DOCSLIB.ORG

Corn Hybrid and Bt Transgene Performance in Yield And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Corn Hybrid and Bt Transgene Performance in Yield And Corn Hybrid and Bt Transgene Performance in Yield and Protection from Pre-harvest Losses Caused by Lepidopteran Feeding 1 1 2 3 Luke Pruter , Michael Brewer 1, Mac Young , Julio Bernal 1 Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Entomology, Corpus Christi, TX 2 Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Department of Agricultural Economics, Corpus Christi, TX 3 Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology, College Station, TX INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE 1: HYBRID FAMILY 1 OBJECTIVE 1: HYBRID FAMILY 5 CONTINUED OBJECTIVE 2: YIELD RESULTS CONTINUED One of the most common problems facing Texas corn farmers is the injury brought on by corn feeding lepidopteran pests [1]. The HYBRID 1 GENETICS + SS HYBRID 5 GENETICS + VT3P In contrast to ear injury, hybrid family genetics accounted for 34% of the variation of yield fall armyworm and corn earworm are continuous residents of HYBRID FAMILY 1 HYBRID FAMILY 5 (P<0.0001). The Bt transgenes accounted for a significant amount of yield variation (19%, Texas that are known to reduce health and value of corn [2, 3]. YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE P=0.032), but its contribution was about 2-fold less than hybrid genetics. Although the Bt Ear circumference Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, 14.06 ± 0.24 Bt proteins expressed transgene effect influenced yield under our modest ear-feeding pressure, hybrid genetics Insect injury can reduce yield although the relationship is variable Ear circumference (cm) 14.82 ± 0.25 Bt proteins expressed Cry1Fa2, Cry3Bb1, (cm) Cry3Bb1 Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 played a much larger role. across hybrids [4]. Advancing technologies in the farming Ear length (cm) 20.2 ± 0.35 Area of ear injury cm² 3.48 ± 1.19 industry have offered a solution to this problem that doesn’t Ear length (cm) 19.52 ± 0.34 Area of ear injury cm² 3.14 ± 0.88 involve increasing pesticide use. Corn growers have the option to Bushels per acre 106.67 ± 9.01 Depth of ear injury cm 2.78 ± 0.59 Bushels per acre 112.01 ± 3.01 Depth of ear injury cm 2.58 ± 0.83 OBJECTIVE 3: REVIEW FINANCIAL INDICATORS combat insect injury on their corn with the use of genetically HYBRID 1 GENETICS + DGVT2P modified seed, however there is added cost to the seed. This OBJECTIVE 1: HYBRID FAMILY 6 First 10 Year Averages Per Acre Cumulative poster compares the effects of hybrid background and their HYBRID FAMILY 1 Total YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE Hybrid Bt Selected Input Costs Year Cash Total Cash Net Cash 10‐Yr Cash commercial Bt transgenes in their ability to reduce pre-harvest Family Transgene Ear circumference (cm) 14.44 ± 0.04 Bt proteins expressed Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2 HYBRID 6 GENETICS + NO Bt (RR) Farm losses due to insect feeding. Seed Cost Hauling Yield/AC Price/ Receipts Costs Income Flow/Acre Ear length (cm) 19.44 ± 0.34 Area of ear injury cm² 2.96 ± 0.83 HYBRID FAMILY 6 YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS OR Bt Bushels per acre 107.33 ± 6.14 Depth of ear injury cm 2.68 ± 0.50 Ear circumference (cm) 14.2 ± 0.13 Bt proteins expressed No Bt proteins in $/Bag in $/Ac. in $/Ac in Bu. (a) Bu. (b) x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 2 RR2 200 50 26.60 135.7 3.25 0.48 0.44 0.05 0.49 Ear length (cm) 18.66 ± 0.3 Area of ear injury cm² 6.72 ± 0.55 Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a bacterium commonly used as a biological pesticide. 2 VT2P 250 62.5 27.10 138.3 3.25 0.49 0.45 0.04 0.43 When Bt toxin is ingested by a lepidopterous insect it begins to crystalize in the gut, OBJECTIVE 1: HYBRID FAMILY 2 Bushels per acre 81.78 ± 9.73 Depth of ear injury cm 3.76 ± 0.25 3 RR2 200 50 22.72 115.9 3.25 0.41 0.45 (0.03) (0.30) and destroys the digestive tract of the caterpillar feeding on it [6]. Since the release of 3 VT3P 280 70 23.46 119.7 3.25 0.43 0.47 (0.04) (0.42) transgenic Bt maize in 1996, many different 4 YHR 240 60 22.04 112.5 3.25 0.40 0.46 (0.06) (0.58) HYBRID 2 GENETICS + VT2P HYBRID 6 GENETICS + VT3P 5 VT3P 280 70 21.95 112.0 3.25 0.40 0.48 (0.08) (0.75) types of Bt traits have been developed for sale. HYBRID FAMILY 2 HYBRID FAMILY 6 5 VT2P 250 62.5 21.43 109.3 3.25 0.39 0.47 (0.08) (0.75) YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE Bt corn has become increasingly popular over YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE 4 RR 200 50 19.83 101.2 3.25 0.35 0.46 (0.09) (0.92) Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Ear circumference (cm) 14.4± 0.21 Bt proteins expressed the last 15 years and has grew from about 8 Ear circumference (cm) 15.3 ± 0.17 Bt proteins expressed Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2 Cry3Bb1 1 VT2P 300 75 21.04 107.3 3.25 0.38 0.49 (0.10) (1.02) percent of U.S. corn acreage in 1997, to 79 Ear length (cm) 20.12 ± 0.14 Area of ear injury cm² 1.98 ± 0.58 Ear length (cm) 18.78 ± 0.45 Area of ear injury cm² 5.26 ± 0.65 6 VTTP 240 60 19.96 101.9 3.25 0.37 0.47 (0.10) (1.04) 6 SS 270 67.5 20.40 104.1 $3.25 0.37 0.48 (0.11) (1.05) Bushels per acre 138.29 ± 3.28 Depth of ear injury cm 2.1 ± 0.82 Bushels per acre 101.86 ± 8.78 Depth of ear injury cm 2.92 ± 0.23 percent in 2016 [8]. There is a wide range of 1 SS 300 75 20.91 106.7 3.25 0.38 0.49 (0.11) (1.05) Lepidoptera control in corn with commercially 4 VYHR 280 70 19.07 97.3 3.25 0.35 0.49 (0.14) (1.39) available Bt transgenes [5]. This poster HYBRID 2 GENETICS + NO Bt (RR2) HYBRID 6 GENETICS + SS 6 RR 180 45 16.03 81.8 3.25 0.30 0.47 (0.17) (1.71) HYBRID FAMILY 6 HYBRID FAMILY 2 reviews the effectiveness of several Bt YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE NOTE: Comparison made across hybrids are valid, the negative cash flow YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE transgenes and hybrid families in their ability to Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Ear circumference (cm) 15.26 ± 0.19 Bt proteins expressed No Bt proteins Ear circumference (cm) 14.12 ± 0.52 Bt proteins expressed Cry1Fa2, Cry3Bb1, reflects recent low corn prices. Comparing financial indicators, members of reduce insect feeding, and preserve yield. Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 Ear length (cm) 19.92 ± 0.25 Area of ear injury cm² 3.9 ± 0.37 hybrid family 1 performed similarly. Also, members of hybrid family 6 with Bt Ear length (cm) 18.04 ± 0.74 Area of ear injury cm² 2.76 ± 0.23 Bushels per acre 135.71 ± 3.47 Depth of ear injury cm 2.86 ± 0.32 transgenes both financially performed better than their non-Bt counterpart in TARGET PESTS Bushels per acre 104.07 ± 3.68 Depth of ear injury cm 2.12 ± 0.22 10-year cash flow projection (CFP), even though their seed costs were 50% Heliocoverpa zea or the OBJECTIVE 1: HYBRID FAMILY 3 OBJECTIVE 2: INSECT DAMAGE RESULTS higher. But in other cases, the higher cost of the Bt transgene hybrids did not corn earworm is an active appear to be offset by higher yields due to reduced insect injury. Hybrid family Mean Mean Ear resident of south Texas HYBRID 3 GENETICS + VT3P Bt Means Standard 2 had the highest CFP of all hybrid families. However within family 2, the non- Hybrid Bt Ear Standard Injury FALL ARMYWORM Means Separation Transgene Separation Error throughout the year [7]. HYBRID FAMILY 3 Family Transgene Injury Error (cm²) Bt hybrid ($490/acre) had greater profitability than its VT2P counterpart YIELD STATISTICS INSECT DAMAGE (cm²) ($430/acre). Likewise, the non-Bt hybrid from family 3 had a higher 10-year CFP Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, RR A 5.75 0.70 Ear circumference (cm) 14.4 ± 0.15 Bt proteins expressed 6 RR A 6.40 0.56 Cry3Bb1 RR2 A B 3.82 0.70 Spodoptera frugiperda RR A B 6.00 0.56 over its VT3P counterpart. Last, the currently highest cost hybrids associated Ear length (cm) 19.08 ± 0.33 Area of ear injury cm² 1.76 ± 0.36 4 YHR A B C 3.58 0.90 VT3P B C 4.67 0.55 with the VIP transgene were not offset by the high insect injury reduction, The fall armyworm is native Bushels per acre 119.69 ± 3.43 Depth of ear injury cm 1.30 ± 0.18 6 VT3P B C 3.47 0.59 to southern regions of the 3 RR2 C D 3.94 0.56 DGVT2P B C 3.09 0.90 possibly because of the modest insect activity in 2016. In hybrid family 4, the SS B C 3.03 0.70 VYHR hybrid with the VIP transgene had the lowest CFP. CORN EARWORM United States, but it can only HYBRID 3 GENETICS + NO Bt (RR2) 2 RR2 C D E 3.87 0.56 4 YHR C D E F 3.67 0.59 VT2P B C 2.71 0.70 overwinter in the southern HYBRID FAMILY 3 VYHR C 1.18 0.90 CONCLUSIONS 5 VT3P C D E F 3.48 0.55 most regions of Texas [6].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gene Use Restriction Technologies for Transgenic Plant Bioconfinement
    Plant Biotechnology Journal (2013) 11, pp. 649–658 doi: 10.1111/pbi.12084 Review article Gene use restriction technologies for transgenic plant bioconfinement Yi Sang, Reginald J. Millwood and C. Neal Stewart Jr* Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Received 1 February 2013; Summary revised 3 April 2013; The advances of modern plant technologies, especially genetically modified crops, are considered accepted 9 April 2013. to be a substantial benefit to agriculture and society. However, so-called transgene escape *Correspondence (fax 1-865-974-6487; remains and is of environmental and regulatory concern. Genetic use restriction technologies email [email protected]) (GURTs) provide a possible solution to prevent transgene dispersal. Although GURTs were originally developed as a way for intellectual property protection (IPP), we believe their maximum benefit could be in the prevention of gene flow, that is, bioconfinement. This review describes the underlying signal transduction and components necessary to implement any GURT system. Keywords: transgenic plants, Furthermore, we review the similarities and differences between IPP- and bioconfinement- transgene escape, male sterility, oriented GURTs, discuss the GURTs’ design for impeding transgene escape and summarize embryo sterility, transgene deletion, recent advances. Lastly, we go beyond the state of the science to speculate on regulatory and gene flow. ecological effects of implementing GURTs for bioconfinement. Introduction proposed (Daniell, 2002; Gressel, 1999; Moon et al., 2011), including strategies for male sterility (Mariani et al., 1990), Transgenic crops have become an integral part of modern maternal inheritance (Daniell et al., 1998; Iamtham and Day, agriculture and have been increasingly adopted worldwide (James, 2000; Ruf et al., 2001), transgenic mitigation (Al-Ahmad et al., 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Bt Corn Produc
    STATE OF MAINE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION AND FORESTRY BOARD OF PESTICIDES CONTROL 28 STATE HOUSE STATION UGUSTA AINE PAUL R. LEPAGE A , M 04333 WALTER E. WHITCOMB GOVERNOR COMMISSIONER To: Board of Pesticides Control Members From: Mary Tomlinson, Pesticides Registrar/Water Quality Specialist RE: Bt Corn Products with Pending Maine Registration Status Date: July 19, 2017 ****************************************************************************** Monsanto Company and Dow AgroSciences LLC have requested registration of several new Bt corn products. The new active ingredient (unique identifier 87411-9) is a dsRNA transcript comprising a DvSnf7 inverted repeat sequence which matches that from the Western corn rootworm. dsRNA transcript comprising a DvSnf7 inverted repeat sequence derived from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and the genetic material necessary for its production (vector PV-ZMIR10871) in MON 87411 corn (OECD Unique Identifier MON-87411-9)………………………..≤ 0.00000044%* MON 87411 also contains CP4 EPSPS protein (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) and the genetic material (vector PV-ZMIR10871) necessary for its production in corn event MON 87411…...≤ 0.036%*. The EPSPS protein confers tolerance to glyphosate. Products designed for the propagation of commercial seed have no spatial refuge which is typical of these types of products. SmartStax PRO Enlist requires a 5% non-Bt corn refuge, unless used for seed propagation, and SmartStax PRO Enlist Refuge Advanced contains a 5% interspersed refuge. The 2015 EPA Registration Decision (RED) and USDA Draft Environmental Assessment for Mon 87411 are attached for your review. The question posed to the Board is, are these products substantially different from currently registered Bt corn products? If so, what further review is recommended? The labels for the products under consideration are attached for your review.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgenic Animals
    IQP-43-DSA-4208 IQP-43-DSA-6270 TRANSGENIC ANIMALS An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: _________________________ _________________________ William Caproni Erik Dahlinghaus August 24, 2012 APPROVED: _________________________ Prof. David S. Adams, PhD WPI Project Advisor ABSTRACT A transgenic animal contains genes not native to its species. The use of these animals in research and medicine has dramatically increased our understanding of genetics and disease modeling. This IQP aims to provide an overview of the technical development and applications of transgenic animals, as well as the ethical, legal, and societal ramifications of creating these animals. Finally, this IQP will draw conclusions from the research performed and the information gathered. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page …………………………………………..…………………………….. 1 Abstract …………………………………………………..……………………………. 2 Table of Contents ………………………………………..…………………………….. 3 Project Objective ……………………………………….....…………………………… 4 Chapter-1: Transgenic Animal Technology …….……….…………………………… 5 Chapter-2: Applications of Transgenics in Animals …………..…………………….. 19 Chapter-3: Transgenic Ethics ………………………………………………………... 32 Chapter-4: Transgenic Legalities ……………………..………………………………. 43 Project Conclusions...…………………………………..….…………………………… 53 3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objective of this project was to research and present a multifaceted view of transgenics, including the technology itself and its effects on mankind. Chapter one offers an overview of the different methods for creating and testing transgenic animals. Chapter two provides information on how the different types of transgenic animals are used, and how they affect our daily lives. Chapter three presents the many ethical issues surrounding this controversial technology, and its impact on society. Chapter four describes the legal issues regarding this emerging technology and the patenting of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Engineered Animals and Public Health
    GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ANIMALS AND PUBLIC HEALTH Compelling Benefits for Health Care, Nutrition, the Environment, and Animal Welfare Revised Edition: June 2011 GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ANIMALS AND PUBLIC HEALTH: Compelling Benefits for Health Care, Nutrition, the Environment, and Animal Welfare By Scott Gottlieb, MD and Matthew B. Wheeler, PhD American Enterprise Institute Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . 3 Executive Summary . 3 Introduction . 5 How the Science Enables Solutions . 6 Genetically Engineered Animals and the Improved Production of Existing Human Proteins, Drugs, Vaccines, and Tissues . 8 Blood Products . 10 Protein-Based Drugs . 12 Vaccine Components . 14 Replacement Tissues . 15 Genetic Engineering Applied to the Improved Production of Animals for Agriculture: Food, Environment and Animal Welfare . 19 Enhanced Nutrition and Public Health . 19 Reduced Environmental Impact. 21 Improved Animal Welfare . 21 Enhancing Milk . 22 Enhancing Growth Rates and Carcass Composition . 24 Enhanced Animal Welfare through Improved Disease Resistance . 26 Improving Reproductive Performance and Fecundity . 28 Improving Hair and Fiber . .30 Science-Based Regulation of Genetically Engineered Animals . 31 International Progress on Regulatory Guidance . 31 U. S. Progress on Regulatory Guidance . 31 Industry Stewardship Guidance on Genetically Engineered Animals . 32 Enabling Both Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Genetic Engineering . 33 Future Challenges and Conclusion . 34 { GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ANIMALS AND PUBLIC HEALTH } Abstract Genetically engineered animals embody an innovative technology that is transforming public health through biomedical, environmental and food applications. They are inte- gral to the development of new diagnostic techniques and drugs for human disease while delivering clinical and economic benefits that cannot be achieved with any other approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation and Assessment of Factors Influencing Transgene Expression in Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.)
    Cell Research (2001); 11(3):237-243 http://www.cell-research.com Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and assessment of factors influencing transgene expression in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) TANG WEI* North Carolina State University, 2900 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA ABSTRACT This investigation reports a protocol for transfer and expression of foreign chimeric genes in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Transformation was achieved by co-cultivation of mature zygotic embryos with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 which harbored a binary vector (pBI121) including genes for b-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII). Factors influencing transgene expres- sion including seed sources of loblolly pine, concentration of bacteria, and the wounding procedures of target explants were investigated. The expression of foreign gene was confirmed by the ability of mature zygotic embryos to produce calli in the presence of kanamycin, by histochemical assays of GUS activity, by PCR analysis, and by Southern blot. The successful expression of the GUS gene in different families of loblolly pine suggests that this transformation system is probably useful for the production of the genetically modified conifers. Key words: Pinus taeda L., Agrobacterium tumefaciens, gene transfer, gene expression. INTRODUCTION Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has Recombinant DNA technology is a powerful tool been the favored method for introduction of foreign for the introduction of foreign genes into long-lived genes into plants. Compared to the particle bom- perennials and for fundamental studies of gene bardment protocol, Agrobacterium is a much more expression. Using such techniques, we can overcome efficient transformation tool in compatible plant the difficulties associated with the breeding of a long- species.
    [Show full text]
  • How Genetic Engineering Differs from Conventional Breeding Hybridization
    GENETIC ENGINEERING IS NOT AN EXTENSION OF CONVENTIONAL PLANT BREEDING; How genetic engineering differs from conventional breeding, hybridization, wide crosses and horizontal gene transfer by Michael K. Hansen, Ph.D. Research Associate Consumer Policy Institute/Consumers Union January, 2000 Genetic engineering is not just an extension of conventional breeding. In fact, it differs profoundly. As a general rule, conventional breeding develops new plant varieties by the process of selection, and seeks to achieve expression of genetic material which is already present within a species. (There are exceptions, which include species hybridization, wide crosses and horizontal gene transfer, but they are limited, and do not change the overall conclusion, as discussed later.) Conventional breeding employs processes that occur in nature, such as sexual and asexual reproduction. The product of conventional breeding emphasizes certain characteristics. However these characteristics are not new for the species. The characteristics have been present for millenia within the genetic potential of the species. Genetic engineering works primarily through insertion of genetic material, although gene insertion must also be followed up by selection. This insertion process does not occur in nature. A gene “gun”, a bacterial “truck” or a chemical or electrical treatment inserts the genetic material into the host plant cell and then, with the help of genetic elements in the construct, this genetic material inserts itself into the chromosomes of the host plant. Engineers must also insert a “promoter” gene from a virus as part of the package, to make the inserted gene express itself. This process alone, involving a gene gun or a comparable technique, and a promoter, is profoundly different from conventional breeding, even if the primary goal is only to insert genetic material from the same species.
    [Show full text]
  • Transgene Integration Into the Same Chromosome Location Can Produce Alleles That Express at a Predictable Level, Or Alleles That Are Differentially Silenced
    Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 4, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Transgene integration into the same chromosome location can produce alleles that express at a predictable level, or alleles that are differentially silenced Christopher D. Day, Elsa Lee,1 Janell Kobayashi,2 Lynn D. Holappa,3 Henrik Albert,4 and David W. Ow5 Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710, USA In an effort to control the variability of transgene expression in plants, we used Cre-lox mediated recombination to insert a gus reporter gene precisely and reproducibly into different target loci. Each integrant line chosen for analysis harbors a single copy of the transgene at the designated target site. At any given target site, nearly half of the insertions give a full spatial pattern of transgene expression. The absolute level of expression, however, showed target site dependency that varied up to 10-fold. This substantiates the view that the chromosome position can affect the level of gene expression. An unexpected finding was that nearly half of the insertions at any given target site failed to give a full spatial pattern of transgene expression. These partial patterns of expression appear to be attributable to gene silencing, as low gus expression correlates with DNA methylation and low transcription. The methylation is specific for the newly integrated DNA. Methylation changes are not found outside of the newly inserted DNA. Both the full and the partial expression states are meiotically heritable. The silencing of the introduced transgenes may be a stochastic event that occurs during transformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Confinement of Genetically Engineered Organisms
    Carlson, J. 2005. Biological dimensions of the GMO issue. In, proc. of conf. on restoration of American chestnut to forest lands, Steiner, K.C. and J.E. Carlson (eds.). BIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE GMO ISSUE John Carlson School of Forest Resources, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA ([email protected]) Abstract: Genetic engineering is opening new opportunities in tree improvement, including access to novel genes for disease resistance. American chestnut is one of the tree species for which genetic transformation has been reported. Thus restoration of American chestnut could benefit from the genetic engineering technology, should suitable genes for blight resistance be identified. However, questions regarding the efficacy and safety of genetic engineering with trees, and other perennial plant species, have been raised including the stability of integration and expression of foreign genes, long term effects on non-target species, transgene dispersal through seed and pollen, etc. Many of these concerns could be alleviated if reliable approaches were available for the confinement of transgenes. The National Research Council assembled a committee of twelve researchers from various disciplines to evaluate the measures for biological confinement of transgenes. This paper will summarize the committee’s findings regarding the unique concerns that arise in the application of GE to trees, and the potential that exists for applying bioconfinement methods with GE trees. Keywords: National Academies; genetic engineering; trees; biological confinement; transgenes INTRODUCTION The ability to apply GE to plant improvement extends beyond annual crops to woody perennial plants including forest trees (reviewed by Pena and Seguin 2001) and fruit and nut trees (reviewed by Trifonova and Atanassov 1996) such as American chestnut (Conners et al, 2002a,b).
    [Show full text]
  • Visualization of in Vivo Electroporation-Mediated Transgene Expression in Experimental Tumors by Optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Gene Therapy (2009) 16, 830–839 & 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0969-7128/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/gt ORIGINAL ARTICLE Visualization of in vivo electroporation-mediated transgene expression in experimental tumors by optical and magnetic resonance imaging W Aung1,3, S Hasegawa1,3, M Koshikawa-Yano1, T Obata2, H Ikehira2, T Furukawa1, I Aoki2 and T Saga1 1Diagnostic Imaging Group, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan and 2Biophysics Group, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan In vivo electroporation (EP) is an efficient method for plasmid showed lower signal intensity on in vitro T2-weighted effective gene transfer and is highly expected for application cellular MRI and quantitatively increased the transverse in anticancer gene therapy. Non-invasive monitoring of relaxation rate (1/T2) compared with control cells. After gene transfer/expression is critical for optimal gene therapy. conducting in vivo EP in an experimental tumor, the plasmid- Here we report in vivo optical and high-field magnetic injected region showed both fluorescent emissions in optical resonance imaging (MRI) of EP-mediated transgene expres- imaging and detectably lowered signal on T2-weighted MRI. sion in a tumor model. Initially, we observed spatio-temporal The correlative immunohistological findings confirmed that change in in vivo EP-mediated transgene expression by both the reporter transgenes were co-expressed in this optical imaging using red fluorescence protein (RFP) as a region. Thus, our strategy provides a platform for evaluating reporter gene. Next, we constructed a dual-reporter plasmid EP-mediated cancer gene therapy easily and safely without carrying a gene-encoding MRI reporter ferritin heavy chain administering contrast agent or substrate.
    [Show full text]
  • Standardized Genetic Transformation Protocol for Chrysanthemum Cv
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Standardized Genetic Transformation Protocol for Chrysanthemum cv. ‘Jinba’ with TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homolog CmTFL1a Saba Haider 1 , Yaohui Gao 2 and Yike Gao 1,* 1 National Flower Engineering Research Centre, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 Architectural Institute, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Alding Street No.7, Kundulun District, Baotou 014010, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-138-0102-1804 Received: 29 May 2020; Accepted: 22 July 2020; Published: 28 July 2020 Abstract: Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) cultivar Jinba is a distinctive short-day chrysanthemum that can be exploited as a model organism for studying the molecular mechanism of flowering. The commercial value of Jinba can be increased in global flower markets by developing its proper regeneration and genetic transformation system. By addressing typical problems associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in chrysanthemum, that is, low transformation efficiency and high cultivar specificity, we designed an efficient, stable transformation system. Here, we identify the features that significantly affect the genetic transformation of Jinba and standardize its transformation protocol by using CmTFL1a as a transgene. The appropriate concentrations of various antibiotics (kanamycin, meropenem and carbenicillin) and growth regulators (6-BA, 2,4-D and NAA) for the genetic transformation were determined to check their effects on in vitro plant regeneration from leaf segments of Jinba; thus, the transformation protocol was standardized through Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105).
    [Show full text]
  • Transgene Expression That Confers Position-Independent a New
    A New Regulatory Region of the IL-2 Locus That Confers Position-Independent Transgene Expression This information is current as Mary A. Yui, Gabriela Hernández-Hoyos and Ellen V. of September 29, 2021. Rothenberg J Immunol 2001; 166:1730-1739; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1730 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/166/3/1730 Downloaded from References This article cites 42 articles, 14 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/166/3/1730.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 29, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. A New Regulatory Region of the IL-2 Locus That Confers Position-Independent Transgene Expression1 Mary A. Yui,2* Gabriela Herna´ndez-Hoyos,2*† and Ellen V. Rothenberg3* Although the promoter/enhancer of the IL-2 gene mediates inducible reporter gene expression in vitro, it cannot drive consistent expression in transgenic mice.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tapetal Ablation Transgene Induces Stable Male Sterility and Slows Field Growth in Populus
    A tapetal ablation transgene induces stable male sterility and slows field growth in Populus Elorriaga, E., Meilan, R., Ma, C., Skinner, J. S., Etherington, E., Brunner, A., & Strauss, S. H. (2014). A tapetal ablation transgene induces stable male sterility and slows field growth in Populus. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 10(6), 1583-1593. doi:10.1007/s11295-014-0781-6 10.1007/s11295-014-0781-6 Springer Accepted Manuscript http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse A tapetal ablation transgene induces stable male-sterility and slows field growth in Populus Estefania Elorriaga 1, Richard Meilan 1,2 , Cathleen Ma 1, Jeffrey S. Skinner 1,3 , Elizabeth Etherington 1,4 , Amy Brunner 1,5 , Steven H. Strauss 1 1Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 2Current address: Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 3Current Address: Bayer CropScience – Vegetable Seeds, Crop Genomics, 279 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, CA 95618, USA 4Current address: College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 5Current address: Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA Author for correspondence Steven H. Strauss E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 541-737-6578 Fax: 541-737-1393 Poplar male-sterility Abstract The field performance of genetic containment technologies–considered important for certain uses of transgenic trees in forestry–are poorly known. We tested the efficiency of a barnase gene driven by the TA29 tapetum-dominant promoter for influencing growth rate and inducing male-sterility in a field trial of transgenic hybrid poplar ( Populus tremula x P.
    [Show full text]