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Inocybe Erubescens Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Volym 34 · nummer 2 · 2013 Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift inkluderar tidigare: www.svampar.se Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift Sveriges Mykologiska Förening Tidskriften publicerar originalartiklar med svamp- Föreningen verkar för anknytning och med svenskt och nordeuropeiskt - en bättre kännedom om Sveriges svampar och intresse. Tidskriften utkommer med fyra nummer svampars roll i naturen per år och ägs av Sveriges Mykologiska Förening. - skydd av naturen och att svampplockning och annat Instruktioner till författare finns på SMF:s hemsida uppträdande i skog och mark sker under iakttagande www.svampar.se. Tidskriften erhålls genom med- av gällande lagar lemskap i SMF. Tidskriften framställs med bidrag från - att kontakter mellan lokala svampföreningar och Tore Nathorst-Windahls minnesfond. svampintresserade i landet underlättas - att kontakt upprätthålls med mykologiska föreningar i grannländer - en samverkan med mykologisk forskning och veten- Redaktion skap. Redaktör och ansvarig utgivare Mikael Jeppson Medlemskap erhålles genom insättning av medlems- Lilla Håjumsgatan 4, avgiften på föreningens bankgiro 461 35 TROLLHÄTTAN 5388-7733 0520-82910 [email protected] Medlemsavgiften för 2013 är: s 275:- för medlemmar bosatta i Sverige Hjalmar Croneborg s 375:- för medlemmar bosatta utanför Sverige Mattsarve Gammelgarn s 125:- för studerande medlemmar bosatta i 620 16 LJUGARN Sverige (maximalt under 5 år) 018-672557 s 50:- för familjemedlemmar (erhåller ej SMT) [email protected] Subscriptions from abroad are welcome. Payments Jan Nilsson for 2013 (SEK 375.-) can be made by credit card by Smeberg 2 visting our webshop at www.svampar.se or to our 457 50 BULLAREN bank account: 0525-20972 [email protected] IBAN: SE6180000835190038262804 BIC/SWIFT: SWEDSESS Äldre nummer av Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift (inkl. JORDSTJÄRNAN) finns på en CD som kan beställas Sveriges Mykologiska Förening från SMF. Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap Previous issues of Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift (incl. JORDSTJÄRNAN) are available on a CD which can Göteborgs universitet be ordered from SMF. Box 461 405 30 Göteborg www.svampar.se Omslagsbild Plansch från Elias Fries verk "Sveriges ätliga och giftiga svampar". Efter målning av E. Pettersson. Skarlakansröda Vaxskiflingen. Hygrophorus puniceus (idag Hygrocybe punicea, scharlakansröd vaxskivling). I detta nummer nr 2 2013 SVAMPPRESENTATIONER FRIESPROJEKTET 2 Bolbitius excoriatus, flagnande 38 Digitalisering av Elias Fries skrifter guldskivling, funnen på spillning i och originalmålningar Sverige Mikael Jeppson & Jan Nilsson Leif Örstadius & Ellen Larsson 7 En massförekomst av gifttrådskiv- BÖCKER ling, Inocybe erubescens, i 45 Recensioner och presenta- Falköpings park tioner Stig Jacobsson & Ellen Larsson Mikael Jeppson 11 Samla gröna och rödbruna jord- tungor i höst! SMF Kill Persson 48 Web-shop SVAMPVAKT 18 Otterön, en mykologiskt outforskad pärla i norra Bohuslän Sofia Lund 25 Svampvakt Mikael Jeppson NATURVÅRD 27 Naturvårdsbränning och ängs- svampar Kill Persson & Krister Larsson RECEPT 35 Inlagd smörsopp Del av plansch från Elias Fries verk "Icones selectae Hymeno- Elle Nikishkova mycetum nondum delineatorum volym 1". Entoloma madidus (idag Entoloma bloxamii, blårödling). Del av plansch från Elias Fries verk "Icones selectae Hymenomycetum nondum delineatorum volym 2". Hygrophorus (Hygrocybe) laetus (idag Hygrocybe laeta, broskvaxskivling). SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 34:2 (2013) 1 SVAMPPRESENTATIONER Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift 34 (2): 2–6 2013 Bolbitius excoriatus, flagnande guldskivling, funnen på spillning i Sverige LEIF ÖRSTADIUS & ELLEN LARSSON ABSTRACT Bolbitius excoriatus, a rare fieldcap on dung reported from Sweden. Bolbitius excoriatus growing on cow dung is reported as a new species for Sweden. ITS sequence data of the type specimen and a Swedish collection confirmed the identity. The phylogenetic analysis indicates B. reticulatus f. aleuriatus as its closest sister species. A morphological description with photos based on the Swedish material is given. Inledning eller mindre allmänna. Arterna är saprotrofa Bolbitius (guldskivlingar) är ett litet släkte med och växer på spillning, murken ved eller i förna. sju arter i Norden, varav sex förekommer i Fruktkropparna är små till medelstora, sköra och Sverige (Hausknecht & Vesterholt 2012). Med saknar velum. Hatten är mer eller mindre klib- [- big. Skivorna växer smalt vid foten, är relativt tet rapporterad från Norden. Bolbitius titubans täta och har en tendens att bläcka. Förutom den (guldskivling) är mycket allmän åtminstone i här nyrapporterade arten växer även B. titubans södra Sverige medan övriga arter är sällsynta och B. coprophilus på spillning. Fig. 1. Fruktkroppar av Bolbitius excoriatus. Sverige. Skåne, Gualöv, Gyetorp, 2010-09-15, på nötspillning, leg. L. Örsta- dius (herb LÖ 46-10). Foto L. Örstadius. 2 SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 34:2 (2013) SVAMPPRESENTATIONER Fig. 2. Ett av de bästa träden från den fyloge- netiska analysen presenterat som ett fylogram där grenlängderna motsvarar antalet karaktärsför- ändringar. Bootstrapvärden från den statistiska analysen visas på grenarna. Sekvensernas Gen- banknummer är angivna efter namnet på arten. Genbanknummer för B. excoriatus är angivet under stycket molekylär undersökning. Leif Örstadius har under många år studerat skiv- ITS-regionen, som man nyligen beslutat ska lingar på spillning i släktet Psathyrella (sprö- vara ”bar code”-markör för svampar (Schoch dingar) men samtidigt beaktat andra släkten. %\'*'%$"$/ \ - svampart. Den jämfördes med sekvenser som bestämd art ur släktet Bolbitius samlats på nöt- 7:;" [ ! " #$ sekvenserna var identisk med B. excoriatus men %\'**Bolbitius excoriatus, sju ITS-sekvenser av Bolbitius hämtades hem vars morfologiska beskrivning i stort överens- för vidare fylogenetisk analys. Som utgrupp val- stämmer med de skånska fynden, men hattstor- de vi en sekvens vardera från de två närstående leken som uppges för arten är betydligt större än släktena Pholiotina och Conocybe. Sekvenserna för de svenska fynden. Då viss osäkerhet om de (ITS +LSU) alignades med hjälp av programmet svenska fyndens identitet rådde och ingen ITS- =>??@ E % \ '**J $ % sekvens fanns tillgänglig på GenBank för en med 1706 karaktärer. Av dessa var 123 fylogene- jämförelse, lånades typkollekten in för en mor- tiskt informativa. En fylogenetisk analys gjordes fologisk och molekylär undersökning. Sekvens- i PAUP* (Swofford 2003) och den gav ett träd data bekräftade identitet och förekomst av B. ex- %['?- coriatus i Sverige. Nedan följer en morfologisk tiskt stöd för grenar och noder i trädet kördes beskrivning av arten grundad på det svenska en bootstrap-analys. Trädet presenteras som ett materialet. fylogram och visar att sekvensen av typen för B. excoriatus och den svenska kollekten är identis- Då svenskt namn saknas för B. coprophilus före- ka och bildar en klad med 100 % bootstrap-stöd. slår vi namnet dyngguldskivling och som svenskt Sekvenserna av B. excoriatus lägger sig i sin tur namn på B. excoriatus föreslår vi \ ihop med B. reticulatus f. aleuriatus med 98 % guldskivling. stöd, som den art som B. excoriatus närmast är besläktad med jämfört med de andra Bolbitius- Molekylär undersökning arterna som är med i analysen. ITS- och LSU-regionen av nukleärt ribosomalt DNA sekvenserades för typkollekten av B. ex- coriatus (Type WU16355) och en kollekt av B. excoriatus (LÖ23-10) från Lyckeboda i Skåne. Sekvenserna har skickats in till Genbank och er- hållit nummer KC456418 och KC456419. SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 34:2 (2013) 3 SVAMPPRESENTATIONER Fig. 3. Välutvecklad fruktkropp av Bolbitius excoriatus, som visar hur hatthuden spricker upp. Sverige. Skåne, Skepparslöv, Åkeboda, 2008-09-11, på nötspillning, leg. L. Örstadius (herb. LÖ 147-08). Foto L. Örstadius. Morfologisk beskrivning ten (Munsell 10YR 8/6–8/8), med tydlig grodd- Bolbitius excoriatus Dähncke, Hauskn., Krisai, [ ~ : ~} –26 x 9–12 Contu & Vizzini μm, omgivna av ett pseudoparafysmönster av coprinoid typ. Cheilocystider 25–60 x 10–30 Hatt 2–8 mm bred, som ung konvex, breder μm, klavata, utriforma, lageniforma, fusiforma, senare ut sig plant med nedtryckt mitt, vågig, % " [ J $ svagt klibbig, gråbrun, ljusbrun (Munsell 7.5YR saknas. Kaulocystider 25–40 x 7–12 μm, ofta 5/2, 6/2, 6/4), strimmig och hygrofan, kal, som utriforma. Pileipellis en hymeniderm med 8–35 μm äldre radiärt luckert uppsprucken så att under- breda, klavata, päronformade eller huvudlika " [ \ % celler, brunt intracellulärt pigmenterade. Söljor täta, L = 16-26, smalt vidväxta, bruna (strong inte observerade. "^=_J`qJ{|}J{~%$ egg. Fot 8–20 x 0,8–1 mm, cylindrisk, ibland Arten känns igen på den radiärt uppspruckna med klubbformad bas, gul med olivsken (Mun- hattytan på äldre exemplar, den gula foten, spor- sell 2.5Y 8/4–8/6) påminnande om fotfärgen hos %$%[} Pluteus romellii, ± helt pudrat strimmig. Ingen orten. De andra två arterna som växer på spill- tydlig lukt är noterad. Smak ej prövad. ning är Bolbitius coprophilus och B. titubans. Sporer (längd x bredd framifrån och från sidan) B. coprophilus skiljer sig genom att ha större 7–10 x 6–7 x 5–5,5 μm, medelvärden 7,6–9,6 x fruktkroppar och sporer, medan B. titubans har 6,1–6,5 x 5,1–5,3 μm, ovoida, ellipsoida, sub- större och mer regelbundna sporer och en gul- mitriforma, subhexagonala, oblonga, gula i vat- aktig hatt. Fruktkropparna i typkollekten av B. 4 SVENSK MYKOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 34:2 (2013) SVAMPPRESENTATIONER Fig. 4. Sporer av Bolbitius excoriatus med tydlig groddpor.
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