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Hacking the Master Switch? the Role of Infrastructure in Google's
Hacking the Master Switch? The Role of Infrastructure in Google’s Network Neutrality Strategy in the 2000s by John Harris Stevenson A thesis submitteD in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Information University of Toronto © Copyright by John Harris Stevenson 2017 Hacking the Master Switch? The Role of Infrastructure in Google’s Network Neutrality Strategy in the 2000s John Harris Stevenson Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Information University of Toronto 2017 Abstract During most of the decade of the 2000s, global Internet company Google Inc. was one of the most prominent public champions of the notion of network neutrality, the network design principle conceived by Tim Wu that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by network operators. However, in 2010, following a series of joint policy statements on network neutrality with telecommunications giant Verizon, Google fell nearly silent on the issue, despite Wu arguing that a neutral Internet was vital to Google’s survival. During this period, Google engaged in a massive expansion of its services and technical infrastructure. My research examines the influence of Google’s systems and service offerings on the company’s approach to network neutrality policy making. Drawing on documentary evidence and network analysis data, I identify Google’s global proprietary networks and server locations worldwide, including over 1500 Google edge caching servers located at Internet service providers. ii I argue that the affordances provided by its systems allowed Google to mitigate potential retail and transit ISP gatekeeping. Drawing on the work of Latour and Callon in Actor– network theory, I posit the existence of at least one actor-network formed among Google and ISPs, centred on an interest in the utility of Google’s edge caching servers and the success of the Android operating system. -
Carroll V. Google
Case 3:20-cv-07379 Document 1 Filed 10/21/20 Page 1 of 70 1 Elizabeth C. Pritzker (CA SBN: 146267) Jonathan K. Levine (CA SBN: 220289) 2 Bethany Caracuzzo (CA SBN: 190687) Caroline C. Corbitt (CA SBN: 305492) 3 PRITZKER LEVINE LLP 4 1900 Powell Street, Suite 450 Emeryville, CA 94608 5 Telephone: (415) 692-0772 Facsimile: (415) 366-6110 6 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 7 [email protected]; [email protected] 8 Heidi M. Silton (pro hac vice forthcoming) Justin R. Erickson (pro hac vice forthcoming) 9 LOCKRIDGE GRINDAL NAUEN P.L.L.P. 10 100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 2200 Minneapolis, MN 55401 11 Telephone: (612) 339-6900 Facsimile: (612) 339-0981 12 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 13 14 Counsel for Plaintiffs and the Proposed Class 15 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 16 FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 17 DANIEL CARROLL, DANIEL ) Case No. 18 EGERTER, and BRENDA KEEGAN, and ) ) 19 individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, ) CLASS ACTION ) COMPLAINT 20 ) Plaintiffs, 21 ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED ) 22 v. ) 23 GOOGLE LLC; GOOGLE IRELAND ) ) LIMITED; GOOGLE COMMERCE 24 LIMITED; GOOGLE ASIA PACIFIC ) ) 25 PTE. LIMITED; and GOOGLE PAYMENT CORP., ) 26 ) Defendants. ) 27 ) 28 -1- CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT Case No.: Case 3:20-cv-07379 Document 1 Filed 10/21/20 Page 2 of 70 1 Plaintiffs Daniel Carroll, Daniel Egerter and Brenda Keegan, on behalf of themselves and all 2 others similarly situated, bring this class action against Defendants Google LLC; Google Ireland Ltd.; 3 Google Commerce Ltd.; Google Asia Pacific Pte. -
Eric Schmidt at the Personal Democracy Forum
Google, Inc. Personal Democracy Forum Tom: Thank you for having us here. It’s a treat to be here. I’m Tom Friedman from The New York Times and The Flat World and my partner in crime here, Eric Schmidt, Chairman and CEO of Google. And Eric, thank you for being here. I just wanted to begin with a broad question. As a newspaper reader, it seems like Google’s in the news every day, and it’s something new. I just have a really simple question. Where are you guys going? What is the new, new thing for Google? And what is kind of the macro frame around it? Because I know these _____ stories I’m reading, they all are connected to a broader strategy. Eric: Maybe. Tom: I hope. Eric: You’re giving us a lot of credit. Well, thank you all for having us here. It’s a pretty important event, and I’m so glad people could spend the time. And thanks to the university for sponsoring it and so forth. The news this week of course is that we’re integrating the way search works. We’ve taken the disparate sources of information, video, news, and so forth, and put them together in a common set of answers, which we call universal search. What was happening of course was people were spending all their time in these specialty searches, but they really wanted to ask the right question and get all the right answers. And our signals, our algorithms as we call them, are getting better as we’re getting more information, we understand personal behavior and so forth. -
Don't Be Evil
220 Chapter 13 “Don’t Be Evil” and Beyond for High Tech Organizations: Ethical Statements and Mottos (and Responsibility) Jo Ann Oravec University of Wisconsin – Whitewater, USA ABSTRACT Societal pressures on high tech organizations to define and disseminate their ethical stances are increasing as the influences of the technologies involved expand. Many Internet-based businesses have emerged in the past decades; growing numbers of them have developed some kind of moral declaration in the form of mottos or ethical statements. For example, the corporate motto “don’t be evil” (often linked with Google/ Alphabet) has generated considerable controversy about social and cultural impacts of search engines. After addressing the origins of these mottos and statements, this chapter projects the future of such ethi- cal manifestations in the context of critically-important privacy, security, and economic concerns. The chapter analyzes potential influences of the ethical expressions on corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The chapter analyzes issues of whether “large-grained” corporate mottos can indeed serve to supply social and ethical guidance for organizations as opposed to more complex, detailed codes of ethics or comparable attempts at moral clarification. INTRODUCTION Evil is whatever Sergey [Brin] says is evil. - Eric Schmidt, former Executive Chairman of Google, as quoted in Vise and Malseed (2005) How do organizations make sense of the panoply of ethical issues they face, especially in rapidly-changing technological and social environments? Challenges are expanding for high tech research and development organizations as their technologies grow in societal impact (Broeders & Taylor, 2017), from consider- ing the problems of young people confronting cyberbullies (Oravec, 2012) to the use of social media DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-4197-4.ch013 Copyright © 2018, IGI Global. -
The Power of Google: Serving Consumers Or Threatening Competition? Hearing Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate
S. HRG. 112–168 THE POWER OF GOOGLE: SERVING CONSUMERS OR THREATENING COMPETITION? HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ANTITRUST, COMPETITION POLICY AND CONSUMER RIGHTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SEPTEMBER 21, 2011 Serial No. J–112–43 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 71–471 PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:11 Dec 21, 2011 Jkt 071471 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\HEARINGS\71471.TXT SJUD1 PsN: CMORC COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont, Chairman HERB KOHL, Wisconsin CHUCK GRASSLEY, Iowa DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah CHUCK SCHUMER, New York JON KYL, Arizona DICK DURBIN, Illinois JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota JOHN CORNYN, Texas AL FRANKEN, Minnesota MICHAEL S. LEE, Utah CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware TOM COBURN, Oklahoma RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut BRUCE A. COHEN, Chief Counsel and Staff Director KOLAN DAVIS, Republican Chief Counsel and Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON ANTITRUST, COMPETITION POLICY AND CONSUMER RIGHTS HERB KOHL, Wisconsin, Chairman CHUCK SCHUMER, New York MICHAEL S. LEE, Utah AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota CHUCK GRASSLEY, Iowa AL FRANKEN, Minnesota JOHN CORNYN, Texas RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut CAROLINE HOLLAND, Democratic Chief Counsel/Staff Director DAVID BARLOW, Republican General Counsel (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:11 Dec 21, 2011 Jkt 071471 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\HEARINGS\71471.TXT SJUD1 PsN: CMORC C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS Page Feinstein, Hon. -
The Wide World of Google: from Drive and Duo to Sheets and Photos…And More Tuesday Tech Talk - May 5, 2020
The Wide World of Google: From Drive and Duo to Sheets and Photos…and More Tuesday Tech Talk - May 5, 2020 Google is integrated with Android devices but iPhone users can also utilize most of these apps and features. You do need a google/gmail account to use many of these apps. First, do a checkup on the information Google has about you. My account Personal Info Your personal info – provided if you want people to find you on Gmail, Hangout, Maps Choose what others see – how much information do you want available for others to see? Data and Personalization Take the privacy checkup – review your settings and choose what services are activated to record your Google history View your Activity and Timeline – your phone knows where you take it. Contacts – manage and search your contacts Manage Google Activity – have you forgotten a link to a video or website you visited – check here! Ad Personalization/Ad Settings – you can tell them what kind of ads you want to see – or not see. Download, Delete or make a plan for your data – download your content anytime (like contacts) or assign an account trustee and set up a plan for who to contact and what happens to your data if you are unable to use your account for more than 3 months. Reservations – if you have made reservations using Search, Maps or Assistant, they will be listed. Accessibility – do you need a screen reader or high contrast colors? Security Security checkup – review your settings Signing in – Set up 2-Step verification to enhance security Device Activity - It recognizes your devices and notifies you of any new devices logging in to your account. -
Exhibit N.DOC
Page 1 1 of 1 DOCUMENT Copyright 2010 The Washington Post All Rights Reserved The Washington Post April 21, 2010 Wednesday Suburban Edition SECTION: A-SECTION; Pg. A15 DISTRIBUTION: Maryland LENGTH: 692 words HEADLINE: Google hackers duped company personnel to penetrate networks; Cyberattacks growing more sophisticated, experts say BYLINE: Ellen Nakashima BODY: The hackers who penetrated the computer networks of Google and more than 30 other large companies used an in- creasingly common means of attack: duping system administrators and other executives who have access to passwords, intellectual property and other information, according to cybersecurity experts familiar with the cases. "Once you gain access to the directory of user names and passwords, in minutes you can take over a network," said George Kurtz, worldwide chief technology officer for McAfee, a Silicon Valley computer security firm that has been working with more than half a dozen of the targeted companies. Kurtz and others said hackers are mounting ever more sophisticated and effective attacks that often begin with a ruse familiar to many computer users -- a seemingly innocuous link or attachment that admits malicious software. The attacks were publicized in January when Google, one of the world's most advanced tech firms, announced that intruders had penetrated its network and compromised valuable intellectual property. Google asserted that the attacks originated in China; Chinese officials say they are investigating. The New York Times reported on its Web site Monday that the Google theft included source code for a password system that controls access to almost all of the company's Web services. But the cyber-espionage campaign went far beyond Google, targeting companies with apparently strong intrusion- detection systems, including Adobe, Northrop Grumman and Yahoo, industry sources said. -
Prayingforamericaexcerpt.Pdf
Praying for America 40 Inspiring Stories and Prayers for Our Nation Dr. Robert Jeffress New York • Nashville Contents Introduction: America’s Only Hope vii 1. For God’s Will to Be Done 1 2. For Religious Freedom 5 3. For Truth to Prevail 10 4. For Protection from Our Enemies 15 5. For National Unity 19 INTRODUCTION America’s Only Hope Pluribus Unum—“Out of many, one.” E This is the traditional motto of the United States of America. From the first shots of the American Revolution to the British surrender at Yorktown when we won our independence, thirteen diverse colonies fought as one. And though passions threatened our unity during the process of ratification, in the end, compromise and conviction led to a Constitution that has become the envy of the world. However, since E Pluribus Unum first appeared on the Great Seal of the United States, Americans, with the exception of the time during the Civil War, have never been more divided. Today, our nation seems to be closer to Unum De Multis—“Out of one, many.” How did we get to this state of division? We could blame the radicalization of our universities, the degradation of our culture, or the politicization of our everyday lives. We could blame America’s disunity on the breakdown of the family, the incivility we see in the news and on social media, or the church’s loss of cultural influence. But it all comes down to a simple answer: We have forgotten God. When people no longer love God, they can no longer love themselves rightly. -
The Political Economy of Youtube
You Tube as an cultural form Wasko & Erickson – The Political Economy of YouTube Janet Wasko and Mary Erickson Political Economy of Communication The discussion in this article draws on a political economic analy- sis of media. The study of political economy is about how societies are organized and controlled and it is very much about the analysis of power. The Political In the 1970s, Graham Murdock and Peter Golding defined political econ- omy of communication as fundamentally interested in studying commu- nication and media as commodities produced by capitalist industries.4 More recent theoretical discussions of this approach have been offered Economy of 5 by Vincent Mosco, Robert McChesney, Janet Wasko and others. How- ever, in general, the study of political economy of the media is about YouTube how the media are organized and controlled within the larger political economy. In other words, it is concerned with who has power to make decisions about the media, and who benefits from these decisions. In Since YouTube was launched in 2005, many have heralded the video- other words, it is about understanding how power relations actually sharing website as a democratizing media platform that would convert work within and around the media. media consumers into producers and reshape the entire landscape of In media studies, critical political economy has grown over the years media. Some argue that the site is contributing to a fundamental trans- and is now recognized as a distinct tradition. While critical political econ- formation in political discourse and policy too.1 From its very early days, omy does not claim to explain everything, political economists have corporate organizations have heralded YouTube as a potential goldmine examined a wide range of communication and media issues and practic- of relatively effortless profit, where millions (and soon to be billions) of es, including the traditional mass media, and more recently, computers eyeballs would translate into huge revenues for YouTube, venture capi- and information technologies. -
Family Sharing Access to Experts Member Benefits
Google One is a membership to get more out of Google. Members get additional storage across Gmail, Google Drive, and Google Photos, expert support, and extra benefits – all in one shareable family plan. With a new Chromebook purchase, customers are eligible to redeem a 12 month, 100 GB trial of Google One. Additional Storage There’s space for everything! With 100 GB of storage, customers can keep their favorite photos and videos safe, always accessible, and ready to share. Plus, they’ll have plenty of space to save all of their important Gmail attachments and files. Keep memories in focus Access files anywhere Safe and secure With Google Photos, customers have From files saved in Google Drive With industry leading security, unlimited free storage for high quality to photos taken on their phone, customers can rest easy knowing photos. Now with Google One, customers can find what they need that their most important files are customers can store original quality from any device, anywhere. safely stored in the cloud. (full resolution) photos and videos and still have space to spare. Family sharing Access to experts Member benefits Customers can add up to Direct access to people who To top it all off, customers can 5 additional family members to speak fluent Google. Customers enjoy extra benefits from other their plan. Family members get extra can call, chat or email a dedicated Google products, like Google Play space for their own personal stuff, team of experts to get help with credits, hotel discounts, and more. plus all the benefits of Google One. -
Google Hostload Prediction Based on Bayesian Model with Optimized Feature Combination
J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 74 (2014) 1820–1832 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jpdc Google hostload prediction based on Bayesian model with optimized feature combination Sheng Di a,∗, Derrick Kondo a, Walfredo Cirne b a INRIA, 51, avenue Jean Kuntzmann, Grenoble, France b Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA h i g h l i g h t s • We devise an exponentially segmented pattern model for the hostload prediction. • We devise a Bayes method and exploit 10 features to find the best-fit combination. • We evaluate the Bayes method and 8 other well-known load prediction methods. • The experiment is based on Google trace with over 10 k hosts and millions of jobs. • The pattern prediction with Bayes method has much higher precision than others. article info a b s t r a c t Article history: We design a novel prediction method with Bayes model to predict a load fluctuation pattern over a Received 4 May 2013 long-term interval, in the context of Google data centers. We exploit a set of features that capture the Received in revised form expectation, trend, stability and patterns of recent host loads. We also investigate the correlations among 18 August 2013 these features and explore the most effective combinations of features with various training periods. All of Accepted 4 October 2013 the prediction methods are evaluated using Google trace with 10,000C heterogeneous hosts. Experiments Available online 18 October 2013 show that our Bayes method improves the long-term load prediction accuracy by 5.6%–50%, compared to other state-of-the-art methods based on moving average, auto-regression, and/or noise filters. -
Spectralink 87-Series Version 1.7.0.12599 Release Notes
Spectralink 87-Series Wireless Telephone Release Notes Spectralink 87-Series Software 1.7 Spectralink 87-Series Software 1.7 November 2015, v1 Release Notes Spectralink 87-Series Software Copyright Notice © 2014-2015 Spectralink Corporation. All rights reserved. SpectralinkTM, the Spectralink logo and the names and marks associated with Spectralink’s products are trademarks and/or service marks of Spectralink Corporation and are common law marks in the United States and various other countries. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. No portion hereof may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, for any purpose other than the recipient’s personal use, without the express written permission of Spectralink. All rights reserved under the International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this manual, or the software described herein, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or translated into another language or format, in whole or in part, without the express written permission of Spectralink Corporation. Do not remove (or allow any third party to remove) any product identification, copyright or other notices. Android™, Google™, Google Play™ and other marks are trademarks of Google, Inc. Notice Spectralink Corporation has prepared this document for use by Spectralink personnel and customers. The drawings and specifications contained herein are the property of Spectralink and shall be neither reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written approval of Spectralink, nor be implied to grant any license to make, use, or sell equipment manufactured in accordance herewith. Spectralink reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice, and the reader should in all cases consult Spectralink to determine whether any such changes have been made.