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Here 1 Million-Year Old Ice Near Dome C, Antarctica?

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Here 1 Million-Year Old Ice Near Dome C, Antarctica? Abstract Dr Tyler Robert Jones Submission ID 1 Name: Dr Tyler Robert Jones Institution: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder Country: United States Presentation Title: A connection between Laurentide ice sheet topography, the El Niño- Southern Oscillation, and West Antarctic climate Full Author List: T. R. Jones1, W. H. G. Roberts2, J. W. C. White1, E. J. Steig3, K. M. Cuffey4, B. R. Markle3, S. W. Schoenemann3 Author Affiliations: [Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado], [Boulder, CO 80309-0450], [USA] [BRIDGE, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol], [Bristol BS8 1SS], [United Kingdom] [Quaternary Research Center and Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington], [Seattle, Washington 98195], [USA] [Department of Geography, University of California], [Berkeley, CA 94720], [USA] ABSTRACT Ultra-high resolution water isotope measurements (δD and δ18O) from the WAIS Divide Ice Core (WDC) have been analyzed using a continuous flow system to ~60 ka bp. Frequency analysis of the water isotope signal shows 1-year spectral power persists until about ~15 ka bp, while signals at 4 years and greater are preserved throughout the entire record. At this level of resolution, a diffusion correction must be applied because high-frequency water isotope signals are attenuated mainly in the firn (but also in deep ice). We quantify diffusion over a 500-year sliding window to obtain an estimate of original power spectra at the time of deposition, and then determine the amplitude of high-frequency signals to ~30 ka bp (the extent of the annually dated chronology). We observe that the amplitude of the annual signal varies with maximum insolation at 60°S, while the 2-15 year signal is elevated in the glacial, decreases at ~16 ka bp until ~10-11 ka bp, and maintains a constant minimum throughout the rest of the Holocene. While the annual (1-year) signal primarily represents seasonal temperature variations, the interannual variations reflect regional atmospheric circulation variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and intrinsic atmospheric dynamics. It should be noted that the strength of the 2-15 year signal is not strongly dependent on the diffusion calculations - indeed, the amount of diffusion to be corrected for only amplifies differences in the magnitude of interannual variability between Glacial and Holocene. Results from general circulation model experiments with HadCM3 (courtesy of William Roberts and Paul Valdes, Bristol) suggest changes in the strength of the 2-15 year signal we observe at WAIS Divide reflect either changes in the strength of the ENSO teleconnection to West Antarctica, changes in the strength of ENSO, or both. The timing of the 16 ka bp decline in signal amplitude is likely related to a change in the climate of the Western Tropical Pacific, which is also seen to change at this time in a central Indonesian lake sediment core. Model results show that this change in the tropical Pacific climate is related to the size of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), suggesting that the tropics provide a link between the size of the LIS and climate in West Antarctica. Abstract Dr Frédéric Parrenin Submission ID 2 Name: Dr Frédéric Parrenin Institution: LGGE (CNRS/UJF) Country: FRANCE Presentation Title: Is there 1 million-year old ice near Dome C, Antarctica? Full Author List: F. Parrenin1,2, D. D. Blankenship3, M. G. P. Cavitte3, J. Chappellaz1,2, H. Fischer4, O. Gagliardini1,2, F. Gillet-Chaulet1,2, V. Masson-Delmotte5, O. Passalacqua1,2, C. Ritz1,2, M. J. Siegert6, D. A. Young3 Author Affiliations: [1]{CNRS, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France} [2]{Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France} [3]{University of Texas John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, Institute for Geophysics (UTIG), Austin, USA} [4]{Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern} [5]{Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ/IPSL), Gif-Sur-Yvette, France} [6]{Grantham Institute, and Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK} ABSTRACT Ice sheets provide exceptional archives of past changes in polar climate, regional environment and global atmospheric composition. The oldest deep ice drilled in Antarctica has been retrieved at EPICA Dome C (Antarctica), reaching 800,000 years. Retrieving an older paleoclimatic record from Antarctica is one of the biggest challenges of the ice core community (Jouzel and Masson-Delmotte, 2010). Here, we use a combination of internal layers identified with airborne radar and ice-flow modeling to estimate the age of basal ice along two transects across the Dome C summit. Based on the age of the bottom ic eat EDC, we find a geothermal heat flux of 66.8 mW/m2. Assuming the same geothermal heat flux all along both transects, we identify a region located only ~40 km from the dome on a bedrock relief where the estimated basal melting is small or inexistant. As a result, basal age is estimated to be >1,500,000 years. However, this oldest ice hot spot disappears if the geothermal heat flux is only 5 mW/m2 higher than at EDC. Our work also demonstrates the utility of combining radar layering with ice flow modelling to accurately represent the true nature of ice flow in the center of large ice sheets. Abstract Frédéric Parrenin Submission ID 3 Name: Frédéric Parrenin Institution: LGGE (CNRS/UJF) Country: FRANCE Presentation Title: IceChrono1: a probabilistic model to compute a common and optimal chronology for several ice cores Full Author List: F. Parrenin 1,2 , L. Bazin 3 , E. Capron 4 , A. Landais 3 , B. Lemieux- Dudon 5 , and V. Masson-Delmotte 3 Author Affiliations: 1. CNRS, LGGE, 38041 Grenoble, France 2. Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, 38041 Grenoble, France 3. British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK 4. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191 Gif-sur- Yvette, France 5. Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann, Grenoble, France ABSTRACT Polar ice cores provide exceptional archives of past environmental conditions. The dating of ice cores and the estimation of the age-scale uncertainty are essential to interpret the climate and environmental records that they contain. It is, however, a complex problem which involves different methods. Here, we present IceChrono1, a new probabilistic model integrating various sources of chronological information to produce a common and optimized chronology for several ice cores, as well as its uncertainty. IceChrono1 is based on the inversion of three quantities: the surface accumulation rate, the lock-in depth (LID) of air bubbles and the thinning function. The chronological information integrated into the model are models of the sedimentation process (accumulation of snow, densification of snow into ice and air trapping, ice flow), ice- and air-dated horizons, ice and air depth intervals with known durations, 1depth observations (depth shift between synchronous events recorded in the ice and in the air) and finally air and ice stratigraphic links in between ice cores. The optimization is formulated as a least squares problem, implying that all densities of probabilities are assumed to be Gaussian. It is numerically solved using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and a numerical evaluation of the model’s Jacobian. IceChrono follows an approach similar to that of the Datice model which was recently used to produce the AICC2012 (Antarctic ice core chronology) for four Antarctic ice cores and one Greenland ice core. IceChrono1 provides improvements and simplifications with respect to Datice from the mathematical, numerical and programming point of views. The capabilities of IceChrono1 are demonstrated on a case study similar to the AICC2012 dating experiment. We find results similar to those of Datice, within a few centuries, which is a confirmation of both IceChrono1 and Datice codes. We also test new functionalities with respect to the original version of Datice: observations as ice intervals with known durations, correlated observations, observations as air intervals with known durations and observations as mixed ice–air stratigraphic links. IceChrono1 is freely available under the General Public License v3 open source license. Abstract Prof. Pavel Talalay Submission ID 4 Name: Prof. Pavel Talalay Institution: Polar Research Center, Jilin University Country: China Presentation Title: Temperature distribution of the normal drilling fluid circulation in deep ice boreholes and its influence on drilling technology Full Author List: P. Talalay1, O. Alemany2,3 Author Affiliations: 1Polar Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China 2CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France 3Université Grenoble Alpes, LGGE, Grenoble, France ABSTRACT Temperature of the normal drilling fluid circulation in deep ice boreholes greatly varies with depth. A temperature change of the drilling fluid flow in the downward flow occurs as a result of heat exchange with the flow rising in annular, the temperature of which is effected by heat exchange with the surrounding ice. The temperature change of the drilling fluid is also associated with the cooling of the drill head and the generation of heat due to the hydraulic friction of the drilling fluid. Predictions of temperature distribution of the normal drilling fluid circulation was made for 3000 m deep borehole drilled in the region of Dome C (temperature at 10 m depth is 54.5 °C) with initial temperature of –30 °C. At first, temperature of the drilling fluid decreases due to heat exchange with upward cold flow to the minimal temperature of – 48.5 °C at the depth of 500 m, but then temperature begins to increase. Deeper than 2600 m, the drilling fluid temperature is above zero. When the drilling fluid reaches drill bit, the temperature attains 7.1 °C. The positive temperature in the upward flow can adversely effect on the borehole wall by melting them.
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