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Fish Diveristy in Umbleybylu and Narasimha Rajapura, Back Water of Bhadra Rservoir, Karnatka, India

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Fish Diveristy in Umbleybylu and Narasimha Rajapura, Back Water of Bhadra Rservoir, Karnatka, India International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X FISH DIVERISTY IN UMBLEYBYLU AND NARASIMHA RAJAPURA, BACK WATER OF BHADRA RSERVOIR, KARNATKA, INDIA. 1H M Ashashree, 1K L Naik and *1H A Sayeswara 1Department of Zoology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Shivamogga, Karnataka E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] , [email protected], Abstract: River is the main part of the conveyor that carries water forms the higher parts of the earth to the lower parts. The present study deals with the fish biodiversity of Umbleybyllu and Narashimha Rajapura form March 2017 to May 2018. Altogether 23 species from Narasimha Rajapura and 27 species form Umbleyblyu were recorded respectively these species belonging to different orders. The predominant orders of fishes in these areas are Cypriniformes, Siluriformes and Perciformes. The fishes recorded were found to be widely distributed and were present in good numbers in the river. Keywords: Bhadra River, Umbleybyllu, Narasimha Rajapura, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes INTRODUCTION: Fish is a major protein rich food source for humans around the world. The Indian subcontinent has a large number of rivers. Biodiversity conservation necessitates knowledge on the diversity of animals and plants, their distribution status. The Western Ghats in India is one of the 25th richest mega biodiversity hot spot of the world. There is a need for the survey of biodiversity of fishes in different types of habitats all over the country (Jayaram, 1981). Fish is a major protein rich food source for humans around the world. There are to date around 25,000 known fish species of which15, 000 are marine, that includes estuarine fishes, and nearly 10,000 are freshwater (Holmlund, 1999). According to 1996-IUCN red list of threatened animals, 84% freshwater fishes are threatened and 20% are extinct which belong to 3 genera, 27 species and 13 sub species (Calestousjuma, 2002). Barring few studies on the icthyofauna of few reservoirs, rivers tanks, estuaries, no scientific observations have been carried out Karnataka to assess the status of fish and fishery potentials, prepare a list of threatened species and enforce conservational measures. Reservoirs present a good opportunity for studying the effect of scale on the relative importance of factors that determine diversity. The present study areas of water body is situated at 13o42| N latitude and 75o38| E longitude located near Lakkavalli town of Chikmaglore district, Karnataka and the confluence of the Bhadra River. The water of the reservoir is used for 1 Volume 8, Issue 2, 2019 Page No: 148 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X producing electricity, fishery and tourism activities. On our present study on this attempt has been made to prepare up to the date of inventory of fishes in these study areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monthly collections of fish were made from the site with the help of local fishermen by fishing nets, during the period March 2017 to May 20-18. The collected fishes were preserved in 4% formalin and brought to the laboratory for identification. The collected fishes were identified and measurements like total length, snout length and head length were taken, and identified following Jayaram and Jhingran (1981). Water sampling The water was analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics, collected between 7 to 9am once a month. During the study period, a water sample measuring 2 liters was collected for the analysis of physico-chemical parameters. Standard methods were adopted for the analysis of water samples (APHA, 1998). Conservation status and relative abundance Red list of threatened fish species was made according to the report by (IUCN, 2014). The relative abundance of the fish was classified in to three categories: Abundant (+ + +) constitute 71-100% of total catch, Moderate (+ +) constitute 36-70% of the total catch Rare (+) constitute 1-35% of the total catch, assuming the fish efforts constant for each catch. Result and discussion: The fish fauna is an important aspect of fishery potential of a water body. It was observed that the distribution of fish species is quite variable because of geographical and geological conditions. India’s inland water resources are diversified, as they are plentiful. Reservoirs contribute the single largest inland fishery resources both in terms of size and production potential. Fish fauna of a reservoir basically represents the fish diversity and their abundance. Indian reservoirs preserve a rich variety of fish species, which supports to the commercial fisheries. The species diversity is peak in post monsoon, coinciding with favorable conditions such as sufficient water and ample food resources. The diversity was low in premonsoon probably due to the shrinkage of the water spread of the reservoir. The diversity of the fishes mainly depends upon the biotic and abiotic factors and type of the ecosystem, age of the water body, mean depth, water level fluctuations, morph-metric features and bottom have great implications. The hydro-biological features of the collection centers also play an effective role in fisheries output to a greater extent. Among the species of fishes in both study areas, the order Cypriniformes was the most dominant in the assemblage composition with followed by Perciformes and Siluriformes, (Table-1 2 Volume 8, Issue 2, 2019 Page No: 149 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X and 2). The present results get support from other workers like Yadav, (1997), Sakhare, (2001), Sakhare, and Joshi, (2002), Wakid and Biswas (2005) A. N. Shendge (2007) and Venkatshwarlu et al,(2007). The present study suggests that Bhadra Reservoir has a rich fish fauna. The availability of a good number of fish species and their production in the study areas may be related to the suitable ecology of the water body, which provides proper breeding ground for fish. This also suggests that the water parameters of the river are within the favorable limits for fish and fisheries practices. The species diversity reported in the present study shows marked similarity with the earlier studies on fish diversity from the same geo-climatic region of the state. Table :1 Different types of fish species of Umblebylu area S. Order Family Scientific name Common name Abundan IUCN N. ce Status 1 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius puschellus (Day, 1870) Olive barb +++ LC 2 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius kolus (Sykes in 1839) Kolus ++ VU 3 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius chola (Hamilton, 1822) Chola barb ++ LC 4 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius deccanensis (Gazdani & B. Rao, 1870) Deccan barb + CR 5 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) Reba carp +++ LC 7 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) Major carp ++ LC 8 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Rohu +++ LC 9 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Labeo karwrus (Sykes, 1839) Deccan labeo ++ LC 10 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) Orange fin labeo ++ 11 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cirrhinus fulungee (Sykes, 1839) Deccan white carp +++ LC 12 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cirrhina mrigala (Bloch, 1795) Mrigal carp ++ NE 13 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cirrhina reba (Day 1878) Mrigal carp ++ NE 14 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Goproktopterux kolus (Sykes, 1839) Kolus barb + Vu 15 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Gowri +++ Vu 16 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Davrio dan Saslu ++ LR 17 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Crassocheilus latius latius (Hamilton, 1822) Genetic latia ++ LC 3 Volume 8, Issue 2, 2019 Page No: 150 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X 18 Osteoglossiformes Notopteridae Notopterus chitala (Hamilton, 1822)(Chitala Clown Knife fishes + NE chitala) 19 Osteoglossiformes Notopteridae Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) Chamari + LC 20 Perciformes channidae Channa striatus – (Hamilaton 1822) Snakehead murrel ++ LC 21 Perciformes channidae Channa marulius Bullseye ++ LC (Hamilaton 1822) 22 Perciformes channidae Channa punctatus (Hamilton 1822) Spotted snakehead ++ LC 23 Perciformes cichlidae Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nile tilapia ++ LC 24 Siluriformes Claridae Clarius batrachus(Linnaeus, 1758) Magur ++ LC 25 Siluriformes Bagridae Mystus cavasius (Hamiltion 1822) Girlu +++ EN 26 Siluriformes Bagridae Mystus seenghala (Sykes 1839) Bili suragi ++ 27 Siluriformes Bagridae Sperata seenghala (Sykes 1839) belli suragi ++ LC NE-Not Evaluated, LC-Lease Concern, NE-Near Threatened, Vu-Vulnerable, CR-Critical Endangered, +++ - Abundant, ++ - Moderate, + -Less Table :2 Different types of fish species of Narasimha Rajapura area S. Order Family Scientific name Common name Abund IUCN N. ance Status 1 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius chola Hamilton, 1822 Chola barb ++ LC 2 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius sophore Hamilton, 1822 Reba carp +++ LC 3 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Catla catla Hamilton, 1822 Major carp ++ LC 4 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822 Rohu +++ LC 5 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cirrhina mrigala Bloch, 1795 Mrigal carp ++ NE 4 Volume 8, Issue 2, 2019 Page No: 151 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X 6 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Goproktopterux kolus Sykes, 1839 Kolus barb + Vu 7 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio gowri +++ LR-IC 8 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Garra gotyla (gray 1830) kalmura ++ LC 9 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Puntius chola (F. Hametton, 1982) Parake ++ LC 10 Cypriniformes Cyprinidae
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