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Jüdische Familien in Groß Glienicke

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Jüdische Familien in Groß Glienicke JüdischeJüdische FamilienFamilien inin GroßGroß GlienickeGlienicke Eine Spurensuche Der Groß Glienicker Kreis entstand 1989 als Bürger - initiative und 2003 als eingetragener und gemeinnütziger Inhalt Verein. Die vorrangigen Aufgaben des Vereins sind der Naturschutz in und um Groß Glienicke, der Erhalt historischer Anlagen (u. a. Potsdamer Tor, Gutspark), Seite 3 die Fortführung der Ortschronik, die Aufarbeitung der An die Leser historischen und kulturellen Überlieferungen des jetzigen Potsdamer Ortsteils Groß Glienicke sowie lokal - Seite 4 geschichtliche Veröffentlichungen. Jüdische Familien in Groß Glienicke Wenn Sie diese Arbeit finanziell unterstützen und eine Spende überweisen wollen – das Konto ist: Seite 7 Groß Glienicker Kreis Mit Marlene Dietrich befreundet: Kontonummer 35 36 00 22 09 Die Familien Jacob und Weitz MBS Potsdam, BLZ 160 500 00. Seite 9 Rabbiner und Versicherungsdirektor: Rudolf Leszynsky Seite 12 Dreifaches „A“ an der Haustür: Adolf und Anna Abraham Seite 15 Jüdische Familien in Groß Glienicke Die unglaubliche Geschichte des Fritz Wertheim Herausgeber: Groß Glienicker Kreis e. V., c/o Dieter Dargies, Am Waldfrieden 5, 14476 Potsdam OT Groß Glienicke, Tel.: 033201- 43622, www.grossglienickerkreis.de Redaktion: Sonja Richter, Seite 17 Winfried Sträter, Dieter Dargies. Autoren: Christoph Classen, Klinikpläne für Groß Glienicke: Dieter Dargies, Moritz Gröning, Paul Hiepko, Meinhard Jacobs, Alfred und Else Wolff-Eisner Christoph Kleßmann, Hans-Jürgen Lödden, Sonja Richter, Edda Weiß. Layout: medienPUNKTpotsdam, H. Jo. Eggstein Druckerei: Seite 20 P&P Printmanagement, 96170 Trabelsdorf Bildnachweis: Titelfoto: Jüdisches Museum Berlin, Foto: Jens Ziehe, Schenkung von Peter Die Enteignung des Dr. Alexander Sinclair; Seite 4: Jüdisches Museum Berlin, Foto: Jens Ziehe, Schenkung von Peter Sinclair; Seite 5: Ortschronik Groß Glienicke; Seite 22 Seite 6: Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (BLHA), Rep. 36 A Eishockey-Legende „Rudi“ Ball Oberfinanzpräsident Berlin-Brandenburg (II) Nr. 3807, Seite 7 links: Jüdisches Museum Berlin, Foto: Jens Ziehe, Schenkung von Seite 24 Peter Sinclair, rechts: Association for Veterans of Foreign Wars; Seite 8: lifeinlegacy.com; Seite 10: Brandenburgisches Landes- Hans Bie und das Siedlungsgebiet hauptarchiv (BLHA), Rep. 36 A Oberfinanzpräsident Berlin-Bran- um den Karpfenteich denburg Nr. 2511; Seite 12: "Mein Heim", 2. Aufl. 1932, Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Berlin; Seite 13: Foto: Dietrich Gröning; Seite 14: Seite 26 Foto: Friederike Gröning; Seite 15: Foto: Paul Hiepko; Seite 17: Josef Schmeidler – ein bürokratisches Gedenkbuch Berliner Jüdische Kassenärzte und ihr Schicksal im Nationalsozialismus/Gerda Woizinski; Seite 20: Gedenkbuch Lehrstück aus dem „Dritten Reich“ Berliner Jüdische Kassenärzte und ihr Schicksal im Nationalsozia- lismus/Familienbesitz Alexander; Seite 21: gr. Foto: Sonja Richter, Seite 28 kl. Foto: Familienbesitz Alexander; Seite 24: Foto: Paul Hiepko; Weitere jüdische Schicksale Seite 25: Privatbesitz; Seite 26: Brandenburgisches Landeshaupt- archiv (BLHA), Rep. 204 A Ministerium der Finanzen Nr. 2717; Seite 30 Seite 28: Foto: Sonja Richter; Seite 29 oben: Foto: Sonja Richter, unten: Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (BLHA), Rep. 204 A Antijüdische Gesetze der NS-Zeit Ministerium der Finanzen Nr. 2605 2 Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, schen Beiträgen zu unterstützen. Auf der Homepage des Groß Glienicker Kreises www.grossglienickerkreis.de einer der Interessenschwerpunkte der Arbeit des Groß werden wir weiter über das Projekt und neue Erkennt- Glienicker Kreises ist die Ortsgeschichte. Es gibt Dar- nisse berichten. stellungen der Ortsgeschichte, die das Leben jüdischer Der Groß Glienicker Kreis dankt allen Mitarbeitern Familien in Groß Glienicke stichwortartig streifen. In und Unterstützern unserer Spurensuche, insbesondere der Auflistung von ca. 50 historisch interessanten Per- Sonja Richter, die die Arbeitsgruppe geleitet und immer sonen in Groß Glienicke, die Henning Heese veröffentlicht wieder neu motiviert hat, Katrin Grün vom Branden- hat, wird zum Beispiel nur der Eishockeyspieler Rudi burgischen Landeshauptarchiv, die den Großteil der Ball, der einen jüdischen Vater hatte, in einer Kurzbio- von uns benutzten Akten ausfindig gemacht hat, und graphie erwähnt. Diese Lücke soll die vorliegende Bro- dem Groß Glienicker Ortsbeirat, der für die Druckkosten schüre schließen. aufgekommen ist. Die Ergebnisse der Nachforschungen, die der Groß Glienicker Kreis in dieser Broschüre dokumentiert, sind Dieter Dargies kein Schlusspunkt, sondern sollen am Thema Interessierte Vorsitzender des Groß Glienicker Kreises anregen, unsere Arbeit mit weiterführenden oder kriti- Im April 2011 Vorwort „Grabe, wo Du stehst“ – das war 1978 die Parole wollen wir wieder ein Gesicht geben oder wenigstens einer neuen Geschichtsbewegung in Schweden, aus die groben Konturen einer Biografie rekonstruieren. der in Westdeutschland die „Geschichtswerkstätten“ Ihre Geschichte lässt sich aufgrund von erhalten ge- entstanden. Sie wollten sich nicht um die „große bliebenen Akten der Finanzbehörden und zusätzlichen Politik“, sondern um die Lebenswelten im Wohnviertel, Recherchen dann doch etwas genauer erfassen, als wir im Dorf, am Arbeitsplatz kümmern. Suche nach kaum zunächst vermutet hatten. Ein erstes Ergebnis dieser erinnerten Aspekten einer Dorfgeschichte gehört dazu. Bemühungen ist diese Broschüre. In dieser Tradition hat sich im April 2009 eine kleine Nahezu alle Elemente der allgemeinen Geschichte Gruppe von Interessenten beim Groß Glienicker Kreis der Juden in Deutschland und Europa lassen sich hier zusammengefunden, die Spuren jüdischen Lebens in aus der Perspektive einer „Geschichte von unten“ an- unserem Dorf nachgehen wollte. Da es nach unseren satzweise wiederfinden: die sukzessive Entrechtung Erkenntnissen in der DDR-Zeit hier keine entsprechenden und Diskriminierung mit strikt bürokratischen Methoden, Forschungen gegeben hat, wussten wir zunächst wenig, die rechtzeitige Flucht ins Ausland, der verdeckte und hatten auch nur geringe Hoffnung, dass wir noch hin- offene Terror bis hin zur Deportation nach Theresienstadt reichend Material finden oder auf lebendige Erinnerungen und Auschwitz, schließlich die komplizierten Prozeduren stoßen würden. von Entschädigung und Wiedergutmachung nach dem Eine jüdische Gemeinde gab es in Groß Glienicke Ende der NS-Diktatur. Das alles ist und bleibt auch in zwar nicht. Doch viele wohlhabende jüdische Bürger der lokalen Begrenzung ein Kapitel der Geschichte des vor allem aus Berlin hatten hier Grundstücke und Wo- 20. Jahrhunderts, an das immer wieder erinnert werden chenendhäuser. Zumindest einigen von ihnen, die gro- muss. ßenteils von den Nazis in die Emigration getrieben, zum Teil deportiert und auch umgebracht wurden, Prof. Christoph Kleßmann 3 Jüdische Familien in Groß Glienicke Von Sonja Richter und Edda Weiß Über Juden in Groß Glienicke ist bislang nur wenig be- Es blieben ihnen nur wenige Jahre, um das beschau- kannt. Ein jüdisches Leben im Sinne einer Pflege der liche Leben am Groß Glienicker See zu genießen. Einige jüdischen Religion und Kultur gab es hier offenbar schafften es, in dieser kurzen Zeit Wochenendhäuser nicht. Der Ort gehörte ebenso wie Seeburg, Falkensee, von zum Teil beachtlicher Größe zu errichten, andere Dallgow und einige andere brandenburgische Ortschaften konnten ihre mutmaßlichen Pläne nicht mehr umsetzen, zum Verband der Synagogengemeinde Spandau. Gläu- die Grundstücke blieben unbebaut. Neben rein jüdischen bige Juden mussten dorthin gehen, wenn sie am Got- Familien gab es auch so genannte Mischfamilien. Und tesdienst oder am jüdischen Vereinsleben teilnehmen natürlich waren Juden auch unter den Badegästen ver- wollten. Allerdings gab es 1925 laut Volkszählung treten. gerade mal eine Person jüdischen Glaubens in Groß Die sozialen Kontakte der Berliner Juden zur Groß Glienicke. Glienicker Bevölkerung waren offenbar vor allem wirt- In größerer Zahl haben Juden den Ort erst Ende der schaftlicher Natur. So war ein ortsansässiger Gärtnerei- 1920er Jahre für sich entdeckt, als über 1.000 Hektar betrieb bei vielen Familien für die Pflege der Gartenan- ehemalige land- und forstwirtschaftliche Flächen par- lagen zuständig. Ansonsten lebten die gut situierten zelliert und als Siedlungsland verkauft wurden. Unter Neusiedler (nicht nur die jüdischen) weitgehend für den wohlhabenderen Städtern, die das damals eifrig sich, wie sich ein Zeitzeuge aus dem Ort erinnert. angepriesene Bauland erwarben, waren auch Ärzte, Unter den uns bekannten jüdischen Bürgern finden Kaufleute, Juristen jüdischen Glaubens, die ein Refugium sich einige Personen von Rang und Namen, auf die in vom Großstadttrubel suchten. dieser Broschüre noch näher eingegangen wird: der Viele jüdische Familien aus Berlin, die es sich leisten konnten, bauten sich ein Sommerhaus am Groß Glienicker See, um dort auszuspannen. Hier die Familie Jacob/Weitz in der Seepromenade 4 renommierte Medizinprofessor Alfred Wolff-Eisner, der 10. November 1938 setzte dem ein Ende. Nach Zeit- Religionsforscher Rudolf Leszynsky, der große Eishockey- zeugenberichten brannte mindestens ein jüdisches spieler Rudolf Ball und ein Angehöriger der Wertheim- Sommerhaus im Ort ab, an anderen gab es vermutlich Dynastie. Beschädigungen. Die verbliebene ökonomische Exis- Natürlich brachte die Machtübernahme der Natio- tenzgrundlage der Juden wurde binnen weniger Monate nalsozialisten 1933 auch für die Juden in Groß Glienicke vernichtet. Die meisten jüdischen Berliner sahen sich einen tiefgreifenden Einschnitt
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