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Z39.50 Implementation Experiences i NIST Special Publication 500-229 .J Computer Systems Z39,50 Implementation Experiences Technology U.S. DEPARTMENT OF Editors: COMMERCE Technology Administration Paul Over Ray Denenberg National institute of Standards and William E. Moen Lennie Stovel Technology Nisr NAT'L INST. OF STAND & TECH R.I.C. NIST PUBLiCATlONS AlllOM 7fl7S31 get -fag." r I Z39.50 %s/ iitt IntoX and mx 4/ Ge„er.^»Stecorcl Syntax 1 The National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303. Major technical operating units and their principal activities are listed below. For more information contact the Public Inquiries Desk, 301-975-3058. Office of the Director Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory • Advanced Technology Program • Precision Engineering • Quality Programs • Automated Production Technology • International and Academic Affairs • Intelligent Systems • Manufacturing Systems Integration Technology Services • Fabrication Technology • Manufacturing Extension Partnership • Standards Services Electronics and Electrical Engineering • Technology Commercialization Laboratory • Measurement Services • Microelectronics • Technology Evaluation and Assessment • Law Enforcement Standards • Information Services • Electricity • Semiconductor Electronics Materials Science and Engineering • Electromagnetic Fields' Laboratory • Electromagnetic Technology' • Intelligent Processing of Materials • Optoelectronics' • Ceramics • Materials Reliability' Building and Fire Research Laboratory • Polymers • Structures • Metallurgy • Building Materials • Reactor Radiation • Building Environment • Fire Safety Chemical Science and Technology • Fire Science Laboratory • Biotechnology Computer Systems Laboratory • Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics • Office of Enterprise Integration • Analytical Chemical Research • Information Systems Engineering • Process Measurements^ • Systems and Software Technology • Surface and Microanalysis Science • Computer Security • Thermophysics^ • Systems and Network Architecture • Advanced Systems Physics Laboratory • Electron and Optical Physics Computing and Applied Mathematics • Atomic Physics Laboratory • Molecular Physics • Applied and Computational Mathematics^ • Radiometric Physics • Statistical Engineering^ • Quantum Metrology • Scientific Computing Environments^ • Ionizing Radiation • Computer Services • Time and Frequency' • Computer Systems and Communications^ • Quantum Physics' • Information Systems 'At Boulder, CO 80303. ^Some elements at Boulder, CO 80303. NIST Special Publication 500-229 Z39.50 Implementation Experiences Editors: Paul Over Ray Denenberg Computer Systems Laboratory Z39.50 Maintenance Agency National Institute of Standards Library of Congress and Technology Washington, DC 20540 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 William E. Moen Lennie Stove! School of Librar-y and Information The Research Libraries Group, Inc. Sciences 1200 Villa Street University of North Texas Mountain View, CA 94041-1100 Denton, TX 76201 Computer Systems Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 September 1995 U.S. Department of Commerce Ronald H. Brown, Secretary Technology Administration Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology Arati Prabhakar, Director Reports on Computer Systems Technology The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a unique responsibility for computer systems technology within the Federal government. NIST's Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) devel- ops standards and guidelines, provides technical assistance, and conducts research for computers and related telecommunications systems to achieve more effective utilization of Federal information technol- ogy resources. CSL's responsibilities include development of technical, management, physical, and ad- ministrative standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information processed in Federal computers. CSL assists agencies in developing security plans and in Improving computer security awareness training. This Special Publication 500 series reports CSL re- search and guidelines to Federal agencies as well as to organizations in industry, government, and academia. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 500-229 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 500-229, 125 pages (Sept. 1995) CODEN: NSPUE2 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1995 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Preface ANSI/NISO Z39.50, a communications protocol for information retrieval in a client/server environment, is widely implemented in the United States and increasingly in Europe - with interest growing elsewhere as well. Maintained for ANSI/NISO by the Z39.50 Maintenance Agency at the Library of Congress, the standard is driven by the consen- sus of its implementors as represented by the active members of the Z39.50 Implementors' Group (ZIG). The ZIG exchanges information about implementation problems and solutions (e.g., through energetic discussion on the Z39.50 list and at meetings), but until now, only a few members have found time to reflect on and write about their experiences with implementing Z39.50. While substantial explanatory material has been added to the Z39.50 standard in recent revisions, the protocol speci- fication is not intended as a repository for supporting material such as discussions of how to get started, design alter- natives, lessons learned, etc. But the need for such ancillary documentation increases as the standard grows and the number of implementations rises. The following collection of papers on Z39.50 implementation experiences is offered as a small contribution toward meeting this need in the hope that it will help new developers to build on the work of more experienced Z39.50 implementors and encourage additional contributions of a practical nature to the literature on Z39.50. The first three papers draw on the authors' extensive experience with particular implementations to provide generic guidance on designing and implementing Z39.50 clients and servers. In Z39.50for Full-Text Search and Retrieval Margaret St. Pierre (Blue Angel Technologies) describes the construction of a minimally conformant client/server and its modular extension. John Kunze (U.C. Berkeley and the U.S. National Library of Medicine) focuses in Basic Z39.50 Server Concepts and Creation on some fundamental design decisions in implementing a basic server. Ralph LeVan's (OCLC) article, Building a Z39.50 Client, provides a tutorial on building a Z39.50 client and includes sam- ple source code. The next two papers also offer generic guidance but with a narrower focus. In Implementing Explain Denis Lynch (TRW Business Intelligence Systems) writes on how a Z39.50 server's Explain database can be used to help users and clients discover and take advantage of a Z39.50 server's resources. Makx Dekkers's (Pica) contribution. Imple- menting Z39.50 in a multi-national and multi-lingual environment, reflects on some of the problems encountered as Z39.50, with its Anglo-American origins, is applied to information retrieval in an international environment. The third group of papers discusses some publicly available resources that have grown out of particular implementa- tions. Use of Z39. 50 for Search and Retrieval of Scientific and Technical Information by Les Wibberley (Chemical Abstracts Service) recounts the growing pains of Z39.50 in meeting the needs of scientific users and the development of the Scientific and Technical Attribute Set (STAS). Kevin Gamiel's and Nassib Nassar's (CNIDR) article. Struc- tural Components of the Isite Information System, outlines technical topics related to a publicly available open infor- mation system (Isite) - in particular its document model. The remaining four papers speak to design goals and implementation decisions in specific information retrieval appli- cations using Z39.50. In Z39.50 - implications and implementation at the AT&T library network Robert Waldstein (AT&T Bell Laboratories) looks at the changing expectations of users in one large corporate environment and the development of the Z39.50 standard to meet those expectations. The Implementation ofZ39.50 in the National inte- Library of Canada
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