LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN VI ASP Conference Series, Vol. 433 E. Isaksson, J. Lagerstrom, A. Holl, and N. Bawdekar, eds. !c 2010 Astronomical Society of the Pacific

Bibliometrical Study of the Scientific Production and Citation of Dr. Guillermo Haro Barraza

Veronica´ Mata-Acosta,1 Mar´ıa Elena Jimenez-Fragozo,´ 2 and Reynaldo D. Figueroa-Servin3 1Instituto de Astronom´ıa, UNAM, Apartado postal 70-244, C.P. 04510 Mexico,´ D.F. 2Instituto de Astronom´ıa, UNAM, Apartado postal 106, C.P. 22800 Ensenada, B. C., Mexico´ 3El Colegio de Mexico,´ A.C., Camino al Ajusco 20, Pedregal de Santa Teresa, C.P. 10740. Mexico´ D. F.

Abstract. The main objective of this work is to characterize the bibliometric behav- ior of the scientific work of Dr. Guillermo Haro (March 21, 1913 – April 26, 1988). Professor Haro’s scientific writings spanned from 1944 to 1988. In this paper, we con- sider citations made up until February 9, 2009. The methodology used is based on the creation of three databases. The first database is composed of a total of 93 arti- cles with their publication data. The second database contains 710 references cited in those articles, and the third database comprises 830 citations retrieved from the NASA Astrophysics Data System, in addition to the archive that contains the complete text of the articles for their thematic analysis. For the interpretation of these data, several indicators and mathematical models were used which give us both the characteristics of the scientific communication of this author over the course of 44 years as well as the characteristics of the citations received.

1. Introduction

Dr. Guillermo Haro Barraza, an eminent Mexican astronomer, was born in on the 21st day of March, 1913. In 1941, he was appointed assistant at the Observatorio Astrof´ısico in Tonantzintla, Puebla. In 1947, he started as a researcher at the Observato- rio Astronomico Nacional at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). From 1948 to 1968, he was Director of the Observatorio Astronomico´ Nacional. He also contributed to the construction of the Observatorio Astronomico´ Nacional in San Pedro Martir´ , Baja California. In 1950, he was appointed Director of the Observatorio Astronomico´ Nacional en Tonantzintla, Puebla. In 1965, he was interim coordinator of scientific research at UNAM. He was editor of the Bulletin of the Tonantzintla and Tacubaya Observatories. He was granted many degrees and distinctions. For instance, he was a Member of the Council of the American Astronomical Society, 1957–1960 and Vice-President of the International Astronomical Union, 1961–1967. He received the Golden Medal “Luis G. Leon”´ from the Sociedad Astronomica´ Mexicana in 1953. A Doctor in Science Honoris Causa was given by the Consejo Universitario of the Uni- versidad de Michoacan´ in 1953. In 1962, he received an Honorific Medal from the

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Academy of Sciences of Armenia, and an honorary degree by the Cleveland Institute of Technology in 1963. He wrote more than 80 research papers which were published in prestigious inter- national journals. “His most important papers were published between 1952 and 1959. His main contribution to astronomy was the discovery of the Herbig-Haro objects. Such objects are one of the most spectacular results of the process of the formation of stars.” (Bartolucci 2000). He explored other areas of research such as “T-Tauri stars, which meant the facility to study stellar evolution. Haro found 436 emission line objects, of which 67 were new planetary nebulae. In 1962, he published with Luyten, results obtained with the Schmidt Telescope of Mount Palomar Observatory, reporting 8746 objects, mostly white dwarf stars. In 1956 he presented a list of 44 blue , with Enrique Chavira; they discovered a , eleven galactic novae, one extragalactic nova and a .” (Pena˜ 1992).

2. Methodology

In order to carry out this analysis, we developed three databases in Microsoft Excel. The first was used to capture his productivity, consisting of 93 papers written from 1944 through 1967; the second database contained the 710 references related to that production; the third one included the citations to that production, receiving 830 cita- tions, from 1965 to February 6th of 2009. Furthermore, a scanning of the articles for the analysis of the keywords used by the author was made. For the objective of this study, we used Dr. Haro’s scientific production, based on his curriculum vitae, com- plementing it with SCI and ADS for the capture of citations. We used the WordSmith Tools Controller Program to obtain keywords. From the analysis of these variables, we were able to identify some of the characteristics of this author, both in his scientific production and in his citations.

Figure 1. Scientific production G. Haro — a Bibliometrical Study 125

3. Analysis of Results

As shown in Figure 1, he was most prolific in the 1950s. He was also an author in solitaire because 49 of his 93 papers were authored by him alone, and he was first author in 86 of his works. A total of 33 were co-authored, his main collaborator being Enrique Chavira: they wrote 30 papers together. Another 10 have multiple authorship, with three or more authors.

Figure 2. Years cited in the references

More than half of his papers were published in the Bolet´ın de los Observatorios de Tonantzintla y Tacubaya (31), then in the Harvard College Observatory Announcement Card (18); and 10 were in IBVS. He also published in AJ, ApJ, PASP and Rev. Mex A&A, among others. From the 93 papers analyzed we found 710 references which have the following characteristics: the first articles have only the title of the journal, the year and the page. From the 1950s on, the citations included a reference to the author’s name.

Figure 3. Most cited journals in the references 126 Mata-Acosta et al.

The references used by G. Haro are mostly from the period 1950–1969 as is shown in Figure 2. The journal most cited is ApJ, followed by the Bolet´ın de los Observatorios de Tonantzintla y Tacubaya, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 4. Citing authors of G. Haro’s work

3.1. Citation Analysis Figure 4 shows the main authors citing G. Haro’s works as follows: Elma Parsamyan with 19% followed by G. Haro himself with 18%, and 14% by Bo Reipurth and L. W. Minoran. Figure 5 shows the citing authors’ institutions as follows: Byurakan Astro- physical Observatory with 33%, then the Instituto de Astronom´ıa with 20%, the Lick Observatory with 10%, University of California with 9%, INAOE with 7%, Hale Ob- servatories with 6%, University of Washington, Warner & Swasey Observatory and University of Missouri with 5% respectively. The total number of cites received was 830. Figure 6 shows an example of how the contributions of G. Haro are still relevant. “Herbig’s Nebulous Objects near NGC 1999,” published in The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 115, No. 3, pp. 572–573, (1952), is still being cited. The results of the content indexation analysis of the articles published by Dr. Haro in Spanish were made with WordSmith Tools Controller Program and are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Results of content analysis Keyword Frequency % Subject Stars 332 0.87 TTauri stars Flare stars Galaxies 129 0.34 type Sb Sa and S0 type Ir G. Haro — a Bibliometrical Study 127

Figure 5. Citing authors’ institutions

Acknowledgments. Part of this research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System. The authors thank Hector´ Aceves for useful comments and suggestions, and to Berta Enciso for help in the translation from Spanish to English.

References

Bartolucci, J. 2000, La Modernizacion´ de la Ciencia en Mexico:´ el caso de los astronomos,´ (Mexico:´ UNAM), 158 Pena,˜ J. H. 1992, Bolet´ın de la Sociedad Mexicana de F´ısica, 51

Figure 6. Distribution of cites received 1997–2008 for “Herbig’s Nebulous Ob- jects near NGC 1999.”