AN 295, Gold Code Generator Reference Design
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Strong Signal Cancellation to Enhance Processing Of
Europäisches Patentamt *EP001238485B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 238 485 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: H04J 13/04, G01S 3/16, of the grant of the patent: G01S 13/00, H04B 1/707 28.09.2005 Bulletin 2005/39 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 00992803.7 PCT/US2000/042171 (22) Date of filing: 14.11.2000 (87) International publication number: WO 2001/047171 (28.06.2001 Gazette 2001/26) (54) STRONG SIGNAL CANCELLATION TO ENHANCE PROCESSING OF WEAK SPREAD SPECTRUM SIGNAL STARKE SIGNALUNTERDRÜCKUNG UM DIE VERARBEITUNG VON SCHWACHEN SPREIZSPEKTRUMSIGNALEN ZU VERBESSERN ANNULATION DE SIGNAL FORT DANS LE BUT D’AMELIORER LE TRAITEMENT D’UN SIGNAL FAIBLE A SPECTRE ETALE (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Kramer - Barske - Schmidtchen AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU European Patent Attorneys MC NL PT SE TR Patenta Radeckestrasse 43 (30) Priority: 14.12.1999 US 461123 81245 München (DE) (43) Date of publication of application: (56) References cited: 11.09.2002 Bulletin 2002/37 WO-A-98/18210 US-A- 4 701 934 US-A- 5 493 588 US-A- 5 604 503 (73) Proprietor: Sirf Technology, Inc. San Jose, CA 95112 (US) • SUST M K ET AL: "Code and frequency acquisition for fully digital CDMA-VSATs" (72) Inventors: COUNTDOWN TO THE NEW MILENNIUM. • NORMAN, Charles, P. PHOENIX, DEC. 2 - 5, 1991, PROCEEDINGS OF Huntington Beach, CA 92647 (US) THE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS • CAHN, Charles, R. CONFERENCE. (GLOBECOM), NEW YORK, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 (US) IEEE, US, vol. -
A Software-Defined Receiver Architecture for Cellular CDMA
A Software-Defined Receiver Architecture for Cellular CDMA-Based Navigation Joe Khalife, Kimia Shamaei, and Zaher M. Kassas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Riverside [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] { } Abstract—A detailed software-defined receiver (SDR) architec- and need to be estimated. Although, the IS-95 standard states ture for navigation using cellular code division multiple access that a CDMA BTS should transmit its position, local wireless (CDMA) signals is presented. The cellular forward-link signal providers do not usually transmit such information [16], [17]. structure is described and models for the transmitted and received signals are developed. Particular attention is paid to Hence, the position of the BTSs need to be manually surveyed relevant information that could be extracted and subsequently or estimated on-the-fly individually or collaboratively [18], exploited for navigation and timing purposes. The differences [19]. Nevertheless, while the position states of a BTS are between a typical GPS receiver and the proposed cellular CDMA static, the clock error states of the BTS are dynamic and receiver are highlighted. Moreover, a framework that is based on need to be continuously estimated via (1) a mapping receiver, a mapping/navigating receiver scheme for navigation in a cellular CDMA environment is studied. The position and timing errors which shares such estimates with the navigating receiver or (2) arising due to estimating the base transceiver station clock biases by the navigating receiver itself by adopting a simultaneous in different cell sectors are also analyzed. Experimental results localization and mapping approach [20], [21], [22]. -
Iot Systems Overview
IoT systems overview CoE Training on Traffic engineering and advanced wireless network planning Sami TABBANE 30 September -03 October 2019 Bangkok, Thailand 1 Objectives •Present the different IoT systems and their classifications 2 Summary I. Introduction II. IoT Technologies A. Fixed & Short Range B. Long Range technologies 1. Non 3GPP Standards (LPWAN) 2. 3GPP Standards IoT Specificities versus Cellular IoT communications are or should be: Low cost , Low power , Long battery duration , High number of connections , Low bitrate , Long range , Low processing capacity , Low storage capacity , Small size devices , Relaxed latency , Simple network architecture and protocols . IoT Main Characteristics Low power , Low cost (network and end devices), Short range (first type of technologies) or Long range (second type of technologies), Low bit rate (≠ broadband!), Long battery duration (years), Located in any area (deep indoor, desert, urban areas, moving vehicles …) Low cost 3GPP Rel.8 Cost 75% 3GPP Rel.8 CAT-4 20% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-1 10% 3GPP Rel.13 CAT-M1 NB IoT Complexity Extended coverage +20dB +15 dB GPRS CAT-M1 NB-IoT IoT Specificities IoT Specificities and Impacts on Network planning and design Characteristics Impact • High sensitivity (Gateways and end-devices with a typical sensitivity around -150 dBm/-125 dBm with Bluetooth/-95 dBm in 2G/3G/4G) Low power and • Low frequencies strong signal penetration Wide Range • Narrow band carriers far greater range of reception • +14 dBm (ETSI in Europe) with the exception of the G3 band with +27 dBm, +30 dBm but for most devices +20 dBm is sufficient (USA) • Low gateways cost Low deployment • Wide range Extended coverage + strong signal penetration and Operational (deep indoor, Rural) Costs • Low numbers of gateways Link budget: UL: 155 dB (or better), DL: Link budget: 153 dB (or better) • Low Power Long Battery life • Idle mode most of the time. -
On Cracking Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Systems †
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 00: 1–15 (2008) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/wcm.0000 On Cracking Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Systems y Youngho Jo and Dapeng Wu¤ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A. Summary Secure transmission of information over hostile wireless environments is desired by both military and civilian parties. Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) is such a covert technique resistant to interference, interception and multipath fading. Identifying spread-spectrum signals or cracking DS-SS systems by an unintended receiver (or eavesdropper) without a priori knowledge is a challenging problem. To address this problem, we first search for the start position of data symbols in the spread signal (for symbol synchronization); our method is based on maximizing the spectral norm of a sample covariance matrix, which achieves smaller estimation error than the existing method of maximizing the Frobenius norm. After synchronization, we remove a spread sequence by a cross-correlation based method, and identify the spread sequence by a matched filter. The proposed identification method is less expensive and more accurate than the existing methods. We also propose a zigzag searching method to identify a generator polynomial that reduces memory requirement and is capable of correcting polarity errors existing in the previous methods. In addition, we analyze the bit error performance of our proposed method. The simulation results agree well with our analytical results, indicating the accuracy of our analysis in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. -
2016 GNSS User Technology Report
USER TECHNOLOGY REPORT ISSUE 1 2016 Issue 1 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016 ISBN 978-92-9206-029-9 doi: 10.2878/760803 Copyright © European GNSS Agency, 2016 Information contained in the document may be excerpted, copied, printed and provided to third parties only under the condition that the source and copyright owner is clearly stated as follows: “Source: GNSS User Technology Report, Issue 1, copyright © European GNSS Agency, 2016”. For reproduction or use of photos and any other artistic material, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder. The designations employed, the presentation of the materials and the views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the opinions, decisions or the stated policy of neither GSA nor the European Commission. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the GSA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products and copyright holders are distinguished by initial capital letters. The present document is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied in relation to its content and/or use. In no event shall the GSA be liable for damages arising from the content and use of the present document. This document and the information contained in it is subject to applicable copyright and other intellectual property rights under the laws of the Czech Republic and other states. -
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PORTO@iris (Publications Open Repository TOrino - Politecnico di Torino) POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Sensitivity Analysis of a Neural Network based Avionic System by Simulated Fault and Noise Injection Original Sensitivity Analysis of a Neural Network based Avionic System by Simulated Fault and Noise Injection / Brandl, Alberto; Battipede, Manuela; Gili, Piero; Lerro, Angelo. - ELETTRONICO. - (2018), pp. 1-19. ((Intervento presentato al convegno AIAA SciTech Forum tenutosi a Kissimmee, Florida, USA nel 8-12 January 2018. Availability: This version is available at: 11583/2699969 since: 2019-03-11T19:00:55Z Publisher: AIAA Published DOI:10.2514/6.2018-0122 Terms of use: openAccess This article is made available under terms and conditions as specified in the corresponding bibliographic description in the repository Publisher copyright default_conf_editorial - (Article begins on next page) 04 August 2020 Sensitivity Analysis of a Neural Network based Avionic System by Simulated Fault and Noise Injection Alberto Brandl∗ Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy Manuela Battipede† Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy Piero Gili‡ Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Turin, Italy Angelo Lerro§ AeroSmart s.r.l., Caserta, Italy The application of virtual sensor is widely discussed in literature as a cost effective solution compared to classical physical architectures. RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainabil- ity and Safety) performance of the entire avionic system seem to be greatly improved using analytical redundancy. However, commercial applications are still uncommon. A complete analysis of the behavior of these models must be conducted before implementing them as an effective alternative for aircraft sensors. -
Avoiding Interference in the 2
Avoiding Interference in the 2.4-GHz ISM Band Designers can create frequency-agile 2.4 GHz designs using procedures provided by standards bodies or by building their own protocol. By Ryan Winfield Woodings and Mark Gerrior, Cypress Semiconductor As more and more companies produce products that use the 2.4-GHz portion of the radio spectrum, designers have had to deal with increased signals from other sources. Regulations governing unlicensed parts of the spectrum state that your device must expect interference. How can designers get the best performance out of their 2.4-GHz solution under these hostile conditions? Often the product works in a controlled lab environment but then suffers performance degradation from the storm of interference from other 2.4GHz solutions in the field. With existing standards like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee there is little that can be done beyond what the architects of the standard provide. But when the designer controls the protocol there are procedures that will minimize the interference from other sources. In this article,we'll examine the various interference management techniques provided by 2.4 GHz wireless systems. We'll then show how low-level tools can be used to create frequency-stability in a 2.4 GHz design. Wi-Fi The two methods for radio frequency modulation in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band are frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). Bluetooth uses FHSS while WirelessUSB, 802.11b/g/a (commonly known as Wi-Fi), and 802.15.4 (known as ZigBee when combined with the upper networking layers) use DSSS. -
Pseudorandom Noise Code-Based Technique for Cloud and Aerosol Discrimination Applications
Pseudorandom noise code-based technique for cloud and aerosol discrimination applications Joel Campbell, Narasimha S. Prasad, Michael Flood, Wallace Harrison NASA Langley Research Center, 5 N. Dryden St., Hampton, VA 23681 Abstract NASA Langley Research Center is working on a continuous wave (CW) laser based remote sensing scheme for the detection of CO2 and O2 from space based platforms suitable for ACTIVE SENSING OF CO2 EMISSIONS OVER NIGHTS, DAYS, AND SEASONS (ASCENDS) mission. ASCENDS is a future space-based mission to determine the global distribution of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). A unique, multi-frequency, intensity modulated CW (IMCW) laser absorption spectrometer (LAS) operating at 1.57 micron for CO2 sensing has been developed. Effective aerosol and cloud discrimination techniques are being investigated in order to determine concentration values with accuracies less than 0.3%. In this paper, we discuss the demonstration of a PN code based technique for cloud and aerosol discrimination applications. The possibility of using maximum length (ML)-sequences for range and absorption measurements is investigated. A simple model for accomplishing this objective is formulated, Proof-of-concept experiments carried out using SONAR based LIDAR simulator that was built using simple audio hardware provided promising results for extension into optical wavelengths. Keywords: ASCENDS, CO2 sensing, O2 sensing, PN codes, CW lidar 1. INTRODUCTION The National Research Council’s (NRC) Decadal Survey (DS) of Earth Science and Applications from Space has identified the Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) as an important Tier II space-based atmospheric science mission. The CO2 mixing ratio needs to be measured to a precision of 0.5 percent of background or better (slightly less than 2 ppm) at 100-km horizontal resolution overland and 200-km resolution over oceans. -
UMTS XX.05 V1.0.0 (1999-02) Technical Report
TD TSG RAN-99027 UMTS XX.05 V1.0.0 (1999-02) Technical Report UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN); UTRA FDD, spreading and modulation description; (UMTS XX.05 version 1.0.0) UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS XX.05 version 1.0.0) 2 UMTS XX.05 V1.0.0 (1999-02) Reference DTR/SMG-02XX05U (01o00i04.PDF) Keywords Digital cellular telecommunications system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), UTRAN ETSI Postal address F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Internet [email protected] Individual copies of this ETSI deliverable can be downloaded from http://www.etsi.org If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1999. All rights reserved. ETSI (UMTS XX.05 version 1.0.0) 3 UMTS XX.05 V1.0.0 (1999-02) Contents Intellectual Property Rights ............................................................................................................................... 4 Foreword........................................................................................................................................................... -
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) NovAtel’s complete line of precise positioning engines, enclosures, antennas and software is developed to meet a wide range of accuracy and cost requirements for all satellite navigational systems. GALILEO GPS GLONASS The emerging Galileo system, sponsored by the European Union and Declared fully operational in 1995, the Global Positioning System (GPS) The Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) constellation is managed by the European Space Agency (ESA), launched the GIOVE-A constellation in 2007 consists of 30 satellites in Full Operation operated for the Russian government by the Russian Space Forces. test satellite on December 28, 2005. Full operational deployment of the Capability (FOC) status. The satellites are organized into six orbital The constellation had dwindled to 7 operational satellites in 2001. constellation is expected by 2012. A ground-based control system will planes with an inclination of 55 degrees, making a complete orbit As of mid-2007, there are now 14 satellites declared operational, also be developed and deployed, similar to the GPS Control Segment. in approximately 11 hours, 58 minutes. with plans announced to increase this total to 18 by the end of 2007. In addition to controlling the satellites, the Galileo Ground Mission All satellites are dual-frequency and broadcast on L1 and L2 using The satellites are organized into three orbital planes with an inclination Segment will also generate integrity information for Safety of Life users spread-spectrum modulation. L5 is currently broadcast from a WAAS of 64.8 degrees, making a complete orbit in approximately 11 hours, similar to the US FAA Wide Area Augmentation System. -
Timing Accuracy of Self-Encoded Spread Spectrum Navigation with Communication
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in Computer & Electronics Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department Engineering (to 2015) of 2011 Timing accuracy of self-encoded spread spectrum navigation with communication Won Mee Jang University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/computerelectronicfacpub Jang, Won Mee, "Timing accuracy of self-encoded spread spectrum navigation with communication" (2011). Faculty Publications in Computer & Electronics Engineering (to 2015). 108. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/computerelectronicfacpub/108 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications in Computer & Electronics Engineering (to 2015) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation 5:1 (2011), pp. 1–6; doi: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0234 Copyright © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Used by permission. Submitted September 7, 2009; revised January 25, 2010 Timing accuracy of self-encoded spread spectrum navigation with communication W. M. Jang Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, The Peter Kiewit Institute of Information Science, Technology & Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; email [email protected] Abstract The author presents the timing accuracy of self-encoded spread spectrum (SESS) in navigation. SESS eliminates the need for traditional transmit and receive pseudo noise code generators. As the term implies, the spreading code is instead obtained from the random digital information source itself. SESS was shown to improve system performance significantly in fading channels. -
Navigation Using Pseudolites, Beacons, and Signals of Opportunity
Navigation Using Pseudolites, Beacons, and Signals of Opportunity John F. Raquet Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT/ENG, 2950 Hobson Way WPAFB, OH 45431 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper describes the use of RF signals for navigation, using signals designed for this purpose (pseudolites and beacons) as well as signals that are not intended for navigation (signals of opportunity). Advantages and disadvantages of each system type are presented. Common challenges faced, as well as solutions, for these types of systems are covered, including the near/far problem, measurement types, TDOA measurement formation, positioning algorithms, ambiguity resolution, and multipath. Additionally, some of the unique challenges of navigating using signals of opportunity are described. Examples of navigation using pseudolites, beacons, and signals of opportunity are be presented. The opportunities and challenges of these types of systems for a military environment are also described. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Over the past couple of decades, there have been a number of trends that have driven the desire to improve our ability to navigate in all environments. Previously, the primary desire was to navigate single, stand-alone systems (such as a car), but now, the desire is increasingly to have simultaneous navigation awareness of multiple interdependent systems (such as a traffic notification system in a car). Previously, navigation capability could not always be counted on, but increasingly navigation is considered to be an assumed infrastructure (like knowing the lights will come on when you turn on the light switch). Previously, navigation accuracy of 5-10 m seemed almost extravagant when other worldwide navigation options prior to GPS (namely, Omega [1] and stand-alone inertial) had accuracies more on the order of 1-2 km.