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Primary Production of Aquatic Macrophytes Acta Scientiarum Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences ISSN: 1679-9283 [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brasil Fátima Lolis, Solange de; Marques Sanches-Marques, Ângela Maria; Lindaura de Arruda Reis, Sebastiana; Benedito, Evanilde Scientometric analysis of energetic ecology: primary production of aquatic macrophytes Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, vol. 31, núm. 4, 2009, pp. 363-369 Universidade Estadual de Maringá .png, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=187115804004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v31i4.5139 Scientometric analysis of energetic ecology: primary production of aquatic macrophytes Solange de Fátima Lolis, Ângela Maria Marques Sanches-Marques, Sebastiana * Lindaura de Arruda Reis and Evanilde Benedito Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to perform a temporal quantitative analysis, using the scientometric technique, considering the number of citations that the terms Primary Production of Aquatic Macrophytes and Energetic Ecology received in a 50-year period (1956 to 2006). The study related 189 papers published in 26 magazines. It was verified that researchers of several nationalities are working on the proposed themes, with a predominance of those from developed countries (USA and Germany). In Brazil, production on these themes, although small, coincides with the results obtained for other themes analyzed using the same research technique. This fact indicates that greater efforts should be made in the search for more intense scientific production in the country, in the different areas of knowledge, especially in the object of this study. Key words: energy flow, aquatic macrophytes, aquatic ecosystems, primary producers, scientific production. RESUMO. Análise cienciométrica da ecologia energética: produção primária de macrófitas aquáticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de realizar uma análise quantitativa temporal por meio da técnica de cienciometria, considerando o número de citações que os termos Primary Production of Aquatic Macrophytes e Energetic Ecology receberam num período de 50 anos (1956 a 2006). Foram relacionados 189 artigos publicados em 26 revistas. Constatou-se que pesquisadores de várias nacionalidades vêm trabalhando os temas propostos, com predomínio daqueles provenientes de países desenvolvidos (EUA e Alemanha). No Brasil, embora seja pequena, a produção dos temas é coincidente com o resultado obtido para outros temas analisados pela mesma técnica de pesquisa. Este fato indica que maior esforço deve ser realizado em busca de uma mais intensa produção científica no país, nas diversas áreas do conhecimento, em especial no objeto deste estudo. Palavras-chave: fluxo de energia, macrófitas aquáticas, ecossistemas aquáticos, produtores primários, produção científica. IntrodIntroductionuction composed of bacteria, protozoa and algae on its surface, which in turn is a primary food source for The relationships among organisms are limited and several phytophilous species. In addition to having a controlled by energy flow (ODUM, 1988). Organisms significant role in nutrient recycling, macrophytes acquire energy from food and use it to perform several provide substrate for consumers and decomposers, activities, such as metabolism, growth and water circulation and sediment stabilization, also reproduction. Food availability and amount are acting as accumulating filters and contributing to the responsible for the distribution of energy for the production of detritus (PEIRÓ; ALVES, 2004). various physiological processes of aquatic organisms In spite of the importance surrounding this theme, (DOURADO; BENEDITO-CECILIO, 2005). consistent evaluations have not yet been conducted Within an aquatic environment, macrophytes regarding scientific production on this topic. To represent one of the major sources of organic matter Macias-Chapula (1998), the advancement in (HENRY-SILVA; CAMARGO, 2005). Due to the knowledge produced by researchers must be concentrations of proteins, lipids and soluble transformed into information accessible to the carbohydrates in the cell wall of aquatic scientific community. The objective of science is the macrophytes, this type of vegetation is a diverse food production of new knowledge. In reality, science needs source and favors the development of a microfilm to be regarded as an ample social system, in which one Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences Maringá, v. 31, n. 4, p. 363-369, 2009 364 Lolis et al. of its functions is to disseminate knowledge. Among Since the 1960s – with the creation of the Science other tasks would be assuring the preservation of Citation Index (SCI ), the Social Science Citation Index general standards and attributing credit and (SSCI ) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index acknowledgement to works that have contributed to (AHCI ) –, FI and other indexes have been the objects the development of knowledge in various fields. of generalized controversy and a few mistakes in their Currently, the most common manner of attributing use (STREHL; SANTOS, 2002). Currently, the credit and acknowledgement in science is in the form impact factor used to qualify articles and journals is that of citations. The journal article with its list of citations established by the Journal Citation Reports – JCR, which itself is also a product offered by Thomson Reuters. is – and will likely remain – the universally accepted As such, the studies that make use of scientific vehicle through which the scientific institution records production indicators contribute to the knowledge and publishes the results of its investigations (LIMA- of the researched communities. Such knowledge RIBEIRO et al., 2007). makes it possible to formulate input, development With the use of commercial citations in the last and research policies that are more adequate to the three decades, the importance of citations has gained needs and reality of the various locales and areas of a new dimension in scientific works. In everything knowledge. In this context, the objective of this related to science, bibliometric and scientometric work is to perform a temporal quantitative analysis, indicators have become essential to the scientific using the scientometric technique, of the scientific community to estimate the state-of-the-art of a production in the field of Energetic Ecology given topic (MACIAS-CHAPULA, 1998). between 1956 and 2006, focusing on the role of In order to define its ideas and terms, Spinak aquatic macrophytes in primary production. (1998) considers that bibliometrics comprises the application of statistical analyses to study the Material and methods characteristics of the use and creation of documents, whereas scientometrics applies bibliometric In order to identify the scientific production techniques. Scientometrics may establish related to aquatic macrophytes over a period of 50 comparisons between investigative policies and years (1956 to 2006), the Citation Index of the countries by analyzing their economics and social General Search routine was used in the Thomson aspects, and is a segment of the sociology of science, Isi, Web of Science website, by means of the with applications in the development of scientific electronic address www.capes.gov.br. To search policies. The same author also affirms that for works on aquatic macrophytes, two keywords scientometrics involves quantitative studies of were used: 1) Primary Production of Aquatic scientific activities, including publication – thereby Macrophytes and 2) Energetic Ecology (as well as superseding bibliometrics. synonyms, such as Bionergetic ) and Aquatic One of the pioneering works involving Macrophytes (as well as synonyms, such as Aquatic scientometrics was conducted by Lotka (1926), who Plant and Aquatic Vegetation ). established the fundamentals of the inverse-square Following the search, the articles were grouped law, by affirming that the number of authors who and analyzed graphically according to: (i) year of make n contributions in a given scientific field is article publication; (ii) author nationality; -2 approximately 1 n of those who make only one (iii) author institution; (iv) journal in which the contribution, and that the percentage of those who article was published, (v) publication format (article, make a single contribution is close to 60%. Since review or note), (vi) synonyms (EEAP – Energetic then, several studies have been performed to Ecology and Aquatic Plant; BAV – Bionergetic and investigate the productivity of authors in various Aquatic Vegetation; BM – Bioenergetic and disciplines (ALVARADO, 2002). Macrophytes; EAP – Energetic and Macrophytes; The need to discuss the quality of science based on EAV – Energetic of Aquatic Vegetation, and BRSAV researcher experience and to establish evaluation – Bioenergetic related with submerged aquatic criteria for financing gave birth to the formalization of vegetation), and (vii) number of citations per author. indicators that take these questionings into account. Bibliometric indicators
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