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Experimental Study of Nearshore Dynamics on a Barred Beach with Rip Channels Merrick C
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. C6, 3061, 10.1029/2001JC000955, 2002 Experimental study of nearshore dynamics on a barred beach with rip channels Merrick C. Haller1 Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Robert A. Dalrymple and Ib A. Svendsen Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA Received 4 May 2001; revised 17 October 2001; accepted 6 November 2001; published 28 June 2002. [ 1 ] Wave and current measurements are presented from a set of laboratory experiments performed on a fixed barred beach with periodically spaced rip channels using a range of incident wave conditions. The data demonstrate that the presence of gaps in otherwise longshore uniform bars dominates the nearshore circulation system for the incident wave conditions considered. For example, nonzero cross-shore flow and the presence of longshore pressure gradients, both resulting from the presence of rip channels, are not restricted to the immediate vicinity of the channels but instead are found to span almost the entire length of the longshore bars. In addition, the combination of breaker type and location is the dominant driving mechanism of the nearshore flow, and both are found to be strongly influenced by the variable bathymetry and the presence of a strong rip current. The depth-averaged currents are calculated from the measured velocities assuming conservation of mass across the measurement grid. The terms in both the cross-shore and longshore momentum balances are calculated, and their relative magnitudes are quantified. The cross-shore balance is shown to be dominated by the cross-shore pressure and radiation stress gradients in general agreement with previous results, however, the rip current is shown to influence the wave breaking and the wave-induced setup in the rip channel. -
Inquest Finding
Coroners Act 1996 [Section 26(1)] Western Australia RECORD OF INVESTIGATION INTO DEATH Ref No: 18/17 I, Barry Paul King, Coroner, having investigated the death of Jarrod Arthur Hampton with an inquest held at the Perth Coroner’s Court on 15 May 2017 to 18 May 2017 and on 22 May 2017 to 26 May 2017, find that the identity of the deceased person was Jarrod Arthur Hampton and that death occurred on 14 April 2012 in the waters of the Indian Ocean approximately 90 nautical miles south of Broome from drowning secondary to incapacitation from air embolism in the following circumstances: Counsel Appearing: Sergeant L Housiaux assisted the Coroner Ms G A Archer SC (instructed by Corrs Chambers Westgarth) and Mr N D Ellery appeared for Paspaley Pearling Company Pty Ltd Mr A Coote appeared for the deceased’s family Mr P Hopwood appeared for the Pearl Producers Association Ms H C Richardson (State Solicitors Office) appeared for WorkSafe Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2 THE EVIDENCE ................................................................................................................ 4 THE DECEASED ............................................................................................................... 8 THE DECEASED’S DIVING BACKGROUND ....................................................................... 9 THE DECEASED’S SHOULDER AND PECTORALIS MAJOR .............................................. 10 THE DECEASED JOINS -
The Dietary Preferences, Depth Range and Size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster Spp.) on the Coral Reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand by Leon B
The dietary preferences, depth range and size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.) on the coral reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand By Leon B. Haines Author: Leon Haines 940205001 Supervisors: New Heaven Reef Conservation Program: Chad Scott Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences: Peter Hofman 29/09/2015 The dietary preferences, depth range and size of the Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.) on the coral reefs of Koh Tao, Thailand Author: Leon Haines 940205001 Supervisors: New Heaven Reef Conservation Program: Chad Scott Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences: Peter Hofman 29/09/2015 Cover image:(NHRCP, 2015) 2 Preface This paper is written in light of my 3rd year project based internship of Integrated Coastal Zone management major marine biology at the Van Hall Larenstein University of applied science. My internship took place at the New Heaven Reef Conservation Program on the island of Koh Tao, Thailand. During my internship I performed a study on the corallivorous Crown of Thorns starfish, which is threatening the coral reefs of Koh Tao due to high density ‘outbreaks’. Understanding the biology of this threat is vital for developing effective conservation strategies to protect the vulnerable reefs on which the islands environment, community and economy rely. Very special thanks to Chad Scott, program director of the New Heaven Reef Conservation program, for supervising and helping me make this possible. Thanks to Devrim Zahir. Thanks to the New Heaven Reef Conservation team; Ploy, Pau, Rahul and Spencer. Thanks to my supervisor at Van Hall Larenstein; Peter Hofman. 3 Abstract Acanthaster is a specialized coral-feeder and feeds nearly solely, 90-95%, on sleractinia (reef building corals), preferably Acroporidae and Pocilloporidae families. -
Birkbeck College – University Marine
CORAL REEF MONITORING METHODS Prof Rupert Ormond Heriot-Watt University Marine Conservation International International Society for Reef Studies Introduction Surveying & monitoring – key principle Typically use transects & quadrats – but why? Must quadrats be square, must transects be straight? Experimental design & statistics Typically looking for significant differences between times or places Or for significant trends in abundance Marine methods (protocols) originally adapted from terrestrial ones often more suited site-specific scientific studies Marine conservation and management tends to need methods practicable in the marine or coastal environment cost-effective in terms of information gain per available time (especially where time available limited by use of SCUBA) usable by staff with simple gear or limited specialist qualifications Also require methods suitable for use over very large areas (of coastline or sea-bed) Problems Measuring the Amounts of Coral Colonies vary greatly in size and shape and often fragment into semi- separate colonies, so you can not simply count them Quantitative methods attempt estimate percentage cover of substrate (coral cover) by different coral species, and by other substrate types (reef rock, algae, encrusting organisms) Planar area of corals as viewed from above usually adopted as measure of abundance, but not in all methods Are several difficulties with approach: Exact measurement complex shape difficult e.g. For branching corals: how to cope with gaps between or layering of branches? Relationship between area of coral viewed from above, and actual surface area also varies greatly with growth form Methods have been tried (wrapping in foil, absorbing dye) but provides estimate only for typical specimens of particular size (diameter) Even if could estimate surface area of coral biomass of tissue per unit area varies with hugely with genus Identifying Corals Identification of less common genera difficult, & identification to species very difficult, especially nderwater May be 200-300 spp. -
A Detailed Assessment of Snow Accumulation in Katabatic Wind Areas on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 102, NO. D25, PAGES 30,047-30,058, DECEMBER 27, 1997 A detailed assessment of snow accumulation in katabatic wind areas on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica David A. Braaten Departmentof Physicsand Astronomy,University of Kansas,Lawrence Abstract. An investigationof time dependentsnow accumulation and erosiondynamics in a wind-sweptenvironment was undertakenat two automaticweather stations sites on the RossIce Shelf betweenJanuary 1994 andNovember 1995 usingnewly developedinstrumentation employinga techniquewhich automatically disperses inert, colored (high albedo) glass microspheresonto the snowsurface at fixed intervalsthroughout the year. The microspheresact as a time markerand tracerto allow the accumulationrate and wind erosionprocesses to be quantifiedwith a high temporalresolution. Snow core and snowpit samplingwas conducted twice duringthe studyperiod to identify microspherehorizons in the annualsnow accumulation profile, allowing the snowaccumulation/erosion events to be reconstructed.The two siteschosen for thisinvestigation have characteristically different mean wind speedsand therefore allow a comparativeexamination on the role of wind on ice sheetgrowth. Mass accumulationrate at the twosites for the 14-dayintegration periods available ranged from 0.0 to >2.0 kg m-2 d -l. The meanmass accumulation rate duringthe studyperiod was greaterat the site with strongerwinds (0.69kg m -2 d-1) than the site with lower mean wind speeds (0.61 kg m-2 d-l); however,the differencebetween the two meansis not statisticallysignificant. Accumulationrates derived from an ultrasonicsnow depth gauge operated at one of the sitesare comparedto the actualtracer-derived accumulationrates and show the limitationsof only having a measureof snow surfaceheight with no instantaneousmeasurements of the snowdensity profile. Snow depthgauge derived accumulationrates were foundto be greatlyoverestimated during high-accumulation periods and were greatlyunderestimated during low-accumulation periods. -
Supervised Dive
EFFECTIVE 1 March 2009 MINIMUM COURSE CONTENT FOR Supervised Diver Certifi cation As Approved By ©2009, Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. (RSTC) Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. RSTC Coordinator P.O. Box 11083 Jacksonville, FL 32239 USA Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTC) Minimum Course Content for Supervised Diver Certifi cation 1. Scope and Purpose This standard provides minimum course content requirements for instruction leading to super- vised diver certifi cation in recreational diving with scuba (self-contained underwater breathing appa- ratus). The intent of the standard is to prepare a non diver to the point that he can enjoy scuba diving in open water under controlled conditions—that is, under the supervision of a diving professional (instructor or certifi ed assistant – see defi nitions) and to a limited depth. These requirements do not defi ne full, autonomous certifi cation and should not be confused with Open Water Scuba Certifi cation. (See Recreational Scuba Training Council Minimum Course Content for Open Water Scuba Certifi ca- tion.) The Supervised Diver Certifi cation Standards are a subset of the Open Water Scuba Certifi cation standards. Moreover, as part of the supervised diver course content, supervised divers are informed of the limitations of the certifi cation and urged to continue their training to obtain open water diver certifi - cation. Within the scope of supervised diver training, the requirements of this standard are meant to be com- prehensive, but general in nature. That is, the standard presents all the subject areas essential for su- pervised diver certifi cation, but it does not give a detailed listing of the skills and information encom- passed by each area. -
Drowning and Near Drowning
Drowning and Near Drowning Drowning – Near Drowning – an asphyxiation resulting incident of potentially from submersion in fatal submersion in liquid with death liquid that did not occurring within 24 result in death or in hours of submersion which death occurred more than 24 hours after submersion Other medical conditions can be associated with near drowning − Possible trauma (caused before or during) − Hypothermia − Hypoxia Need to Know! Dry drowning – a Wet Drowning – no simulated simulated laryngospasm (airway laryngospasm occurs, obstruction) prevents resulting in the lungs large amounts of filling with water water from entering the lungs Dry vs. Wet Drowning Although the pathophysiology of fresh - water and salt water drownings differs, there is no difference in the end result or in prehospital management. Fresh vs. Salt water Drowning Mammalian diving reflex – resulting from A cold-water the submersion of the drowning face and nose in patient is water, a complex not dead cardiovascular reflex until they that constricts blood are warm flow everywhere and dead! except the brain. Factors Affecting Survival Remove patient from the water as soon as possible (this should be done by a trained rescue swimmer) Initiate ventilation while patient is still in the water. Rescue personnel should wear protective clothing in water less than 70 degrees F. In addition, attach a safety line to the rescue swimmer. In fast water, it is ESSENTIAL to use personnel trained for this type of rescue. Suspect head and neck injury if the patient experienced a fall or was diving. Rapidly place the victim on a long backboard and remove them from the water. -
Instruction Manual for Amron International Diving Supply, Inc
Instruction Manual For Amron International Diving Supply, Inc. Model 8300-HP & 8330 Three Diver Air Control Systems S/N______________________ This manual and the information contained herein are provided for use as an operation and maintenance guide. No license or rights to manufacture, reproduce, or sell either the manual or articles described herein are given. Amron International Diving Supply, Inc. reserves the right to change specifications without notice. Amron International Diving Supply, Inc. 1380 Aspen Way Vista, California 92081 U.S.A. Phone (760) 280-6500 ¥ Fax (760) 599-3857 Email: [email protected] Website: www.amronintl.com Copyright © 2004 Amron International, Inc. Revised October 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION Specifications 1 Air Control Section ........................................................................................................1.1 Depth Monitoring Section..............................................................................................1.2 Enclosure Section .........................................................................................................1.3 General Information 2 Description ....................................................................................................................2.1 Air Control Section ........................................................................................................2.2 Depth Monitoring Section..............................................................................................2.3 Low Pressure Alarm......................................................................................................2.4 -
Dive Lab Xlds Pressure Gauge Comparator Dlgcomp31616 Mw
TESTED Dive Lab® Panama City Beach Florida DIVE LAB XLDS PRESSURE GAUGE COMPARATOR DLGCOMP31616 MW Figure 1. Dive Lab Pressure Gauge Comparator 1.0 Dive Lab Pressure Gauge Comparator The Dive Lab pressure gauge comparator was originally designed to allow comparison of all the high and low pressure gauges installed or used with the Dive Lab Extreme Lightweight Diving System (XLDS), including the pneumofathometer gauges. The comparator can also be used to compare other “CLEAN” life support gauges. The comparator system is a small suitcase size system that weighs approximately 38 lb, and unlike deadweight testers where the gauges need to be pressurized with water then after testing cleaned and dried. The Dive Lab Comparator simply uses divers breathing quality air or high grade nitrogen as a test media. Testing gauges in place with air or nitrogen allows fast, easy comparison of all system gauges without having to remove them from the system eliminating system generated contamination from breaking fittings loose as well as reducing wear on pipe thread components. The system comes with two high precision digital test gauges, which have a certified full scale accuracy of 0.05% and allow for an unsurpassed level of on site (in the field) accuracy normally only achieved within a laboratory test facility setting. ©2016 Dive Lab, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 2.0 System Components The basic system consists of a high pressure manifold WARNING and regulator assembly, which acts as the foundation and mounting structure for the test gauges and whips. Persons using this equipment should have basic The comparator assembly has a maximum rated working knowledge and experience working with high pressure of 5000 psig but can also be used to accurately pressure air. -
English: Sharpening STIHL Saw Chains
0457-181-0121_02.book Seite -1 Donnerstag, 13. Dezember 2012 11:50 11 STIH) Sharpening STIHL Saw Chains 2012-10 0457-181-0121_02.book Seite 0 Donnerstag, 13. Dezember 2012 11:50 11 Introduction STIHL offers every user, from occasional to professional, the right tools for maintaining the cutting attachment. Contents The cutting attachment consists of the saw chain, guide STIHL Advanced Technology ..............................................1 bar and chain sprocket. This handbook is intended as a guide to selecting and Construction of a Saw Chain ...............................................3 learning how to use the right tools for servicing your cutting attachment. With a little practice you will be able to sharpen your saw chains like a professional. Preparing the Saw Chain .....................................................6 Reading and observing the instructions in your chainsaw manual and those for the use of the servicing tools is a Principles – Sharpening Saw Chain ..................................8 precondition for the operations described in this handbook. Filing Aids .............................................................................12 Please contact your STIHL dealer if you have any further questions after reading this handbook. Tensioning the Saw Chain .................................................17 Always wear protective gloves when working on Sharpening Errors and Damage ........................................18 and with the chainsaw and cutting attachment. There is otherwise a risk of injury from the -
Dns300™ Sonar
DNS300™ SONAR The DNS300™ Sonar is the best hand-held sonar solution in the market today offering coverage for all ranges. • Powered by BlueView™ Sonars • Coupled with advanced navigation capabilities The DNS300™ Sonar provides accurate underwater documentation, navigation sensors and data. Effectively detects large and small underwater objects suitable for EOD and Search and Rescue divers with low magnetic signature. Fully Integrated Hand-Held Sonar • Single enclosure contains all sensors and batteries: sonar, compass, pressure gauge and GPS • No external cables Significantly Lighter and Smaller • Simplifies the diving profile and overall maneuverability PRIDE • Neutral buoyancy in water • Weighs less than 17 lbs. PASSION • Internal batteries provide 5 hours of operation PERFORMANCE Accurate Target Positioning and Documentation • Advanced navigation capabilities • Accurate target positioning info: ─ Latitude ─ Longitude • Full data recording and logging 6 Maskit St. Herzliya Pituach, 4614002 Israel Tel:+972-9-9568212 Fax:+972-9-9568141 www.mistralgroup.com All ranges covered Product Features Dimensions 10.7” x 7.0” x 12.2 - 14.2” (options) SONAR BlueView 2D Multi-Beam SONAR Frequency 900/2,250 KHz, Dual Frequency Optimal Range 6.5 - 200/1.6 - 16 ft. 16.5 lbs / 7.5 kg (in air) Weight .44 lbs / 200 gr (in water) Material Aluminum 6061 - T6, Hard Anodized Black Operating Temperature 23°F to 113°F (-5°C to +45°C) Operating Depth 164 ft (50 M) Power Supply Internal Li-Ion Battery (18650 rugged cell) Operating Time 5 hours Charging Time 6 hours Processor Intel Atom 1600 MHz, running MS Windows OS Internal Storage SSD, 32 to 64 GB Display 6.5” XGA (1024x768), 16M colors, Visible in all water conditions 600cd/m² Oceana unique navigation software, including on product and external PC mission Software and Charts preparation and debriefing. -
Relationships Between Oceanographic Factors and the Distribution of Juvenile Coho Salmon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Alton W. Chung for the degree of Master of Science in Oceanography presented on March 1, 1985 Title: Relationships Between Oceanographic Factors and the Distribution of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Of f Oregon and Washington, 1982-1983 Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Dr. William G. Pearc Juvenile coho salmon (101-400 mm) were sampled by purse seine off the Pacific Coast from Waatch Point, Washington to Four Mile Creek, Oregon, out to 30 mi offshore, during the months of May, June, and September in 1982 and 1983. Sea surface temperature, surface salinity, surface chlorophyll-a concentration, and Secchi depth were measured at each station. Sea surface temperatures were higher in 1983 than in 1982, while surface chlorophyll-a concentrations and surface salinities were lower. Catch data were not highly correlated with any of the four physical parameters measured. Strong northerly winds and strong upwelling tended to disperse juvenile coho offshore and south. Fish were found closer inshore during periods of weak winds and weak upwelling. In both years the center of distribution of the fish appeared to shift northward as the summer progressed. Larger fish, in general, were found farther north and offshore throughout the year. Relationships Between Oceanographic Factors and the Distribution of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Off Oregon and Washington, 1982-1983 by Alton W. Chung A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree