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Ligature Modeling for Recognition of Characters Written in 3D Space Dae Hwan Kim, Jin Hyung Kim
Ligature Modeling for Recognition of Characters Written in 3D Space Dae Hwan Kim, Jin Hyung Kim To cite this version: Dae Hwan Kim, Jin Hyung Kim. Ligature Modeling for Recognition of Characters Written in 3D Space. Tenth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Université de Rennes 1, Oct 2006, La Baule (France). inria-00105116 HAL Id: inria-00105116 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00105116 Submitted on 10 Oct 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ligature Modeling for Recognition of Characters Written in 3D Space Dae Hwan Kim Jin Hyung Kim Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition Lab. Pattern Recognition Lab. KAIST, Daejeon, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea South Korea [email protected] [email protected] Abstract defined shape of character while it showed high recognition performance. Moreover when a user writes In this work, we propose a 3D space handwriting multiple stroke character such as ‘4’, the user has to recognition system by combining 2D space handwriting write a new shape which is predefined in a uni-stroke models and 3D space ligature models based on that the and which he/she has never seen. -
A Collection of Mildly Interesting Facts About the Little Symbols We Communicate With
Ty p o g raph i c Factettes A collection of mildly interesting facts about the little symbols we communicate with. Helvetica The horizontal bars of a letter are almost always thinner than the vertical bars. Minion The font size is approximately the measurement from the lowest appearance of any letter to the highest. Most of the time. Seventy-two points equals one inch. Fridge256 point Cochin most of 50the point Zaphino time Letters with rounded bottoms don’t sit on the baseline, but slightly below it. Visually, they would appear too high if they rested on the same base as the squared letters. liceAdobe Caslon Bold UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES LOLITA LOLITA In Ancient Rome, scribes would abbreviate et (the latin word for and) into one letter. We still use that abbreviation, called the ampersand. The et is still very visible in some italic ampersands. The word ampersand comes from and-per-se-and. Strange. Adobe Garamond Regular Adobe Garamond Italic Trump Mediaval Italic Helvetica Light hat two letters ss w it cam gue e f can rom u . I Yo t h d. as n b ha e rt en ho a s ro n u e n t d it r fo w r s h a u n w ) d r e e m d a s n o r f e y t e t a e r b s , a b s u d t e d e e n m t i a ( n l d o b s o m a y r S e - d t w A i e t h h t t , h d e n a a s d r v e e p n t m a o f e e h m t e a k i i l . -
The Selnolig Package: Selective Suppression of Typographic Ligatures*
The selnolig package: Selective suppression of typographic ligatures* Mico Loretan† 2015/10/26 Abstract The selnolig package suppresses typographic ligatures selectively, i.e., based on predefined search patterns. The search patterns focus on ligatures deemed inappropriate because they span morpheme boundaries. For example, the word shelfful, which is mentioned in the TEXbook as a word for which the ff ligature might be inappropriate, is automatically typeset as shelfful rather than as shelfful. For English and German language documents, the selnolig package provides extensive rules for the selective suppression of so-called “common” ligatures. These comprise the ff, fi, fl, ffi, and ffl ligatures as well as the ft and fft ligatures. Other f-ligatures, such as fb, fh, fj and fk, are suppressed globally, while making exceptions for names and words of non-English/German origin, such as Kafka and fjord. For English language documents, the package further provides ligature suppression rules for a number of so-called “discretionary” or “rare” ligatures, such as ct, st, and sp. The selnolig package requires use of the LuaLATEX format provided by a recent TEX distribution, e.g., TEXLive 2013 and MiKTEX 2.9. Contents 1 Introduction ........................................... 1 2 I’m in a hurry! How do I start using this package? . 3 2.1 How do I load the selnolig package? . 3 2.2 Any hints on how to get started with LuaLATEX?...................... 4 2.3 Anything else I need to do or know? . 5 3 The selnolig package’s approach to breaking up ligatures . 6 3.1 Free, derivational, and inflectional morphemes . -
Chapter 5. Characters: Typology and Page Encoding 1
Chapter 5. Characters: typology and page encoding 1 Chapter 5. Characters: typology and encoding Version 2.0 (16 May 2008) 5.1 Introduction PDF of chapter 5. The basic characters a-z / A-Z in the Latin alphabet can be encoded in virtually any electronic system and transferred from one system to another without loss of information. Any other characters may cause problems, even well established ones such as Modern Scandinavian ‘æ’, ‘ø’ and ‘å’. In v. 1 of The Menota handbook we therefore recommended that all characters outside a-z / A-Z should be encoded as entities, i.e. given an appropriate description and placed between the delimiters ‘&’ and ‘;’. In the last years, however, all major operating systems have implemented full Unicode support and a growing number of applications, including most web browsers, also support Unicode. We therefore believe that encoders should take full advantage of the Unicode Standard, as recommended in ch. 2.2.2 above. As of version 2.0, the character encoding recommended in The Menota handbook has been synchronised with the recommendations by the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative . The character recommendations by MUFI contain more than 1,300 characters in the Latin alphabet of potential use for the encoding of Medieval Nordic texts. As a consequence of the synchronisation, the list of entities which is part of the Menota scheme is identical to the one by MUFI. In other words, if a character is encoded with a code point or an entity in the MUFI character recommendation, it will be a valid character encoding also in a Menota text. -
An Introduction to Indic Scripts
An Introduction to Indic Scripts Richard Ishida W3C [email protected] HTML version: http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-ri-indic/indic-paper.html PDF version: http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-ri-indic/indic-paper.pdf Introduction This paper provides an introduction to the major Indic scripts used on the Indian mainland. Those addressed in this paper include specifically Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu. I have used XHTML encoded in UTF-8 for the base version of this paper. Most of the XHTML file can be viewed if you are running Windows XP with all associated Indic font and rendering support, and the Arial Unicode MS font. For examples that require complex rendering in scripts not yet supported by this configuration, such as Bengali, Oriya, and Malayalam, I have used non- Unicode fonts supplied with Gamma's Unitype. To view all fonts as intended without the above you can view the PDF file whose URL is given above. Although the Indic scripts are often described as similar, there is a large amount of variation at the detailed implementation level. To provide a detailed account of how each Indic script implements particular features on a letter by letter basis would require too much time and space for the task at hand. Nevertheless, despite the detail variations, the basic mechanisms are to a large extent the same, and at the general level there is a great deal of similarity between these scripts. It is certainly possible to structure a discussion of the relevant features along the same lines for each of the scripts in the set. -
Five Centurie< of German Fraktur by Walden Font
Five Centurie< of German Fraktur by Walden Font Johanne< Gutenberg 1455 German Fraktur represents one of the most interesting families of typefaces in the history of printing. Few types have had such a turbulent history, and even fewer have been alter- nately praised and despised throughout their history. Only recently has Fraktur been rediscovered for what it is: a beau- tiful way of putting words into written form. Walden Font is proud to pres- ent, for the first time, an edition of 18 classic Fraktur and German Script fonts from five centuries for use on your home computer. This booklet describes the history of each font and provides you with samples for its use. Also included are the standard typeset- ting instructions for Fraktur ligatures and the special characters of the Gutenberg Bibelschrift. We hope you find the Gutenberg Press to be an entertaining and educational publishing tool. We certainly welcome your comments and sug- gestions. You will find information on how to contact us at the end of this booklet. Verehrter Frakturfreund! Wir hoffen mit unserer "“Gutenberg Pre%e”" zur Wiederbelebung der Fraktur= schriften - ohne jedweden politis#en Nebengedanken - beizutragen. Leider verbieten un< die hohen Produktion<kosten eine Deutsche Version diese< Be= nu@erhandbüchlein< herau<zugeben, Sie werden aber den Deutschen Text auf den Programmdisketten finden. Bitte lesen Sie die “liesmich”" Datei für weitere Informationen. Wir freuen un< auch über Ihre Kommentare und Anregungen. Kontaktinformationen sind am Ende diese< Büchlein< angegeben. A brief history of Fraktur At the end of the 15th century, most Latin books in Germany were printed in a dark, barely legible gothic type style known asTextura . -
222 Introduction to Attributed String Drawing FINAL DF
Introduction to Attributed Strings for iOS Drawing strings with dramatic expression Session 222 Aki “I ⍰ Unicode” Inoue Cocoa Engineer These are confidential sessions—please refrain from streaming, blogging, or taking pictures Multi-style String Drawing in UIKit Multi-style String Drawing in UIKit You can take it off the wishlist now! NSAttributedString in UIKit Agenda • Attributed string essentials • Drawing with basic attributes • UIKit adoption Agenda • Attributed string essentials • Drawing with basic attributes • UIKit adoption Agenda • Attributed string essentials • Drawing with basic attributes • UIKit adoption Agenda • Attributed string essentials • Drawing with basic attributes • UIKit adoption Attributed String Essentials Displaying Strings Using UIStringDrawing I’m a string Displaying Strings Using UIStringDrawing @”I’m a string” NSString Displaying Strings Using UIStringDrawing I’m a string Displaying Strings Using UIStringDrawing I’m a string Helvetica Neue Displaying Strings Using UIStringDrawing I’m a string Helvetica Neue Bold Displaying Strings Using UIStringDrawing I’m a string Helvetica Neue Bold Red What Is an Attributed String ? Associating attributes to characters I’m an attributed string What Is an Attributed String ? Associating attributes to characters I’m an attributed string Helvetica Neue What Is an Attributed String ? Associating attributes to characters I’m an attributed string Helvetica Neue What Is an Attributed String ? Associating attributes to characters Helvetica Neue + Yellow I’m an attributed string -
Fonts for Latin Paleography
FONTS FOR LATIN PALEOGRAPHY Capitalis elegans, capitalis rustica, uncialis, semiuncialis, antiqua cursiva romana, merovingia, insularis majuscula, insularis minuscula, visigothica, beneventana, carolina minuscula, gothica rotunda, gothica textura prescissa, gothica textura quadrata, gothica cursiva, gothica bastarda, humanistica. User's manual 5th edition 2 January 2017 Juan-José Marcos [email protected] Professor of Classics. Plasencia. (Cáceres). Spain. Designer of fonts for ancient scripts and linguistics ALPHABETUM Unicode font http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html PALEOGRAPHIC fonts http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/palefont.html TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page Table of contents 2 Introduction 3 Epigraphy and Paleography 3 The Roman majuscule book-hand 4 Square Capitals ( capitalis elegans ) 5 Rustic Capitals ( capitalis rustica ) 8 Uncial script ( uncialis ) 10 Old Roman cursive ( antiqua cursiva romana ) 13 New Roman cursive ( nova cursiva romana ) 16 Half-uncial or Semi-uncial (semiuncialis ) 19 Post-Roman scripts or national hands 22 Germanic script ( scriptura germanica ) 23 Merovingian minuscule ( merovingia , luxoviensis minuscula ) 24 Visigothic minuscule ( visigothica ) 27 Lombardic and Beneventan scripts ( beneventana ) 30 Insular scripts 33 Insular Half-uncial or Insular majuscule ( insularis majuscula ) 33 Insular minuscule or pointed hand ( insularis minuscula ) 38 Caroline minuscule ( carolingia minuscula ) 45 Gothic script ( gothica prescissa , quadrata , rotunda , cursiva , bastarda ) 51 Humanist writing ( humanistica antiqua ) 77 Epilogue 80 Bibliography and resources in the internet 81 Price of the paleographic set of fonts 82 Paleographic fonts for Latin script 2 Juan-José Marcos: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The following pages will give you short descriptions and visual examples of Latin lettering which can be imitated through my package of "Paleographic fonts", closely based on historical models, and specifically designed to reproduce digitally the main Latin handwritings used from the 3 rd to the 15 th century. -
MDST 300: Basic Terms for Understanding Medieval Manuscripts
MDST 300: Basic Terms for Understanding Medieval Manuscripts (Note: this is cobbled together from a number of sources without attribution, so please don’t quote it verbatim; look the terms up in Parkes, Preston & Yandle, Bischoff/Ganz, or some equally good book I can point you to if needed. A good introductory bibliography of paleography and codicology can be found at http://www8.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/labyrinth/subjects/mss/pale obib.html. ) codicology – the study of books, especially their construction and binding, as physical objects. paleography – the study and interpretation of handwriting, especially pre-modern handwriting. diplomatic - study of the formal qualities of a document, including standardised forms of wording and layout I. The Physical Object manuscript- a text that has been copied by hand as opposed to printed. Term first appears about 1594; in Old English the term is ‘handgewrit’ and in Middle English, simply ‘bok.’ It is abbreviated MS; the plural is MSS. codex - The modern book form, comprised of pages pasted or bound together, usually with an outside binding. This is opposed to the roll or scroll, the more common form in pre-medieval European societies and used for institutional record keeping well into the fifteenth century. quire or gathering - An assemblage of folia which have been folded once and stitched together to make a booklet or signature. Several gatherings are put together to make a codex or book. Sometimes a group of quires may be gathered together in a pamphlet, and then those pamphlets are bound together as a larger book; this can be a paleographic nightmare. -
The Brill Typeface User Guide & Complete List of Characters
The Brill Typeface User Guide & Complete List of Characters Version 2.06, October 31, 2014 Pim Rietbroek Preamble Few typefaces – if any – allow the user to access every Latin character, every IPA character, every diacritic, and to have these combine in a typographically satisfactory manner, in a range of styles (roman, italic, and more); even fewer add full support for Greek, both modern and ancient, with specialised characters that papyrologists and epigraphers need; not to mention coverage of the Slavic languages in the Cyrillic range. The Brill typeface aims to do just that, and to be a tool for all scholars in the humanities; for Brill’s authors and editors; for Brill’s staff and service providers; and finally, for anyone in need of this tool, as long as it is not used for any commercial gain.* There are several fonts in different styles, each of which has the same set of characters as all the others. The Unicode Standard is rigorously adhered to: there is no dependence on the Private Use Area (PUA), as it happens frequently in other fonts with regard to characters carrying rare diacritics or combinations of diacritics. Instead, all alphabetic characters can carry any diacritic or combination of diacritics, even stacked, with automatic correct positioning. This is made possible by the inclusion of all of Unicode’s combining characters and by the application of extensive OpenType Glyph Positioning programming. Credits The Brill fonts are an original design by John Hudson of Tiro Typeworks. Alice Savoie contributed to Brill bold and bold italic. The black-letter (‘Fraktur’) range of characters was made by Karsten Lücke. -
A Letter Is Defined As a Character Or Symbol That Represents Sound Used in Speech
Typography 1: Letter A letter is defined as a character or symbol that represents sound used in speech. The English alphabet has 26 of these characters, from which all of the English language is derived. Each character is unique, it has it’s own sound, it’s own shape, its own characteristics and its own rules of use. A designer can not properly create good typographic design without a proper understanding of the characters that make up a word, sentence, or paragraph. Images from this slide show come from: http://www.graphictivitis.com/index.php/the-anatomy-of-type/ Typography 1: Letter The English alphabet is made up of uppercase letters, lowercase letters and a full complement of symbols, including periods, commas, exclamation points, question marks, numbers, hyphens, brackets, etc. The overall look and design of these letters is called a typeface. The complete set of letters, numbers, and symbols together is called a font. Samples of Baskerville (left) and Helvetica (right) Typography 1:Letter The two main categories of typefaces are serif or sans serif. Fonts are often divided into serif and sans serif. Serif fonts are distinguishable by the extra stroke at the ends of the character, known as a serif (aka as a tail). Sans serif is a letterform without structural extensions or tails. Sans is french meaning without. Typography 1:Letter Examples of serif and sans serif typefaces Serif: Sans serif is a letterform without structural extensions or tails. Sans is french meaning without. Cave Paintings in Zimbabwe Typography 1: Letter Heavy rectangular shaped serifs are called slab serif typefaces What are some examples of slab serif typefaces in your collection of fonts? Typography 1: Letter ANATOMY OF A LETTER Cap height: The height of the uppercase letters. -
Times and Helvetica Fonts Under Development
ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica Fonts Under Development: Step One Yannis Haralambous, John Plaice To cite this version: Yannis Haralambous, John Plaice. ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica Fonts Under Development: Step One. Tugboat, TeX Users Group, 1996, Proceedings of the 1996 Annual Meeting, 17 (2), pp.126-146. hal- 02101600 HAL Id: hal-02101600 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02101600 Submitted on 25 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica Fonts Under Development: Step One Yannis Haralambous Atelier Fluxus Virus, 187, rue Nationale, F-59800 Lille, France [email protected] John Plaice D´epartement d’informatique, Universit´e Laval, Ste-Foy (Qu´ebec) Canada G1K 7P4 [email protected] TheTruthIsOutThere and publishers request that their texts be typeset —ChrisCARTER, The X-Files (1993) in Times; Helvetica (especially the bold series) is often used as a titling font. Like Computer Modern, Times is a very neutral font that can be used in a Introduction wide range of documents, ranging from poetry to ΩTimes and ΩHelvetica will be public domain technical documentation.. virtual Times- and Helvetica-like fonts based upon It would surely be more fun to prepare a real PostScript fonts, which we call “Glyph Con- Bembo- or Stempel Garamond-like font for the serifs tainers”.