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A New Autumn-Flowering Species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Croatia

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A New Autumn-Flowering Species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Croatia See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225673232 A New Autumn-Flowering Species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Croatia Article in Folia Geobotanica · March 2009 DOI: 10.1007/s12224-009-9032-2 CITATIONS READS 16 443 4 authors, including: Sandro Bogdanovic Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo University of Zagreb University of Catania 73 PUBLICATIONS 528 CITATIONS 112 PUBLICATIONS 921 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Cristina Salmeri Università degli Studi di Palermo 91 PUBLICATIONS 574 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: The Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv) View project FIR 2014 UNICT - BitBit project: taxonomic, biologic, phytochemical and agronomic characterization of the native populations of the gen. Bituminaria (Fabaceae) from the Mediterranean and Macaronesian region View project All content following this page was uploaded by Cristina Salmeri on 22 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Folia Geobot (2009) 44:83–93 DOI 10.1007/s12224-009-9032-2 A New Autumn-Flowering Species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Croatia Sandro Bogdanović & Salvatore Brullo & Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo & Cristina Salmeri # Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 2009 Abstract Here we describe Allium telmatum Bogdanović, Brullo, Giusso & Salmeri, a new species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum from North Dalmatia (Croatia). Its chromosome number (2n=32), karyotype, leaf anatomy, ecology and taxonomical relationships are examined. Several features, such as phenology (flowering in autumn), occurrence in coastal salt marshes, tetraploid chromosome number, and morphology, indicate that it is most closely related to the Tyrrhenian species Allium savii.Onthe basis of our herbarium survey, we present here a distribution map of the autumn- flowering species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum in the Mediterranean area. Keywords Allium telmatum . Allium sect. Codonoprasum . Dalmatia . Karyology . Leaf anatomy . Taxonomy Introduction The genus Allium L. comprises about 750 species naturally distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere (Stearn 1978, 1992). It is mostly limited to seasonally dry regions, with a main center of diversity in the Middle East and Central Asia, and a S. Bogdanović Department of Botany and Botanical Garden, Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] S. Brullo (*) : G. Giusso del Galdo Dipartimento di Botanica, Università di Catania, via A. Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy e-mail: [email protected] G. Giusso del Galdo e-mail: [email protected] C. Salmeri Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy e-mail: [email protected] 84 S. Bogdanović et al. smaller one in North America. The treatment of the genus Allium is quite complex, both from the taxonomical and nomenclatural viewpoints, because many subgenera and sections are recognized (Hanelt et al. 1992), and lots of species names and synonyms exist (Gregory et al. 1998). Taxa widely cultivated as a vegetable belong to Allium subgen. Allium (garlic, leek) and Allium subgen. Rhizirideum (G. Don ex Koch) Wendelbo (onion, chives, shallot), while many ornamental species and cultivars are found in Allium subgen. Melanocrommyum (Webb & Berthel.) Rouy. Relevant diagnostic characters include bulb morphology, leaf number, leaf shape and size, inflorescence structure, flower morphology (tepals, stamens and ovary with nectaries), as well as chromosome number, phenology and phytogeographical patterns. More recently, also chloroplast and nuclear DNA (ITS) data have been used to support the monophyletic origin of Allium, and to refine its taxonomy (Mes et al. 1999; Somoylov et al. 1999; Raamsdonk et al. 2003; Friesen et al. 2006; Nguyen et al. 2008). The genus Allium comprises 56 taxa (species and subspecies) distributed in Croatia (Nikolić 2008). Within the subgenus Allium, A. sect. Codonoprasum Reichenb. is one of the most interesting and hitherto less investigated section in this area, which includes several species, such as A. paniculatum L., A. flavum L., A. dentiferum Webb & Berthel., A. pallens L., A. oleraceum L., A. tenuiflorum Ten., and A. croaticum Bogdanović et al. All these species are well differentiated in many morphological and karyological features, and usually flower from late spring to early summer (May−July) (Jauzein and Tison 1999; Brullo et al. 2002, 2003a, 2008; Bogdanović et al. 2008). During our field investigations, a peculiar population of Allium growing in salt marshes of the island of Vir (Croatia) was found. This geophyte flowers in autumn and grows on damp soils characterized by a certain accumulation of salts. This ecological requirement is rather rare among the autumn-flowering Allium species, observed so far only in Allium savii Parl. According to Brullo et al. (1994), A. savii occurs in the Tyrrhenian area, where it has a scattered distribution ranging from Latium and Tuscany in Italy, through Sardinia, Corsica to southern France, and recently reported also from Menorca (Fraga 2002). The Croatian population appears morphologically quite similar to A. savii, mainly in its habit, spathe, inflorescence and some flower characters, while it differs in the number, shape and anatomy of leaves, size and shape of tepals, stamens and capsule. Based on herbarium surveys and literature data, this population has never been collected, and is treated here as a new species, Allium telmatum. Material and Methods A total of 30 living mature plants from five sites on the island of Vir in Croatia (Table 1) were collected and cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Catania (Italy). Qualitative and quantitative morphological characters, considered as diagnostic in Allium, were measured and scored on fresh material (Table 2). Voucher specimens are deposited in CAT, FI and ZA. Leaf anatomy was studied on cultivated plants from the type locality (Table 1), using leaf blades of maximum size in their optimal vegetative development, usually before the A new autumn-flowering species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Croatia 85 Table 1 List of collection sites of Allium telmatum from the island of Vir (Croatia). The first one corresponds to the type locality Locality and collection details Nr. of sampled plants Nr. of plants used for chromosome counts Rt Stinice, near Virić, 44°16´50˝ N, 15°07´33˝ E, s. l. 8 3 Rt Stinice, near Virić, 44°16´55˝ N, 15°07´35˝ E, s. l. 6 - Rt Stinice, near Virić, 44°17´26˝ N, 15°07´92˝ E, s. l. 6 2 Rt Stinice, near Virić, 44°17´16˝ N, 15°07´10˝ E, s. l. 5 - Rt Stinice, near Virić, 44°17´57˝ N, 15°07´50˝ E, s. l. 5 - All specimens were collected on 4 Sept 2007 by Bogdanović, Brullo, Giusso del Galdo, s.n. flowering stage. The leaf tissue was fixed in a mixture of ethanol, chloroform and acetic acid (3:3:1) according to the protocol by Karpechenko (1927), and embedded in paraffin; the transverse sections were stained with ruthenium red and light green. Karyological analyses were performed on mitotic plates from root-tip cells of cultivated bulbs, pre-treated with 0.3% colchicine water solution, fixed in ethanol- acetic acid mixture (3:1), and stained according to the Feulgen technique (Feulgen and Rossenbeck 1924). Metaphase observations and chromosome measurements were conducted using the image analysis systems IKAROS 4.6 (Metasystem) and Zeiss AxioVision 5.1. Karyotyping was done with the specialized software Cromolab© 1.1 (Brullo 2002–2003), which was used to recognize homologous chromosomes, order them by size, classify them according to morphology, and assemble the karyotype formula based on the centromere position (Levan et al. 1964; Tzanoudakis 1983). Ten mitotic plates from five individuals were used for assembling the karyotype. Results Description of a New Allium Species On the basis of our morphological investigation (Table 2, Figs. 1, 2), leaf anatomy features (Fig. 3), and chromosome numbers (Fig. 4), we describe here the following species. Allium telmatum Bogdanović, Brullo, Giusso & Salmeri, sp. nov. Type Croatia, North Dalmatia, island of Vir, salt marsh at Rt Stinice near Virić, 44° 16´50˝ N, 15°07´33˝ E, cultivated specimen, 4 Sept 2007, Bogdanović, Brullo, Giusso del Galdo, s.n. (Holotype: CAT; isotypes: CAT, FI, ZA). Descriptio Ab Allio savii bulbo 15−25 mm longo, 10−15 mm lato, scapo 30−40 cm alto, inserto extra bulbum, foliis 3−4, max. 15 cm longis, 2−2.5 mm latis, 5-costatis, spathae valva maiore usque ad 12 cm longa, valva minore usque ad 7 cm longa, pedicellis usque ad 40 mm longis, tepalis 5.5−6 mm longis, interioribus 3 mm latis, 86 S. Bogdanović et al. Table 2 Morphological characters differentiating between Allium telmatum and A. savii Character A. telmatum A. savii (n=30) (n=25) Bulb size (mm) 15−20×10−15 12−15×10−12 Outer tunics coriaceous fibrous Stem length (cm) 30−40 45−55 Bulb stem insertion external internal Leaf number 3−45−6 Leaf ribs 56−7 Leaf max. length (cm) 15 25 Leaf width (mm) 2−2.5 1−2 Leaf palisade tissue 2-layered 1-layered Leaf vascular bundles usually 19 usually 10 Larger spathe valve length (cm) 6−12 8−16 Smaller spathe valve length (cm) 2.5−75−11 Pedicel length (mm) 10−40 10−30 Number of flowers 10−28 20−28 Tepal shape elliptical oblong-elliptical Tepal length (mm) 5.5−66−7 Outer tepals width (mm) 3.2−3.5 2.5−3 Inner tepals width (mm) 3 2.5−3 Stamens exerted included Filament colour purplish above, white below white Outer stamen length (mm) 2.2−32−2.2 Inner stamen length (mm) 3.6−4 2.5−3.3 Annulus height (mm) 1−1.2 1.5 Anther colour white-yellowish, tinged with pink white Anther size (mm) 1.5−1.6×0.8−0.9 1.4−1.5×0.7−1 Anther apex rounded apiculate Ovary size (mm) 3.5−3.7×2 4×2−2.2 Capsule size (mm) 4.5−5×3.7−4.2 4.5−5.5×5−5.5 For quantitative characters showing some variation, minimum and maximum values are given.
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