from Federal income tax status under Section 501 (c) (3) of bership dues collected in advance. Temporarily Restricted Net under Section 501 (c) (3) of the the Internal Revenue Code. In July Membership dues are recorded as Assets Internal Revenue Code. The Internet 2004, PIR received a favourable ruling deferred revenue upon receipt and Temporarily restricted net assets at Society is not a private foundation. from the IRS and was granted tax- recognised as revenue ratably over exempt status. In January 2003, the December 31, consist of: the period to which the dues relate. Cash and Cash Equivalents Internet Society became custodian 2004 2003 For purposes of cash flows, the Platinum Sponsors of a $5,000,000 grant given to them Security Expert Internet Society considers all cash Platinum donations are recognised on behalf of PIR. The grant is to Initiative (EU) $146,450 – on hand, cash in banks and cash when committed by the donor. The be distributed evenly in the amount Jonathan B. Postel invested with a short-term maturity of $833,333 per year plus accrued revenue is recorded as temporarily Service Award 74 20,036 of three months or less to be cash restricted, since the donor stipulates interest through 2008. Funds are equivalents. the use of the donated funds. When to establish an endowment to fund Net Assets Released from Classification of Net Assets a donor restriction is accomplished, future operating costs of PIR. If PIR Restriction Net assets of the Internet Society temporarily restricted net assets are loses its status as the operator of Net assets which were released are reported in two self-balancing reclassified to unrestricted net assets the .ORG registry, the remaining from restrictions by incurring groups: and reported in the statement of endowment will be transferred to expenses, which satisfied the activities and change in net assets as the successor registry operator. restrictions specified by the donor: • Unrestricted net assets represent net assets released from restrictions. 2004 2003 funds that are available for the Awards Security Expert support of the Internet Society’s Related Party Transaction The Jonathan B. Postel Service Award Initiative (EU) $77,828 – operations. They include contri- October 7, 2002 the Internet Society was established by the Internet butions received without donor- formed a separate but related entity Society to honour those who have Jonathan B. Postel imposed restrictions. known as Public Interest Registry to made outstanding contributions in Service Award 20,000 20,000

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FOR MORE INFORMATION

About ISOC Education Publications ISOC Strategic Operating Plan ISOC Education Programs ISOC Information Bulletins www.isoc.org/isoc/ www.isoc.org/edu/ www.isoc.org/news/ ISOC Financial Statements ISOC Workshop Resource Centre ISOC Member Briefings www.isoc.org/isoc/fin/ ws.edu.isoc.org www.isoc.org/briefings/

ISOC Board of Trustees Membership ISP Column www.isoc.org/isoc/general/trustees/ Individual Membership www.isoc.org/pubs/isp/ ISOC Staff www.isoc.org/members/ Articles of Interest www.isoc.org/isoc/general/staff/ Organisation Membership www.isoc.org/pubs/int/ www.isoc.org/orgs/ Standards Press ISOC Internet Standards Programs ISOC Advisory Council Press Releases www.isoc.org/standards/ www.isoc.org/orgs/ac.shtml www.isoc.org/isoc/media/releases/ Internet Engineering Task Force Platinum Programme Conferences www.ietf.org www.isoc.org/members/ INET'04 platinum.shtml www.isoc.org/inet04/ Internet Architecture Board www.iab.org ISOC Chapters NDSS'04 www.isoc.org/chapters/ www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ Public Policy ndss/04/ ISOC Chapter News ISOC Public Policy Programs www.isoc.org/members/newsletters/ www.isoc.org/policy/ Public Interest Registry ISOC Member Surveys www.pir.org World Summit on the Information www.isoc.org/members/surveys/ Society (WSIS), Working Group About the Internet Photos courtesy of on Internet Governance (WGIG) ISOC Discussion Groups Histories of the Internet AfNOG, Hervey Allen, Bruce www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/wsis/ www.isoc.org/members/discuss/ www.isoc.org/internet/history/ Campbell, Joan Cortadellas, Egyptian Ministry of Communi- cations and Information Technology, Fundació Barcelona Digital, Patrik Fältström, Steve Huter, the Internet JOIN ISOC TODAY! WWW. ISOC. ORG Society, and Amanda Thomsen. 50991_RA_COVER_ACG 7/13/05 3:30 PM Page 4

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