JIOS, V OL . 33, N O. 1 (2009) SUBMITTED 10/08; A CCEPTED 02/09 UDC 004.432 Review Paper 1957-2007: 50 Years of Higher Order Programming Languages Alen Lovren ciˇ c´
[email protected] University of Zagreb Faculty of Organization and Informatics Mario Konecki
[email protected] University of Zagreb Faculty of Organization and Informatics Tihomir Orehova ckiˇ
[email protected] University of Zagreb Faculty of Organization and Informatics Abstract Fifty years ago one of the greatest breakthroughs in computer programming and in the history of computers happened – the appearance of FORTRAN, the first higher-order programming lan- guage. From that time until now hundreds of programming languages were invented, different programming paradigms were defined, all with the main goal to make computer programming easier and closer to as many people as possible. Many battles were fought among scientists as well as among developers around concepts of programming, programming languages and paradigms. It can be said that programming paradigms and programming languages were very often a trigger for many changes and improvements in computer science as well as in computer industry. Definitely, computer programming is one of the cornerstones of computer science. Today there are many tools that give a help in the process of programming, but there is still a programming tasks that can be solved only manually. Therefore, programming is still one of the most creative parts of interaction with computers. Programmers should chose programming language in accordance to task they have to solve, but very often, they chose it in accordance to their personal preferences, their beliefs and many other subjective reasons.