Malaysia Special :: X-RAY Magazine :: Issue 3

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Malaysia Special :: X-RAY Magazine :: Issue 3 Sipadan Sarawak Sepilok Focus on Malaysia White Sea Russia Ice-Diving GLOBAL EDITION IAHD Jan :: Feb 2005 Diving Disabled Number 3 Ecology Fish Fashion Equipment King Poseidon PARENTAL WARNING: Essick’s fine art Portfolio photography contains some nudity Todd Essick New Column by Leigh Cunningham 1 X-RAY MAG : 3 : 2005 DIRECTORY X-RAY MAG is published by Blue Horizons Expedition & Dive Club Copenhagen, Denmark www.bluehorizons.dk www.xray-mag.com PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Peter Symes [email protected] contents MANAGING EDITOR & ART DIRECTOR Gunild Pak Symes [email protected] TECHNICAL MANAGER Søren Reinke [email protected] CONTRIBUTORS Michael Arvedlund Thomas Knutson Bill Becher Edwin Marcow Andrey Bizyukin Gary Myors Leigh Cunningham Amos Nachoum John Collins Garold Sneegas Arne Eriksen Erling Svenson Kai Garseg Nonoy Tan Karen Gowlette Holmes Tony White X-RAY MAG is distributed six times per year on the Internet by Aquascope and Blue Horizons Expedition & Dive Club. All rights reserved. Material in this publication may not be repro- duced or transferred electronically in any form without written permission. Views and information expressed in articles are those of the individual author and are not necessarily representative of views held by X-RAY MAG or its affiliates. Unsolicited manuscripts, photographs and illustrations should PHOTO: PETER SYMES be e-mailed to [email protected]. Blue Horizons and X-RAY MAG accept no responsibility for unsolicited material sent to its office, nor is it liable for loss or damage to such materials. 20 43 61 66 72 plus... SUBSCRIPTION MALAYSIAN DIVE NEMO’S NOSE EQUIPMENT: SCIENCE: ICE DIVING EDITORIAL 3 X-RAY MAG International Edition in English is FREE. EXTRAVAGANZA by Peter Symes POSEIDON ROCKS FISH FASHION IN RUSSIA TSUNAMI & NEWS 5 To subscribe, go to: www.xray-mag.com by Peter Symes Ever wonder how by Andrey Bizukin by Michael Symes by Gunild Pak Symes EQUIPMENT 46 those fiercely ter- BOOKS,CDs,DVDs 50 NEWS ASSOCIATE Due to heavy tourist Dive manufactur- Is neon yellow the Get on your snow- traffic and destructive ritorial little clown ing giant, Poseidon, new black for high mobile and drive to PROFILE: IAHD 53 fishing practices by fishes can weave in gets a once over by brow fishes of the your dive site, chip a Fraser Bathgate locals, Malaysia has and out of the sting- Equipment editor, coral reefs? Science hole in the ice and COLUMN: Weight 56 had to close further ing tentacles of the Andrey Bizukin, who editor, Michael jump in! That´s ice- Leigh Cunningham anemones they call WRECK RAP 58 COVER PHOTO development in some visited the plant and Symes, discusses the diving at the White Strong current at Barracuda Point, areas. So, what can home? Learn how inspected the bold physics behind fish Sea where a new CONSERVATION: 60 Sipadan Island, Malaysia we still visit? Lots of Nemo lives symbi- and the beautiful in color and its impor- dive center, Nereis, Sharks Tales Photo by Peter Symes great sites in Sarawak, otically with the poi- dive technology. tance to the survival treats you to a cool WRECK DETECTIVES 64 Sipadan and Sepilock. sonous Medusa. of many fish species. adventure. PORTFOLIO: 80 Todd Essick 2 X-RAY MAG : 3 : 2005 editorial Revisit them asap On the date of publication of this before us on our TV screens world streets were cleared and merchants issue, more than a month has passed wide, the media did indeed give completed the rebuilding of their since the tsunami hit Asia. Yet, the us an impression that much of the shops. It was truly fast work. numbers of human lives lost are still hardest hit coastlines around the Many in our industry have stressed climbing, and the daily increments Indian Ocean had experienced total the need to push on with trading with in the official body count just never destruction. However, the truth of the the businesses in the affected areas, seem to end. Numerous editorials matter is that in many areas such as and encouraging tourists and divers to have already been written about Thailand, with which we as divers are return as soon as possible. The locals the tragedy, and the blanket cover- much more familiar than the other say that recovering tourism is the best age given by the media has been hard hit regions of Indonesia and Sri medicine, not only for their own busi- comprehensive 24/7. There doesn’t Lanka, the majority of infrastructure nesses, but for the local population as seem to be much more to say, but and business activities remain intact... well. They all depend on tourism for the magnitude of this colossal disaster not to mention the dive areas are still their livelihoods. still fills our minds and souls with trepi- very dive-able. But with tourism down to barely a dation, making the significance of all Contrary to what trickle, many operators in other subjects pale in comparison. most media state, Give a man a fish the area are not doing Henceforth, this editorial is also about surveyors in Thailand well. So, we ask: Divers, the tsunami, and it also embraces a and other areas are and he will eat for a please go back there plea for help on behalf of the many discovering that most day. Teach a man to asap, and postpone buy- victims and survivors of the disaster. reefs beyond a kilom- fish and he will eat ing that new stereo for Help is not just the act of giving to eter from shorelines another year. You don’t charities. It is also about helping sur- experienced very little for a lifetime. really need it, do you? vivors regain their livelihoods, helping destruction. Most of But someone on the them get their businesses back. In the these dive sites are in Old Proverb (Confucius) other side of the world immediate aftermath of the catastro- good condition. And really needs your busi- phe, most travel agencies cancelled in some cases, there ness just to survive. At this packages to Asia, flights were cut, are actually improvements in clarity of point, tourism is the best aid you can and for a while, tourist interest fell the water and there are more fish! give. sharply. While this may be a natural Just a few days after the great Thailand has a very big tourism response to the tragedy, we must not waves hit the popular beaches industry. It’s economic health depends stay away too long. around Phuket, the resort areas were on this very important sector. To avoid As the events unfolded and flashed cleaned of debris, hotels reopened, diving in Thailand based on incorrect 3 X-RAY MAG : 3 : 2005 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL EQUIPMENT & NEWS ECOLOGY PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED �������������������������� ����������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���� ���� ����������� ����� �������� �������� ���� ����� ���������� ��� ���� ����� �������� ������������� ���������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������� ������������� information from the media is a big said, “We had 17, 000 tourists in hoods from the dive industry as well mistake. The best thing you can the country when this happened, as financial aid and equipment for do to help the tsunami victims is to but today those numbers have expatriate dive instructors and dive come, enjoy a vacation and spend dropped by half. Our message to centres who lost everything in the your money. the tourists is, that it is time for them disaster. Now, Dive Aid is joining with It is tragic that the tsunami took to contribute to the recovery of the the Disaster Emergency Committee so many lives, and the world grieves Maldives,” he said. “The best way to and Diving Leisure of London to run their loss, but there are also so many do this is to visit us again. Enjoy your- an unique fund-raising event — a 24 who survived, who are struggling to self and help us in the process.” hour dive-a-thon. See www.diveaid. rebuild their devastated lives, and Indeed, some divers are going org.uk �������������������� who need our help now. Without pro-active. Dive Aid was formed So, get involved, dive in Asia, help income from tourism, more lives and recently by a group of dive instruc- some people, get some sun and livelihoods in the affected areas are tors in the U.K. who met in Thailand have some fun in the process. at stake. and became friends. They have The Thai people are not the only organized this non-profit organiza- Gunild & Peter Symes ��������������������������� ones to ask tourists
Recommended publications
  • 500 Natural Sciences and Mathematics
    500 500 Natural sciences and mathematics Natural sciences: sciences that deal with matter and energy, or with objects and processes observable in nature Class here interdisciplinary works on natural and applied sciences Class natural history in 508. Class scientific principles of a subject with the subject, plus notation 01 from Table 1, e.g., scientific principles of photography 770.1 For government policy on science, see 338.9; for applied sciences, see 600 See Manual at 231.7 vs. 213, 500, 576.8; also at 338.9 vs. 352.7, 500; also at 500 vs. 001 SUMMARY 500.2–.8 [Physical sciences, space sciences, groups of people] 501–509 Standard subdivisions and natural history 510 Mathematics 520 Astronomy and allied sciences 530 Physics 540 Chemistry and allied sciences 550 Earth sciences 560 Paleontology 570 Biology 580 Plants 590 Animals .2 Physical sciences For astronomy and allied sciences, see 520; for physics, see 530; for chemistry and allied sciences, see 540; for earth sciences, see 550 .5 Space sciences For astronomy, see 520; for earth sciences in other worlds, see 550. For space sciences aspects of a specific subject, see the subject, plus notation 091 from Table 1, e.g., chemical reactions in space 541.390919 See Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9 .8 Groups of people Add to base number 500.8 the numbers following —08 in notation 081–089 from Table 1, e.g., women in science 500.82 501 Philosophy and theory Class scientific method as a general research technique in 001.4; class scientific method applied in the natural sciences in 507.2 502 Miscellany 577 502 Dewey Decimal Classification 502 .8 Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials Including microscopy; microscopes; interdisciplinary works on microscopy Class stereology with compound microscopes, stereology with electron microscopes in 502; class interdisciplinary works on photomicrography in 778.3 For manufacture of microscopes, see 681.
    [Show full text]
  • A5 8Pp Format
    Palawan ‘CAN ’ Palawan is 1,780 islands of pristine white beaches, dramatic rock A nature lover ’s paradise and an formations, secret coves and underground mysteries. An untamed CULTURE . The island province of Palawan land, a nature lover’s paradise and an adventurer’s dream: Palawan adventurer ’s dream has much to offer to those who want to get to certainly lives up to its image as the last frontier. LAOAG the heart and soul of the Philippines. The more Getting there adventurous traveller can visit one of Palawan’s The island province has been declared a nature sanctuary of the world Palawan Banaue Major Airport Gateways: indigenous people, the Batak, whose settlements and for good reason. It is wrapped in a mantel of rainforests, outstanding Luzon dive sites, majestic mountains, primeval caves and shimmering beaches. Puerto Princesa, El Nido, Sandoval, Busuanga and PHILIPPINE SEA are on the slope of Cleopatra’s Needle. The Tabon Cuyo. Distance from Manila to Puerto Princesa is and Palawan Museums with their displays of It bursts with exotic flora and fauna and is surrounded by a coral shelf 306 nautical miles MANILAMMAMANMANIMANIL prehistoric artifacts from the Tabon caves and that abounds with varied and colourful marine life. Air Transport: items from the Spanish era bring the areas’ local Mindoro The long narrow strip of the main island, located southwest of Manila, Various domestic carriers fly to Palawan's major history to life and are well worth exploring. gateways from Manila (20+ flights daily), Cebu Busuanga Boracay Samar is around 425 kilometres long and 40 kilometres at its widest.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving the Vulnerable Dugong Dugong Dugon in the Sulu Sea, Malaysia
    Short Communication Using community knowledge in data-deficient regions: conserving the Vulnerable dugong Dugong dugon in the Sulu Sea, Malaysia L EELA R AJAMANI Abstract Community knowledge of the status, threats and the dugong Dugong dugon, a rare species of marine mammal conservation issues affecting the dugong Dugong dugon was that is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List investigated in the Sulu Sea, Malaysia. Interviews with local (Marsh, 2008). In Malaysia the dugong is protected by the fishermen were conducted in 12 villages from the tip of Wildlife Conservation Enactment 1997 (Sabah) and Tanjung Inaruntung to Jambongan Island, in northern Fisheries Act 1985, which includes the Federal Territories Sabah, Malaysia. According to the respondents dugong and the Exclusive Economic Zone. numbers are low and sightings are rare. Dugongs have been There has been limited research on this mammal on sighted around Jambongan, Tigabu, Mandidarah and the Malaysian side of the Sulu Sea, which is also part of Malawali Islands. The apparent decline of the dugong in the biodiverse Coral Triangle. Dugongs have been sighted this area is possibly because of incidental entanglement in at Banggi, Balambangan and Jambongan Islands, and nets, and opportunistic hunting. Seagrasses are present and Sandakan (Dolar et al., 1997; Jaaman & Lah-Anyi, 2003; have economic importance to the community. The fisher- Rajamani & Marsh, 2010). There have been incidences of men have difficulty in understanding issues of conservation dugongs harvested in Tambisan, in Sandakan district, and in relation to dugongs. I recommend that conservation init- sold in the Sandakan market (Dolar et al., 1997). It is iatives begin with dialogue and an education programme, generally believed that dugong numbers are low in East followed by incentives for development of alternative liveli- Malaysia (Jaaman & Lah-Anyi, 2003; Rajamani & Marsh, hoods.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruising Guide to the Philippines
    Cruising Guide to the Philippines For Yachtsmen By Conant M. Webb Draft of 06/16/09 Webb - Cruising Guide to the Phillippines Page 2 INTRODUCTION The Philippines is the second largest archipelago in the world after Indonesia, with around 7,000 islands. Relatively few yachts cruise here, but there seem to be more every year. In most areas it is still rare to run across another yacht. There are pristine coral reefs, turquoise bays and snug anchorages, as well as more metropolitan delights. The Filipino people are very friendly and sometimes embarrassingly hospitable. Their culture is a unique mixture of indigenous, Spanish, Asian and American. Philippine charts are inexpensive and reasonably good. English is widely (although not universally) spoken. The cost of living is very reasonable. This book is intended to meet the particular needs of the cruising yachtsman with a boat in the 10-20 meter range. It supplements (but is not intended to replace) conventional navigational materials, a discussion of which can be found below on page 16. I have tried to make this book accurate, but responsibility for the safety of your vessel and its crew must remain yours alone. CONVENTIONS IN THIS BOOK Coordinates are given for various features to help you find them on a chart, not for uncritical use with GPS. In most cases the position is approximate, and is only given to the nearest whole minute. Where coordinates are expressed more exactly, in decimal minutes or minutes and seconds, the relevant chart is mentioned or WGS 84 is the datum used. See the References section (page 157) for specific details of the chart edition used.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    INTRODUCTION In nearly every body of water around the world, the most abundant vertebrate is a fi sh. From the deepest parts of the ocean to high alpine streams, fi shes live and reproduce, sometimes in places where no other vertebrates can survive. Whether peering out from a submarine while conducting deep-sea research, or stopping for a drink of water during a hike in the mountains, explorers, scientists, and naturalists fi nd fi shes. With well over 30,000 species, fi shes account for more than half of the total extant vertebrate diversity on Earth— in other words, there are more living species of fi shes than of amphibians, turtles, lizards, birds, and mammals combined. Not only are fi shes diverse in number of their species, but they are diverse in the habitats in which they live, the foods that they eat, the ways in which they reproduce, communicate, and interact with their environment, and the behaviors that they exhibit. Fishes can also be extremely abundant: the most abundant vertebrates on the planet are the small bristlemouth fi shes (Gonostomatidae) that are common throughout the vast open ocean. In some cases abundant fi shes such as cods, tunas, salmons, herrings, and anchovies support massive fi sheries that feed hundreds of millions of people. By supporting coastal communities and societies, these fi sheries (and the fi shes they target) have helped shape human history, becoming the foundation for coastal economies and an engine for global exploration and expansion. WHAT IS A FISH? Humans use the term “fi sh” to refer to several groups of vertebrates that do not have a clear set of diagnostic characteristics unique to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Drag Levels and Energy Requirements on a SCUBA Diver
    Loughborough University Institutional Repository Drag levels and energy requirements on a SCUBA diver This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by the/an author. Citation: PASSMORE, M.A and RICKERS, G., 2002. Drag levels and energy requirements on a SCUBA diver. Journal of Sports Engineering, 5(4), pp. 173- 182. Additional Information: • The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com. Metadata Record: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6649 Version: Accepted for publication Publisher: Springer ( c International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA)) Please cite the published version. This item was submitted to Loughborough’s Institutional Repository (https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/) by the author and is made available under the following Creative Commons Licence conditions. For the full text of this licence, please go to: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ Drag levels and Energy Requirements on a SCUBA Diver. M.A. Passmore, G Rickers Loughborough University Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering ABSTRACT The popularity of sport diving has increased rapidly since its inception in the 1950’s. Over this period, the trend has been to increase the amount of equipment carried by the diver. There are many undoubted safety advantages associated with the additional kit, but under some conditions, it can impose an additional burden in the form of increased drag. The purpose of this paper is to identify the drag penalties for a number of simple SCUBA configurations. This is achieved through scale model experiments conducted in a wind tunnel. Some comments on the associated energy requirements are made, and from these, the effect on a diver’s bottom time is briefly addressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Coral Reefs and Sedimentation at Kota Kinabalu a Preliminary Study at Gaya Bay
    STATUS OF CORAL REEFS AND SEDIMENTATION AT KOTA KINABALU: A PRELIMINARY STUDY AT GAYA BAY AND SEPANGAR BAY Zarinah Waheed1, Farrah Anis F. Adnan2 Lee Chee Hwa1 & Siti Rahayu Mohd. Hashim2 1Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia ABSTRACT. Sedimentation is considered as one of the major factors that cause degradation of coral reefs in coastal areas. This study examined the effect of sedimentation on coral reefs at Gaya Island (Gaya Bay), Sepangar Island and UMS jetty (Sepangar Bay). At each location, two depths were surveyed, between 3m - 5m and between 7m -10m. The status of coral reefs was surveyed by using Line Intercept Transect, Fish Visual Census and Invertebrate Belt Survey. Two 20m line transects were laid at each depth. Sedimentation rates were measured by placing sediment traps at areas where the reef was surveyed. The sediment traps were collected once a month and further laboratory analysis was undertaken to determine the sedimentation rate, calcium carbonate content, organic matter content and sediment composition. Coral reef surveys conducted at all the sites showed that three sites were in fair condition (25-50% hard coral cover) while the other three sites were in good condition (50-75% hard coral cover). The low levels or absence of indicator species suggest overexploitation of the invertebrates and fishes on the reef. The mean sedimentation rate measured at the UMS jetty was higher than Gaya Island and Sepangar Island (126.25 ± 86.58 mg/cm2/day, 3.15 ± 1.75 mg/cm2day and 7.62 ± 6.9 mg/cm2/day, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • M.V. Solita's Passage Notes
    M.V. SOLITA’S PASSAGE NOTES SABAH BORNEO, MALAYSIA Updated August 2014 1 CONTENTS General comments Visas 4 Access to overseas funds 4 Phone and Internet 4 Weather 5 Navigation 5 Geographical Observations 6 Flags 10 Town information Kota Kinabalu 11 Sandakan 22 Tawau 25 Kudat 27 Labuan 31 Sabah Rivers Kinabatangan 34 Klias 37 Tadian 39 Pura Pura 40 Maraup 41 Anchorages 42 2 Sabah is one of the 13 Malaysian states and with Sarawak, lies on the northern side of the island of Borneo, between the Sulu and South China Seas. Sabah and Sarawak cover the northern coast of the island. The lower two‐thirds of Borneo is Kalimantan, which belongs to Indonesia. The area has a fascinating history, and probably because it is on one of the main trade routes through South East Asia, Borneo has had many masters. Sabah and Sarawak were incorporated into the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 and Malaysia is now regarded a safe and orderly Islamic country. Sabah has a diverse ethnic population of just over 3 million people with 32 recognised ethnic groups. The largest of these is the Malays (these include the many different cultural groups that originally existed in their own homeland within Sabah), Chinese and “non‐official immigrants” (mainly Filipino and Indonesian). In recent centuries piracy was common here, but it is now generally considered relatively safe for cruising. However, the nearby islands of Southern Philippines have had some problems with militant fundamentalist Muslim groups – there have been riots and violence on Mindanao and the Tawi Tawi Islands and isolated episodes of kidnapping of people from Sabah in the past 10 years or so.
    [Show full text]
  • HMS Scylla Final Report.Pages
    An Assessment of the Socio- Economic Impact of the Sinking of HMS Scylla Report prepared for the South West Regional Development Agency by the South West Economy Centre, University of Plymouth March 2003 Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 6 2. Background 7 3. Analysis of the Arc Proposals 9 4. An Analysis of the ARC Economic Impact 14 Forecasts 5. Centre of Excellence 20 6. The SWEC Impact Assessment 27 7. The Scylla Project and SWRDA’s Targetary 33 Framework 8. Overview of Costs and Benefits of the Project 35 References 37 2 Executive Summary The aim of this study is to advise the South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA) as to whether the economic and social benefits of placing HMS Scylla on the seabed in Whitsand Bay are sufficient to warrant their financial support for the project as proposed by ARC. The key points to emerge from the report are: The ARC Budget Proposals The costs of financing the project are likely to exceed the original budget projection due to an increase in the cost of purchasing HMS Scylla and other additional costs. The costs of several key elements of the project remain to be finalised. These include the purchase price, the cost of insurance and mooring costs. The original budget contains an assumption that certain services are provided freely or undertaken by voluntary labour. However, it is possible that some of these services will need to be purchased on the market. Until all outstanding issues are resolved, an upper limit of expenditure on the project is impossible to confirm.
    [Show full text]
  • 1'1 11 E W Rfare Divii1g
    www.mcdoa.org.uk 1'1 11 E W RFARE DIVII1G www.mcdoa.org.uk CONTENTS www.mcdoa.org.uk FOREWORD EDITOR'S FOREWORD DATES FOR YOUR DIARY OUR MAN IN MARBATSTAFF 7 JMC 013 8 BABY FROGS 12 SANDOWN and INVERNESS BOW OUT 16 MCM COMMAND and SUPPORT 17 SUBMARINE RESCUE 22 LONGLOOK 2001 28 PLANES, TRAINS and AUTOMOBILES 30 SONAR 2193 31 THUNDERBIRD ONE 37 VIEW FROM THE MCMTA 39 THE SINKING of the SCYLLA 13 LONG LOOK THE 'AUSSIE' PERSPECTIVE 15 OPERATION GARDEN on the THAMES 17 HOLIDAYS' 51 MINE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 53 TRAP, TARG, TOAR and RIPS 58 MCMV WEAPON SYSTEM UPGRADES 69 COMMAND• SUPPORT SYSTEMS 70 DIVING STANDARDS (NAVY) 71 DDS - A SCHOOL OF CHANGE 81 MWTU 90 ADVANCED MINE WARFARE TRAINING IN 2005 95 THE MARITIME WARFARE CENTRE 97 'THE ASSOCIATION' 99 HMS LENNOX 1958 102 SPACE SHUTTLE RECOVERY 106 THE NITEWORKS PROJECT III SAFETY CASE REPORT 113 DEFECTS 111 www.mcdoa.org.uk FOREWORD www.mcdoa.org.uk From Captain N P Stanley M.Phil, MNI Royal Navy Captain Minewarfare & Patrol Vessels, Fishery Protection and Diving I am delighted to be able to write the introduction to this current edition of MAD Magazine. Its appearance on the streets coincides with my own departure from the front-line. returning to MOD after two and a half years at the Waterfront but well placed to present something of a haul down report to the community; a reflection of the last few years and a look ahead to what we have on the horizon. Starting with people: it has clearly been a demanding period.
    [Show full text]
  • Esox Lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2019 Web Version, 8/26/2019 Photo: Ryan Hagerty/USFWS. Public Domain – Government Work. Available: https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/26990/rec/22. (February 1, 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Circumpolar in fresh water. North America: Atlantic, Arctic, Pacific, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from Labrador to Alaska and south to Pennsylvania and Nebraska, USA [Page and Burr 2011]. Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Baltic, White, Barents, Arctic, North and Aral Seas and Atlantic basins, southwest to Adour drainage; Mediterranean basin in Rhône drainage and northern Italy. Widely distributed in central Asia and Siberia easward [sic] to Anadyr drainage (Bering Sea basin). Historically absent from Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean France, central Italy, southern and western Greece, eastern Adriatic basin, Iceland, western Norway and northern Scotland.” Froese and Pauly (2019a) list Esox lucius as native in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, 1 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Canada, and the United States (including Alaska). From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Occurs in Erqishi river and Ulungur lake [in China].” “Known from the Selenge drainage [in Mongolia] [Kottelat 2006].” “[In Turkey:] Known from the European Black Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds, Central and Western Anatolian lake watersheds, and Gulf watersheds (Firat Nehri, Dicle Nehri).
    [Show full text]
  • Borneo) in Two Different Ways
    Contributions to Zoology, 78 (4) 141-147 (2009) Estimating the snake species richness of the Santubong Peninsula (Borneo) in two different ways Johan van Rooijen1, 2, 3 1 Zoological Museum Amsterdam, Mauritskade 61, 1092 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Tulpentuin 313, 2272 EH Voorburg, The Netherlands 3 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Chao I estimator, negative exponential function, rarefaction curve, Santubong Peninsula Borneo, snakes, species richness, Weibull function Abstract stantial investments in terms of search effort. This is particularly true for snakes which are hard to find (e.g. The distribution of Borneo’s species across the island is far Lloyd et al., 1968; Inger and Colwell, 1977; Hofer and from well-known. This is particularly true for snakes which are hard to find. Given the current rate of habitat destruction and Bersier, 2001; Orlov et al., 2003). As a consequence, consequent need for conservation strategies, more information estimation techniques are of interest when the intend- is required as to the species composition and richness of spe- ed objective is to assess species richness, an elemen- cific areas of potential conservation priority. An example is the tary criterion conservationists may use when identify- Santubong Peninsula, Sarawak, Malaysia, part of which has re- ing priority areas. One such estimation technique con- cently been gazetted as a National Park. In this paper, the snake species richness of the Santubong Peninsula is estimated on the sists of extrapolating the species accumulation curve. basis of data obtained during 450 survey-hours. Thirty-two spe- Species accumulation curves are regularly applied in cies were recorded.
    [Show full text]