THE 22nd SOVIET CONGRESS Moscow-Peking Rift Deepens

B y M urry Weiss leaders addressed themselves above all to the Soviet referred to Khrushchev as a “revisionist.” Since then working masses and youth. The program they presented Moscow has increasingly withdrawn credit and military OCT. 24 — The long pent-up struggle between Mos­ was studded with promises of greater democracy, higher installations from Albania. Recently Peking announced cow and Peking erupted at the 22nd Congress of the living standards, greater equality and other reforms. Such it was offering that country $123 million — a sum equal Soviet Communist Party when Khrushchev denounced concessions and promises are reflections of the irresist- the Albanian Communist Party, which is closely allied to all the credits from the Soviet bloc during Albania’s able demands of the Soviet masses. previous Five Year Plan. with Peking, as guilty of the Stalinist “cult of person­ The public dispute was of Moscow’s, not Peking’s, a lity .” choosing. The fuse was lit by the Kremlin’s calculated On the Congress’ third day, Chou En-lai, Premier of Simultaneously Khrushchev renewed the campaign exclusion of the Albanian Workers (Communist) Party the People’s Republic of China, rose in public opposition within the Soviet CP against the 1957 “anti-party” group as a fraternal delegation. Then in his opening speech, to the Kremlin’s attack on the Albanians, although he of Molotov, Kaganovich, Malenkov and Voroshilov. This Oct. 17, Khrushchev accused the Albanian CP of having refrained from mentioning Khrushchev by name “Open was the first time the latter was publicly added to the “ embarked on the road of a sharp worsening of relations condemnation of a fraternal party,” Chou said, “can only list. Speakers then attacked them as “criminal,” “de­ with our party and the Soviet Union.” Moreover, “the grieve our friends and gladden our enemies.” generate” and bearing “personal responsibility” for Stal­ Albanian leaders do not hide the fact that the course The next day, Oct. 20, Anastas Mikoyan, first deputy in’s mass murders and frame-ups. taken by our party towards a decisive overcoming of the premier of the USSR, with arguments obviously aimed In each case of this double barrage, the Khrushchevites harmful consequences of the cult of Stalin’s individuality at China, accused the Albanian CP of “sliding into a repeatedly invoked the revelations about the Stalin cult does not please them .” nationalist position.” Top Soviet and party officials and made at the historic 20th Congress of the Soviet CP. At the conference of the 81 Communist Parties in foreign delegates now joined in a command roll call The open cleavage between Moscow and Peking and Moscow a year ago, Albania openly supported Peking’s of speeches supporting Khrushchev and by condemning the new attack on the “anti-party” group were position on “peaceful coexistence” and related matters. Albania and its “cult of leadership.” dramatic high points in a Congress where the Kremlin Enver Hoxha, head of the Albanian regime, reportedly (Continued on Page 2) Latin Americans THE Put Brake on U.S. Drive Against Cuba By Harry Ring MILITANT The mounting anti-imperialist movement in Latin America is Published in the Interests of the Working People putting new stumbling blocks in the way of the Wall Street-organ­ Vol. 25 - No. 39 Monday, October 30, 1961 Price 10c ized gang-up on Cuba. Coincident with reports of revolutionary demonstrations in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and the Dominican Re­ public, came word from Wash­ Monroe Civil Rights Fighter ington Oct. 24 that the major Latin American countries had forced postponement of a pro­ Released on $15,000 Bail jected meeting of the Organization of American States which was to Richard Crowder, 19, a defend­ full sum in cash were made by have laid the basis for “hemis­ ant in the trumped-up kidnap the Committee to Aid the Monroe pheric action” against Cuba. case against Negroes and Freedom Defendants. Its chairman, Dr. A. The demand for postponement Riders in Monroe, N.C., was re­ E. Perry of Monroe, personally came from the governments of leased on $15,000 b ail Monday, carried out the technicalities of Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Uru­ Rock-hurling Dominican students pursue secret police down guay and Ecuador and mocked the Oct. 23. having Crowder released and ac­ the street in Ciudad Trujillo after cops used guns and clubs to Oct. 11 words of Secretary of Arrangements for posting the companied him from the Union smash an ti-T ru jillo demonstrations. County jail to his home. It was State Rusk who said the pending the biggest bail the clerk of the OAS meeting demonstrated that court has received in the 20 years Latin America was becoming in­ High Court Sends he has occupied the post. creasingly “disturbed” about the Castro regime. Demonstrations by Students Richard Crowder was born and brought up in Monroe, graduating Fresh Jo lt De Gregory to Jail last year from Winchester High, The state or New Hampshire the segregated school there. When Washington suffered another RockDominican Dictatorship was handed another w itch -h u n t the Freedom Riders went to Mon­ jolt with the Oct. 22 press dis­ OCT. 24 — Continuing mass viously refused to consider the victim Oct, 23 when the Supreme roe this past August, local Negro closure that one Col. Mariano demonstrations by students and plea until twelve military men, Court upheld, 5-4, the contempt youth formed the Monroe Non- Faget, a top-ranking Batista conviction of Hugo De Gregory workers are shaking the Trujillo associates or relatives of Trujillo Violent Action Committee to work henchman, was employed by the Sr., had left the country. for refusing to cooperate with with them. Crowder was elected U.S. Immigration Service to inter­ dictatorship in the Dominican Re­ State Attorney General Wyman, Balaguer, him self a close asso­ president of the MNVAC. rogate and screen Cuban refugees public. President Joaquin Bala- a one-man “anti-subversive” in­ ciate of the bloody dictator who In addition to bailing out at the Opa-Locka detention cen­ guer, after seven days of demon­ ruled the island nation for 30 vestigating committee. Crowder, the Committee to Aid ter near Miami. De Gregory now faces a year in strations sparked by students at years until he was assassinated the Monroe Defendants this past prison. Embarrassed State Department the University of Santo Domingo, last May, was obviously attempt­ weekend delivered a station About seven years ago De Gre­ spokesmen said that they hadn’t announced Oct. 23 that “several ing to conciliate some sections of wagon and trailer load of food gory returned voluntarily from known Faget was being used in members” of the Trujillo family the opposition in an effort to keep and clothing to the needy and California to testify on behalf of th a t p a rticu la r capacity and that were leaving the country. Two the Dom inican masses fro m break­ hard-pressed colored community his father-in-law who had been he would be removed from the brothers of the late tyrant Rafael ing out in a social revolution. of Monroe. brought before Wyman. On his re­ job. (They didn’t deny that they Trujillo Sr. were among those Just before Balaguer made his Crowder is the second of four turn he was quickly subpeonaed knew he was employed by the reported leaving, but the tyrant’s offer, government agents closed people arrested in the kidnap as a subject of investigation him­ Immigration Service and they also son, Rafael Jr., who heads the the headquarters of the Dominican frame-up now out on bond. Mrs. self. To force him to name names, didn’t specify that he would be armed forces, remained. Popular Movement, described as Mae Mallory of Brooklyn, who re­ a special “immunity” law was removed from U.S. employ.) Balaguer also renewed his plea pro-Castro. pushed through the state legisla­ cently was arrested in Cleveland The Oct. 22 New York Times for a coalition with the moderate ture stripping him of his rights on the same charge, was released tried to soften the news of Faget’s opposition group, the National University Protest (Continued on Page 3) (Continued on Page 2) Civic Union. This group had pre- under the Fifth Amendment. The The current series of mass dem­ present high court decision af­ onstrations began Oct. 16 at the firmed the denial of his rights University in protest against the under the First Amendment. In an appointment of a new rector, pro- earlier decision against De Gregory Garza Urges English-Spanish Ballots in New York Trujillo Jose Manuel Machada. it upheld the state “immunity” NEW YORK Oct. 26 — Richard ity here is fully serviced by large This is already the case in the For several days bands of stu­ law which in effect nullifies the Garza, Socialist Workers Party daily newspapers, radio, TV, mo­ state of New Mexico, where Span­ dents, joined by workers, ripped Fifth Amendment. candidate for mayor, today issued vies and by a great variety of ish is an official language. It up parking meters — a source of the following statement on the should also be so in New York graft — destroyed Trujillo pic­ news magazines and other media federal court ruling upholding the City. tures and statues and fought with New York State English literacy — all in the Spanish language. police. test for voters: “The fact is that these people The demonstrations reached “This requirement denies voting know more than most New York­ New York SWP Slate's their height Oct. 20 when youths rights to 200,000 fu lly qualified ers about the problems of the city. Radio and TV Schedule took over two blocks in Ciudad citizens of this city and the court They know about slums and low- Sat., Oct. 28, 2:30-3 p.m. Trujillo and stood around shout­ ruling upholds that disfranchise­ wages because most of them suf­ Channel 2 Fred Halstead ing “Liberty!” They were attacked fer these ills. They have been dis­ ment. These people are U.S. citi­ Sat., Oct. 28, 9-11 p.m. by police armed with automatic franchised because the Democratic rifles, w ater hoses and tear gas. zens, m any o f whom have voted Channel 11 Richard Garza in U.S. elections in Puerto Rico. and Republication parties don’t They fought back with stones Sun., Oct. 29, 12:30-1 p.m. But when they come here their want to contend with them as a and thousands of people stood on Channel 7 Richard Garza right to vote is taken away. political force. nearby streets cheering them. At “ There is not the slightest shred “The citing by the court of the Wed., Nov. 1, 12:30-1 a.m. least two young men were killed of logic in the court’s position that fact that the ballots are printed Radio, 570 A M and about 15 policemen injured in the state has a right to restrict in English as good reason for the Sylvia Weinstein that clash. The next day, the gov­ voting to those literate in English voting ban simply shows the most Thur., Nov. 2, 9-10 p.m. ernment removed the newly ap­ on the grounds that people who callous disregard for the Bill of Channel 2 Richard Garza pointed rector, but demonstrations don’t read English won’t know Rights and democratic processes. Sun., Nov. 5, 2-3 p.m. against the government and police what is going on in government. Ballots could easily contain both Channel 4 Richard Garza brutality continued sporadically Hugo De Gregory The Spanish-speaking commun- languages, at an insignificant cost. across the country. Page Two THE MILITANT M onday, October 30, 1961 ... Moscow-Peking Rift NEW CAMPAIGN IS LAUNCHED (Continued from Page 1) ary struggle for socialist democ­ ruling Presidium in 1956 as the TO WIN FREEDOM FOR SOBELL However, delegates from the racy by “ideological means.” posthumous rehabilitation of Mar­ Communist Parties of Vietnam, In the Congress speeches, N i­ shal Mikhail N. Tukhachevsky By Myra Tanner Weiss North Korea, Japan, Indonesia kolai Podogorny of the Ukraine, was being discussed. The marshal NEW YORK — A National and India have thus far declined called Kaganovich “a real sadist” was one of several Soviet m ilitary Planning Conference of the Com­ to echo Khrushchev’s attack on and “ a degenerate.” Yekaterina A. leaders executed in 1937 on falsi­ mittee to Secure Justice for Mor­ Albania and thus by implication Furtseva, the Soviet Minister of fied treason charges. ton Sobell met here Oct. 14-15. It support Peking. Culture, told the Congress that “According to Miss Furtseva, launched a campaign designed to Mr. Khrushchev asked Mr. Molo­ From Tirana, Albanian ruler Kaganovich had been personally force the Justice Department and tov at the meeting: ‘Were you sin­ Enver Hoxha, declared in a radio responsible for the execution of the new Administration to look at cere when you voted for Tukha- speech (Oct. 20): “The Albanian hundreds of railroad executives the case of M orton Sobell long chevsky’s liquidation or are you Workers Party, which cannot keep while he was railroad minister enough to see that he was not sincere now in supporting his re­ silent, w ill acquaint the entire in­ during the purges in the 1950’s. given a fair trial, and that he has habilitation?’ According to the ternational and Communist work­ (Khrushchev’s role in the Ukra­ spent 12 years in jail despite his Culture Minister, Mr. Malenkov ine, however, has never been dis­ innocence. ers movement and the entire said to Mr. Khrushchev on that world opinion of the truth of the closed though he was Stalin’s In the past the Sobell Commit­ occasion, ‘Are you trying to relations between the Albanian chief lieutenant there during the tee has concentrated a major part frighten us?’ ” Workers Party and the leadership height of mass murder in the of its efforts on reaching the pub­ This same question might also of the Communist Party of the 1930’s and 1940’s.) be raised about Khrushchev’s lic through petition campaigns Soviet Union and w ill unmask the K irill T. Mazarov, presently the “sincerity” in supporting Stalin’s and letters. Many prominent anti-Marxist and anti-Albanian Americans were persuaded to Byelorussian party chief, told the mass m urders in the 1930’s and activity of Nikita S. Khrushchev study the trial records of the Congress that Malenkov, as the his present “sincerity” in attempt­ and his group.” Rosenberg-Sobell “conspiracy” CP’s Central Committee represen­ ing to shift the responsibility for Morton Sobell The fragmenting of the Stalinist tative to Byelorussia in 1937, had Stalinism onto the leaders of the case of 1953 and were thereby convinced that the convictions monolith was further manifested collaborated with GUP chief “anti-party” group. Such “sinceri­ militant struggle to bring the were either unfair or an outright by a speech of Khrushchev taking Nikolai I. Yezhov and had falsified ty” cannot bear examination with­ truth of this case to the American frame-up. They joined in numer­ another swipe at Yugoslavia. This charges of an “anti-Soviet” Bye­ out the fully documented facts people. Helen Sobell set the ex­ ous appeals for a new trial of evoked from Marshal Tito the lorussian underground. about a ll the Soviet leaders. Once ample when she took her two chil­ Morton Sobell, for amnesty, for retort that the accusations “are According to the Oct. 21 New the whole record is exhumed, a dren and picketed the White clemency, or for any judicial or on the line of old charges. I would Y ork Times Madame Furtseva genuine investigation w ill find House. The Conference followed administrative step that would merely wish to add that the “related an alleged incident said guilty not individual criminals suit by joining Mrs. Sobell in an­ end the torture of innocent people. achievements of the liberation to have taken place in the party’s but an entire bureaucratic caste. other picket demonstration im­ Despite the protest of these many struggle and the Socialist con­ mediately following its planning thousands of people in this coun­ struction of Yugoslavia are the work, Oct. 16. try and other parts of the world, concern of the Yugoslav people The Committee for Justice for Morton Sobell still languishes in themselves.” Morton Sobell is asking each of its ... U.S. Drive A gainst Cuba prison. In an unprecedented step, thousands of supporters to pledge Pravda published Chou’s speech (Continued from Page 1) forego Batista, but it aims to re­ Helen Sobell and many dele­ a day for justice-to be spent pic­ opposing Khrushchev on Albania. government employment with this store the Batistianos to power. gates to the National Planning keting in support of the demand Hsinhua, the Chinese press agency assertion: “Although he was as­ It’s this perspective that opens Conference had great hope that a for a review of the Rosenberg- quoted Chou as follow s: “ The U.S. sociated for nearly 20 years with the “crusade” to every kind of new, Democratic Administration Sobell case. New legal motions imperialists and the Yugoslav re­ different Batista governments in reactionary vermin and permits would make justice possible at w ill soon be made in court. But visionist clique are trying by ev­ the capacity of a secret police of­ use of every dirty trick in the last. That hope was cruelly de­ the primary task is to force the ery means to sow dissension and ficial, Colonel Faget has not been book. stroyed after Kennedy’s victory case in to the public eye. disrupt the unity of the progres­ personally identified with the tor­ For example, on Oct. 13 Jules when the Justice Department re­ The target date for the next en­ sive forces throughout the world.” tures, m urders and other excesses DuBois, chairman of the “freedom jected on a mere technicality a larged demonstration in Washing­ of the Batista dictatorship.” of the press” committee of the new appeal for clemency. ton is Nov. 26. Demonstrations on Abrupt Departure This simply isn’t true. His ac­ Inter-American Press Association, But the frustration of those who that date will be organized in Premier Chou’s abrupt depar­ tivities during the first Batista made public documents said to be have fought for justice for Morton other cities. It is hoped that these ture from the Congress on Oct. 23 regime earned him such popular provided by a defecting employe Sobell for over a decade became protests will grow until Morton was interpreted as a sign of the hatred that he was the target of of the Cuban embassy in Argen­ the fuel for a new program of Sobell is free. further worsening of the Chinese an unsuccessful assassination plot. tina. The documents purported to dispute with Moscow. Faget’s last job with Batista was be letters from Cuba’s deputy The press quoted Mikoyan as as director of the Bureau of Rep­ foreign minister, Carlos Olivares, saying about the “anti-party” ression of Communist Activities giving sinister instructions for TRUTH-A WEBSTER DEFINITION destroying the “free press” in group, “If they were still in the whose record of foul crimes creat­ Dear Reader: “news” is Washington-Wall Street period of the cult of personality, ed a stench throughout the civil­ Latin America. The U.S. govern­ This letter is addressed partic­ oriented to try to make everyone they would have been liquidated ized world. He is presently ment put the stamp of authenticity ularly to those readers who get “think” the way the government long ago by means they know only wanted on charges of murder and on the documents. th e ir M ilita n ts from the big-city (or its rulers, the Wall Street too well. We prefer to go against other crimes by the Cuban gov­ The New York Times (“All the newsstands which we service. barons) want them to. The news them by ideological means.” ernment. News That’s Fit to Print” ) on Oct. I have just sent a personal let­ you get in The Militant is material It is true that the “anti-party” The use of types like Faget is 13 devoted 16 column inches to that is either entirely suppressed group leaders were not shot by completely consistent with the this “exposure.” ter to all those readers who get their papers by subscription. A l­ by the kept press or so slanted as the top Kremlin group, but it cer­ real nature of the anti-Cuban On Oct. 18, the Times gave a ll to be fa r less than the tru th . though the first letters went out tainly did not employ “ideological “crusade.” Talk of restoring “de­ of 2 1/2 inches — buried at the bot­ We have been accused of lifting means.” To this day the genuine m ocracy” to Cuba is so much tom of a page — to a statement ju st three days ago, this m orning’s mail brought in contributions from the Voice of America’s slogan issues in dispute have not been Madison Avenue hogwash. A Fa­ by the Argentine Foreign Minis­ “truth dollars.” The actual fact is H.M. (his second), J.S., and A revealed. The ranks of the So­ get is assigned to screen out those try that examination by handwrit­ Friend in the Bronx, N.Y. We that the word “truth” in their viet party and the world have opponents of the Cuban revolution ing experts had shown the docu­ slogan means imperialist propa­ thank them sincerely. never heard the viewpoint of the who may really take seriously the ments to be forgeries. ganda. The word in our slogan As I told our subscribers, it is Molotov - Malenkov - Kaganovich propaganda notion put forward by means what Mr. Webster and Mr. But the campaign against Cuba not possible for The Militant to group. Nor did the Kremlin li­ some of “ Fidelism o without Fidel.” Merriam still define it as — “con­ is not being confined to forgeries. maintain itself on its very low quidate the Hungarian revolution- Washington may be willing to formity with fact or reality . . . A recent visitor to Central Amer­ subscription rates, and we have al­ honesty, uprightness and integri­ ica reports that a former Batista ways had to depend on our loyal ty .” officeholder boasted openly that readers to keep the paper coming Please send our kind of “truth since the crushing of the last in­ out week after week. dollars” to The Militant Fund, 116 How Cuba Uprooted vasion a whole new force has been I t also goes w ith o u t saying that Weekly Calendar University Place, New York 3, trained in the Panama Canal Zone readers of our paper get far dif­ and other areas and that as soon Race Discrimination ferent fare than that dished up in NY Marvel Scholl, LOS ANGELES By Harry Bing as sufficient materiel becomes the daily capitalist papers. That Fund Director Two Sunday Classes. From Nov. 5 available from the U.S. an inva­ through Nov. 26. ( 1) Current Economic Introduction by sion force of 15,000 to 20,000 men w ill be hurled against Cuba. Thinking in the Light of Marxist Theory. Richard Gibson Instructor, Theodore Edwards, each Sun­ Meanwhile, in Miami counter­ Fund Scoreboard day at I I a.m. (2) Strategy in the 16 pages 15 cents revolutionary spokesmen asserted Struggle for Negro Liberation in the that an invasion wouldn’t be C ity Quota Paid Percent U.S. By Negro Affairs Committee, M ilit­ Pioneer Publishers ant Labor Forum, each Sunday at 12:30 needed, that internal opposition p.m. A ll sessions at Forum H all, 1702 E. 116 University Place would topple the Castro govern­ St. Louis $ 95.00 $ 95.00 100 4th St. Contrib. $1.50 per series. Individ­ New York 3, N.Y. ment. But, they hastily added, Boston 600.00 600.00 100 ual sessions, 50 cents. Ausp. M ilita n t this couldn’t be done without U.S. Denver 100.00 97.00 97 Labor Forum. “ assistance.” * * * D e tro it 665.00 565.00 94 Connecticut 160.00 145.00 91 The W o rld Conflict Between Capital- Price Cut to 50c ism and Socialism — The New Khrushchev Twin Cities 1,300.00 1,191.00 91 Program and the Lenin Program. Speak­ Special Offer San Diego 300.00 245.00 82 ers: Milton Alvin, Socialist Workers Par­ Negroes on the March N ewark 160.00 122.00 76 ty, and Bennett Tangen, Young Socialist To New Readers A lliance. Sat., Nov. 11, 8:15 p.m. 1702 Chicago 900.00 610.00 68 by Daniel Guerin A four-month trial sub­ E. 4th St. C ontrib. 75 cents (Students San Francisco 600.00 410.00 68 25 cents.) Ausp. SWP and YSA. scription to The M ilitant for One of the best books ever writ­ Los Angeles 5,300.00 3,214.00 61 • ten on the nature, problems and only 50 cents. Send this cou­ Seattle 530.00 312.00 59 prospects of the Negro struggle pon with payment to: The for equality. Berkeley-Oakland 530.00 305.00 58 N EW YORK Militant, 116 U n iv e rs ity Gala Wind-Up Campaign Celebra­ New Y o rk 4.700.00 2,617.00 55 192 pages, paper cover Place, New York 3, N.Y. tion. Meet the Socialist Workers candi- A llentow n 130.00 67.00 52 didates. Fun — Food — Frolic. Sat., (hard cover $1.50) Philadelphia 320.00 153.00 48 Nov.. 4, 8:30 p.m. at 116 University Name ...... Place. Contrib. $1. Ausp. Socialist Cleveland 530.00 254.00 48 Workers Campaign Committee. Order from Street ...... M ilw aukee 320.00 95.00 30 * * * Pioneer Publishers General 152.00 Just Returned from Cuba. Hear James 116 University Place C ity ...... Zone------O'Connor, economist at Barnard Col­ TOTALS $17,240.00 $11,249.00 66 New York 3, N. Y. lege. Fri., Nov. 10, 8:30 p.m. 116 Uni­ through Oct. 29 varsity Place. Contrib. $1. Ausp. M ili­ State ...... tant Labor Forum. Monday, October 30, 1961 THE MILITANT Page Three

The Monroe Story t h e MILITANT Why Robert Williams Was a Marked Man Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: GEORGE LAVAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY By George Lavan returned from his visits a con­ shock — its first picket lines. Published weekly, except for omission of five summer issues, by The Militant Robert F. Williams’ suspension vinced Fidelista. What the Afro- Mobs formed and Williams and Publishing Ass’n., 116 University PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone CH 3-2140. Second- as president of the Union County Cubans had won in Cuba, he felt others who brought the young class postage paid at N ew Y o rk, N .Y . Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; branch of the NAACP expired Afro-Americans should fight for pickets to the pool in autos open­ foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The before the end of the year and in the United States. His feelings ly carried weapons (which is per­ Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. he was unanimously reelected. might be likened to those of Lin­ fectly legal in the state) to protect NAACP national and state of­ coln Steffens who, after his visit them if necessary. Continued pick­ Vol. 25 - No. 39 Monday, October 30, 1961 ficers had made some efforts to to the young Soviet Republic in eting led the authorities to close prevent this but far from finding its days of proletarian democracy, the pool completely. someone who could defeat him had declared: “I have seen the On June 23 an attempt — the they were unable to find anybody future and it works.” first of four — was made on W il­ The Soviet Superbomb willing to run against him. The Crusader now began to car­ liams’ life. A prominent white But for all practical purposes ry a great deal of news about businessman of the community The day after the Soviet Union exploded its superbomb, Earl the branch was under ban as Cuba and what was being done locked bumpers with Williams Russell led a delegation to the Soviet Embassy in London to lodge an outlaw unit — receiving no as­ there. Williams was one of the small foreign car and pushed him a protest. In a not insignificant way, his action summed up the sistance or cooperation from state initiating sponsors of the Fair Play at great speed down the highway political result of the blast. During the past number of years or national bodies. Thus when for Cuba Committee. He later for a quarter of a mile before he Russell has become the best known figure ip a substantial inter­ the lunch-counter sit-ins conduct­ made a highly successful coast-to- was able to break free. (This is coast lecture tour for that organ­ national movement to ban the bomb — a movement that by its ed by Williams and young people a trick which was shown in the ization. very logic has progressive, anti-im perialist significance. This has of Monroe resulted in his arrest, popular movie Bad Day at Black been so because — until the Soviet resumption of tests — all in an almost perfect test case of Contempt for Uncle Toms Rock in which, appropriately the trespass laws, the state or­ those who wanted to fight the bomb found themselves fighting Williams had supreme contempt enough, a racist tries to kill the ganization refused to appeal the investigator of a white supremacist the U.S. warmakers and their allies. For millions around the for Negro leaders who went case because W illiam s was “ too abroad for the State Department murder.) Police witnessed the globe it was becoming increasingly apparent that the basic re­ controversial.” whole episode but refused to act sponsibility for the war danger rested with the capitalist powers. to deny or minimize the racist op­ During his suspension Williams pression in the U.S. Such men­ even after Williams gave them had begun publication of a week­ the name and license plate num­ The principal result of the Soviet explosions has been to dacious “loyalty” he considered ly newsletter titled The Crusader. treason to the Negro struggle and ber of his assailant. divert the eyes of anti-war fighters from the proper target — It was an eight-page mimeo­ world imperialism. to the truth as well as to what The trumped-up kidnap charges graphed, hard-hitting journal of this country should be. From the against Williams accomplished the news and opinion. The mechanical Khrushchev and his supporters seek to justify the resumption experience of the Kissing Case he Monroe authorities’ much desired and editorial work was done en­ of tests on the grounds that they were necessary to perfect a de­ fully realized the importance of ends. That a hand-picked local tirely by Williams, his wife Mable world public opinion as an ally of jury would impose a life sen­ fense against the threat of Western attack and, secondly, to stay (who soon displayed considerable the hand of the warmakers by demonstrating to them the awesome anti-Jim Crow forces in the U.S. tence was almost a certainty. journalistic talent as well as typ­ Consequently he preached and Williams chose to flee and is safe m ilitary might of the Soviet Union. ing and mimeographing ability), practised unsparing truth-telling in Cuba. Though they are cheated and several supporters in Monroe. about U.S. racism to foreigners. of their vengeance, Monroe’s ra­ The argument is false. Explosion of superbombs certainly This little paper gave Williams strikes fear into the hearts of the ordinary people of the world, He did this with the many foreign cists are congratulating them­ the opportunity to express his selves on achieving their end — but they won’t stop the warmakers. Didn’t they already know visitors who came to see him in views on local, national and inter­ Monroe, with correspondents of rem oving h im fro m the scene. about Soviet might? Wasn’t there a Lunik and Sputnik? A Yuri national events. Its exposes of foreign newspapers and w ith audi­ Gagarin circling the globe? Yet these demonstrations of the giant local racist activities and injus­ But their congratulations may ences in Canada and Cuba. prove premature. Even if Robert Soviet technological advances did not deter the bellicosity of the tices to Negroes caused it to exer­ When, for example, he received Williams is unable soon to return Western cold warriors from reaching a new pitch. cise considerable influence among the county’s colored population. word in Cuba that the Ku Klux to Monroe, as he has declared he Encircled by an aggressive capitalist world, the USSR has For the white-supremacists and Klan had made threats against his intends, Monroe’s racist rulers are wife and children in Monroe, he in for some nasty shocks. Any the right and duty to build its m ilitary defense. But in a struggle city officials it was as infuriat­ summoned reporters and stormed visitor to Monroe who is trusted of this kind — a struggle between two conflicting social orders ing as a hornet. Because of its uniqueness and the militant to the U.S. Embassy and demanded by the colored community is struck — m ilitary defense has effectiveness only to the extent that it federal protection for his family. by the ardor with which the young is related to the only meaningful defense against capitalist war. views of its editor The Crusader came to have quite a national and The fury with which local and people embrace their absent lead­ That defense is the building of an international, anti-war, anti­ even international circulation. state officials regarded him now er’s ideas. They do not feel de­ capitalist mass movement. came to be shared by federal feated but are impatient to renew Educational Weapon authorities. the struggle. Explosion of nightmarish superbombs impedes the building of The newsletter allowed him to Word went from Washington to such a movement and affords the imperialists a dangerously po­ A generation ago Monroe pro­ display the breadth of his vision the wire services (AP and UPI) duced but one Robert Williams; tent propaganda weapon. and to draw from world and na­ and from Raleigh to local papers in the present generation there it A random example: a war-mongering gutter rag like the tional events information and les­ to suppress statements made by has reproduced him by the dozens. N e w Y o rk Daily M irror suddenly emerges as an anti-bomb cham­ sons important to the education Williams. Attorney General Rob­ The ancient Greek myth tells of pion. The day after the superbomb explosion it carried a scream­ of the colored working people of ert Kennedy systematically ig­ fully armed warriors springing the South. For this was always nored his telegrams protesting ing headline — World Cries: Stop It Now! from dragon’s teeth sown in the the audience which Williams kept racist violence in Monroe. (This ground. Williams sowed dragon’s The decision to resume the tests in blatant disregard of pop­ in mind. The aim of The Crusader was an important factor in the teeth in Monroe and the repres­ ular world opinion is an expression of the narrow nationalist could well be summed up in the August 27 violence. Monroe police sion of the racists has caused to outlook of Khrushchev and his associates. Granted, the latest ex­ phrase: To educate and agitate. believed they had a virtual license spring forth a bumper crop of plosion more than demonstrates that the USSR has the power For a Negro in the South to from state and federal authorities courageous and militant young speak out boldly and militantly to wipe out the capitalist sector of the world. Is this the perspec­ to do whatever they pleased fighters for racial equality. for complete equality for his peo­ against Williams and the Freedom tive that the heads of a workers’ state have to offer the workers (Last of a series.) ple, and to do it without even the Riders.) of the West? The prospect of destruction instead of the prospect protective semi-religious colora­ A prime example of the acute of socialism? tion of pacifism, was staggering embarrassment that Williams It is not simply a matter of justice to the workers still living enough for the white supremacists caused Washington was his ironic . . . Released on Bail under capitalism. In the hands of these workers there is the and powers-that-be in North telegram during the United Na­ (Continued from Page 1) Carolina. But Williams went even tions debate over the U.S.-spon­ strength to stay the hands of the warmakers. Nobody w ill ever on $7,500 b ail on Oct. 20. She is further — he took liberties which sored invasion of Cuba. fighting attempts by North Caro­ build a bomb more powerful than a progressive social force. Peace not even white men in the South lina officials to have her ex­ w ill be won not by bigger bombs, but by a victorious socialist Telegram to Roa dared. His newsletter openly criti­ tradited from Ohio. movement. Anything that endangers the building of that move­ Williams addressed the telegram cized and castigated the whole The two remaining prisoners in ment allows the world to slide further down the road to war. to Cuban Foreign Minister Raul social system, the Democratic and the “ kidnap” case are John Republican parties, the sacrosanct Roa, who had personally gone to Lowry, 19-year-old Freedom Rider “free enterprise” system and U.S. the UN to press the charge that the U.S. had equipped, financed from New York, and Harold foreign policy. The Crusader was Reape, 17, a member of the The Missing Voice of Protest an enthusiastic supporter of the and launched the invasion. Roa read the following message aloud Monroe Non-Violent Action Com­ colonial independence struggle mittee. B a il fo r each is $10,000. In a letter to the Oct. 22 New York Post, the president of the and was for unions and sympa­ to the amusement of the assembly Young Democrats at Hunter College objected to that paper’s and the acute discomfort of U.S. Every effort is being made to thetic towards socialism. Its editor raise this bail. Those owning earlier assertion that New York City college students were not was unrestrained in hailing the Ambassador Stevenson. “ Please property in North Carolina or taking any positive action against the ban imposed against Com­ convey to Mr. Adlai Stevenson: African freedom fight and the Cu­ residents of other states possess­ munist Party speakers on city campuses. He listed a number of ban Revolution. Now that the United States has proclaimed military support for ing cash or negotiable securities, activities already initiated at Hunter to win reversal of the ban. The Cuban Revolution excited people willing to rebel against op­ who want to help these young A t other of the city colleges similar protests are under way, both and fascinated Williams from the fighters for civil rights, are urged beginning. He made two visits to pression, oppressed Negroes in by students and faculty members. to communicate at once with the Cuba before the U.S. forbid travel South urgently request tanks, ar­ Committee to Aid the Monroe This is a heartening fact. Previously, the city college heads there and what he saw made him tillery, bombs, money and the use of American airfields and white Defendants, Suite 1117, 141 Broad­ had sought to ban Smith Act victims from speaking on campus more enthusiastic than ever. For way, New York 6, N. Y. he witnessed with his own eyes mercenaries to crush the racist but this was finally defeated. Now they have invoked a “tem­ tyrants who have betrayed the Some friends and supporters of porary” ban on Communist Party speakers with an eye to mak­ the accomplishment of what he Robert F. Williams have resumed desired in the United States — not American Revolution and Civil ing it permanent. The basis for the move was the Supreme War. We also request prayers for publication of his newsletter, The only the wiping out of all forms Crusader. It w ill appear irregular­ Court’s affirmation that Communists must be stripped of their of legal discrimination and segre­ this noble undertaking.” (signed) rights on the fake grounds that they’re “foreign agents.” Robert F. Williams, Monroe, N.C. ly until it is in a financial posi­ gation but the complete integra­ tion to achieve weekly publica­ tion of Afro-Cubans economically The social and political power In their protests, students and faculty members alike have tion. One difficulty is that almost and socially as equals. One of the elite of the South cannot tolerate the entire list of subscribers was expressed their understanding that this is a curb on their rights, features which distinguished W il­ the continued presence of an agi­ as well as on those of the Communist Party. lost in a fire . The Crusader sta ff liams even from other militant tator like Williams. It prepared is most anxious to reach those who civil-rights leaders in the U.S. was to remove him one way or an­ T h e Post was wrong in stating that the students had failed were subscribers. If you were one his emphasis on the need to end other, even by killing him or coun­ to react on this issue. But there is another point that should be would you please so inform Mrs. the root cause of Jim Crow — the tenancing his murder. E. A. Johnson, P.O. B ox 478, made. And that is the failure of organized labor to react to the economic super-exploitation of The summer of 1961 brought a Monroe, North Carolina. Subscrip­ ban. When the early union movement fought for free public edu­ the Negro people. renewal of the struggle at the tions ($5 per year) and contribu­ cation it wasn’t just demanding tuition-free education, but educa­ W illiam s m et and became friends lily-white municipal swimming tions should be made out and sent tion that included freedom of inquiry as well. The same stand with Fidel Castro and other lead­ pool. Union County, which boasts to Mrs. E. A. Johnson at the sbove should be taken now. ers of the Cuban Revolution. He that it has no unions, got another address. Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, October 30, 1961 Eulogy for a Unionist They Failed to Hand on the Torch Letters from Our Readers The morning Hurricane Esther wear, children’s wear. Here the Greetings from Raptis If socialists take up the debate passed New York I drove out to piecework rates are far below When I was still in prison, I from a class viewpoint, they can Brooklyn to attend funeral serv­ those of the choice shops. Some hardly had the opportunity to expose both the Birchmen and the ices for my Uncle Louis. My uncle days a worker w ill not even make hear about your campaign for our anti-Birch champions of shallow had spent his whole life as a de­ the minimum wage. Here are the liberation. “bourgeois” democracy as being henchmen of the cause of proper­ dicated unionist, a member of the Negro and Puerto Rican workers, I have had since a much more ty, of wealth. International Ladies Garment recent immigrants from the South adequate picture of all you have W orkers Union. S tarting as a or the Caribbean. They pay their done for Sal and myself. In fact the anti-Birch forces worker in the sweatshops, where union dues — substantial sums of I would like you to know how among the capitalists are con­ demning them precisely because he was one of the first to organize money — and in return they often much I appreciate it and to ex­ they fear the Birch slogans may the union, he later became a busi­ work under sweatshop conditions. press my very deep and sincere ness agent fo r Cloakmakers Local And what of the unorganized gratitude and fraternal greetings evoke a class-conscious reaction among the workers, particularly 23. Then he returned to the shop, shops, I thought. What about a to you all. remaining a member of his local’s struggle to organize them. What Michel Raptis since there is considerable unem­ executive board until he retired ployment. of the many helpers, sweepers, and [Michael Raptis (Pablo) and Sal ten years ago on a small union Socialists have an advantage in messengers — almost always re­ Santen, European Trotskyist lead­ pension. He was 79 years old when that they can logically explain the ferred to in the garment district as ers, were jailed by Dutch author­ he died a fe w weeks ago. “boys,” though they be full grown causes and cure fo r unem ploy­ ities nearly a year and a half ago ment while the extreme right still All those at the funeral were men with families to support. on framed-up forgery and coun­ confines itself to programs that Jewish and, except for some mem­ Often they are virtually unorgan­ terfeiting charges because of their do not simply and logically ex­ bers of the family, all were old. ized even though they work in activity in behalf of Algerian in­ plain this phenomena. The work­ They were those old Jewish work­ union shops and pay dues. Why dependence fighters. At the trial ers who had helped found the ers aren’t aroused by the reac­ doesn’t the union lead them in a last June, the counterfeiting union and who — though in their tionary mouthings of the extreme struggle to raise their pitiful charges collapsed and wide inter­ 60s and 70s — are still its leaders. right because they don’t touch wages, and to break down the national protest caused the judges They had come in this storm, upon the everyday problems of racial discrimination which keeps to give minimum sentences for miles out in Brooklyn, to say working people. David Dubinsky them on menial jobs? providing identity cards to goodbye. But this situation won’t last for­ What have Dubinsky and his hounded Algerians. Editor.] ever. Pretty soon a more clever should have been a moment of We were surprised to see the co-leaders done to inspire these fascist leadership is going to sweet sorrow, the honoring of a union’s International president, people to struggle? What has he The Latest Craze emerge which w ill engage in so­ long lifetime well spent, was the David Dubinsky, there, despite taught them? As he spoke I could cial demagogy, advocating nation­ plan to abolish “the institute.” Baltimore, Md. the miserable weather. One speak­ see that this base of his own union alization of some industries, etc. This institute, Dubinsky’s brain Last spring the big fad was er in his 70s described how in did not really exist for him. The And people, who at this tim e can child, had been established to train liquid diet concentrates; before 1907, when the union was in the Negro and Puerto Rican workers be attracted to socialism, w ill be a new union leadership. Its stu­ that it was hula-hoops. The cur­ first stages of formation, my uncle were strangers to him. They were confused and attracted by the dents were drawn from ads placed re n t craze seems to be d o -it-y o u r- got him to join the new organiza­ not thought of as fellow workers, panaceas offered by the fascists. in college newspapers and from self fallout shelters. New sweek tion in spite of great risk to his but rather as a faceless mass — I suggest we use our present sons and daughters of the old conservatively estimated that 70,- own job. Another told how, as im­ even though it is their dues which “period of grace” to draw atten­ generation of garment workers. 000,000 Americans w ould lose their migrants, they had been ridiculed make the union rich. tion to and distribute the various But it and its alumni had become lives in the event of nuclear war. and how much courage it had simply written pamphlets offered the center of a campaign for a Fought Hard This startling statistic presented taken for people like my Uncle by Pioneer Publishers and others union of union organizers, with a grave challenge to Madison Ave­ Louis to fight for the radical ideas When my Uncle Louis, Dubin­ which deal with the problems of rights to bargain with the employ­ nue. How divert the “I want to which they had brought from the sky, and others started the fight unemployment and fascism. er (the ILGWU) for higher sal­ liv e !” desires of these 70,000,000 revolutionary movement of Eu­ for the garment workers at the George Payne rope, and make them part of aries, and job security. Despite potentially dead Americans away beginning of this century, they did from demands of unilateral dis­ America. But it was Dubinsky who Dubinsky’s pleas for self-sacri­ so as revolutionaries and social­ Batten Down the Cisterns! armament and into nice “safe” expressed their deepest feelings fice, long editorials in Justice, the New York, N.Y. ists, out to change the world and channels which do not threaten and revealed the source of their union newspaper, and pronounce­ eliminate the exploitation of man The following appeared in the the war industry? Once again most profound sorrow. ments against “factionalizing,” the by man. They and their genera­ Oct. 21 Kiplinger Washington American “know-how” came organizers union had won a Na­ tion fought hard and built a union Letter: In Good Hands through! tional Labor Relations Board elec­ fo r themselves. They won some “Many readers are querying us Bomb shelters in every back­ He explained that he didn’t tion. comforts and a secure place for on how to protect business records yard beats hell out of two chickens know my uncle as a personal the leaders, even respectability — in case of attack b y Russia . . . Different Viewpoint in every pot. Great stuff for the friend. But that through the years quite a thing for outcast, radical Where to store them, which stuff sagging building industry too. he had always known that Local Institute graduates for the most immigrants. And their leaders said to keep. We asked Civil Defense, Much more free enterprise-ish 23 was in good hands because part are either careerists, or young that was enough. They said that also companies doing it . . . got than erecting low-cost housing Louis Gordon was there, devoted idealists who do not identify with long ago, and when they did, the these suggestions: to their principles, an unselfish the old generation of union mem­ seeds of b itte r tragedy were sown. units the way the “totalitarian” “First, decide WHAT to pre­ individual. bers. They see the union’s prob­ Cubans do. serve . . . ask dep’t heads, and be They sold the birthright of that Most of these fallout shelters He talked of the differences lems w ith d ifferent eyes. In either ready to pare down their lists be­ great, glorious generation of radi­ are being erected in metropolitan between the union in the early case, they resent the fact that cause they w ill want to store EV­ cal im m igrants fo r a mess of pot­ areas like Baltimore; and most of part of the century — in its days their own job security depends ERYTHING. tage. They gained respectability the do-it-yourselfers are too busy of struggle for recognition, shorter on their following the dictates of “Then select a way of making and lost the ability to pass the in their patriotic pursuits to real­ hours and higher pay — and to­ the old leadership. copies . . . films or other ways. torch to the Negro and Puerto ize that even Jack Kennedy speaks day. Of the type of individual Dubinsky said the big struggles “Chose TWO storage places, one Rican militants who, even now, of possible survival of atomic at­ who came forth in those days, ex­ are over. But as I listened to him that’s 30 or 40 miles away, and an­ are seeking ways to struggle tack only in areas “which are not emplified by Louis Gordon, com­ at my uncle’s funeral, I thought other 150 miles or more away . . . against the exploitation of man by hit in a nuclear blast and fire.” pared to the mercenary character of what I had learned as a sew­ man. to reduce the risk of fallout. Is anyone so naive as to honestly of people who step into positions ing-machine operator, for a num­ Each person must say goodbye “ Consider swapping records with assume that in the event of all- of authority in the union today. ber of years, in various shops in to his own youth and watch his another company if it’s feasible, out nuclear war urban areas w ill He said that the battles which had New York City. I learned that own generation pass away. An oc­ and train both staffs to recon­ not be bombed? And if these areas produced those types were won — there are basically two kinds of casion for sweet sorrow at best. struct the records of both com­ are hit by the “blast and fire” of the union is rich — and the old shops. The good shops — m aking But the bitterest of all life’s tra­ panies. nuclear bombs — of what use are types are vanishing. As he spoke, higher priced garments with rela­ gedies is to grow old in the knowl­ “Where to store. Vaults in dis­ fallout shelters? he wept. He was speaking from the tively good pay for the workers. edge that you’ve lost the next tant banks, preferably small town. A. Robert Kaufman heart. He was speaking the truth But these are almost all the older generation — that you’ve lost a Abandoned mines, caves, even old — as he felt it. Jewish and Italian union mem­ place in the hearts of youth. cisterns. Most of all try to locate How to Fight Birchmen a place that might protect against Those present, fam iliar with the bers, immigrants of yesteryear, That was the meaning of David blast, fire and radiation dam­ inner workings of the union, knew who are closest to the union lead­ Dubinsky’s pathetic eulogy at the New York, N.Y. age . . .” the source of the pall that hung ership. funeral of my Uncle Louis, who I agree with the point made by So, it appears that we shall have over Dubinsky and this passing On the other hand there are the held book number one in his local A.C. Gregerson in his letter of records, although no people! When generation of leaders. What made b u lk of the shops — popular- of the ILGWU. Oct. 1 in which he commented on the roaches, or the rats, inherit Dubinsky’s tears bitter at what priced dresses, sportswear, under­ Ethel Bloch my letter of Sept. 4. Certainly, the U.S. is not the democracy it’s the earth, they w ill be delighted cracked up to be. What I meant to know that, for instance, the about the Birch Society slogan, Acme Adding Machine Co. held “America Is a Republic, Not a $30,000 of prom issory notes; or Democracy,” is that socialists that John P. Smith held 1,000 It Was Reported in the Press should oppose this slogan, but not shares of A.T. & T. in the sense that it is opposed by Yours for an end to this in­ “Progress” in Dixie — Mark make birth records show a Negro a reformatory for truancy when the “moderate” conservatives of sanity. Van Doren’s play, The Last Days girl with white parents.” The M il­ she failed to attend school because the Republican and Democratic A Sympathiser of Lincoln, had its premiere at lers plan further court action to she had no shoes, a Colorado state parties. Jim-Crow Florida State University secure adoption rights. legislative committee was told last Originally, America was an Boring From Within? which lowered its color bar to month. It was also disclosed that aristocratic republic but a more New York, N. Y. permit inclusion of a Negro in the You Can Say That Again — D is­ a boy had been committed to the democratic quality was infused I see where President Ken­ role of a servant. Negroes, how­ cussing the various labels applied reformatory for stealing a pair of into it as the working people nedy’s assistant, McGeorge Bundy, ever, w ill not be permitted to at­ to the Kennedy administration, shoes, a fte r his friends had rid i­ struggled for their rights genera­ says the reason he joined the Jim tend performances. Instead, there Secretary of Labor Goldberg said, culed the worn-out pair he was tion after generation. The right of Crow Metropolitan Club is be­ w ill be a special performance at “Now if you want to apply tags, wearing. workers to vote without property cause he wants to help his friends the all-Negro Florida Agricultural it is, if any tag applies, pro-busi­ qualifications, the right of Negroes in the club who he says want to To Make Them Trigger-Hap­ and Mechanical University. The ness.” to vote, the right of women and change its policy. pier? — A short coat fo r cops has play, appropriately enough, cen­ Indians to vote, etc., are democ­ Shouldn’t HUAC look into this Anti-HUAC News — The New been patented which w ill make ters on Lincoln’s desire to achieve ratic “impurities” in the Birch- boring from within? York Council to Abolish the House them quicker on the draw. a compromise with the South. Un-American Activities Commit­ men’s vision of an ideal republic. H. R. 15,000 Reasons to Vote Social­ Jim-Crow Judge — Probate tee has published the first issue ist — Last spring there were court judge George Jones of Ver­ of a newsletter, A bolition, w hich 15,000 elementary school students Thought for the Week mont has denied the application w ill appear at regular intervals. in wealthy New York city who of Rev. and Mrs. Frederick Miller Copies may be obtained by writing “In the tenth grade, study is concentrated on the growth of democ­ were in danger of being left back to adopt a five-year-old Negro to the council at 150 W. 34th St., racy, and especially on the form of government which developed. Such because they were seriously re­ girl. The Millers were given cus­ New York, N.Y. a study should be brief and to the point in order to allow time for tarded in reading, according to tody of the girl, Cathy, by the the unit on driver education.” —- From a teacher’s guide published by Social Welfare Department in Compassionate Colorado — A public school superintendent John the Pasadena, C alif, schools. 1958. The judge said: “I w ill not 12-year-old girl was sentenced to Theobald.