DOCSLIB.ORG

Special Economic Zones in the OIC Region: Learning from Experience

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Special Economic Zones in the OIC Region: Learning from Experience Special Economic Zones in the OIC Region: Learning from Experience COMCEC Coordination Office October 2017 Special Economic Zones in the OIC Region: Learning from Experience COMCEC Coordination Office October 2017 This report has been commissioned by the COMCEC Coordination Office to BuroHappold Engineering Ltd and opinions expressed in the report are solely those of the author(s) and do not represent the official views of the COMCEC Coordination Office or the Member Countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. The final version of the report is available at the COMCEC website. Excerpts from the report can be made as long as references are provided. All intellectual and industrial property rights for the report belong to the COMCEC Coordination Office. This report is for individual use and it shall not be used for commercial purposes. Except for purposes of individual use, this report shall not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including printing, photocopying, CD recording, or by any physical or electronic reproduction system, or translated and provided to the access of any subscriber through electronic means for commercial purposes without the permission of the COMCEC Coordination Office. For further information please contact: The COMCEC Coordination Office Necatibey Caddesi No:110/A 06100 Yücetepe Ankara/TURKEY Phone : 90 312 294 57 10 Fax : 90 312 294 57 77 Web: www.comcec.org E-book: http://[email protected] ISBN: 978-605-9041-96-6 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Defining Special Economic Zones 1 Global SEZ Experiences 1 SEZ Development in OIC Member Countries 2 Conclusions and Recommendations 4 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 6 1.1 Purpose of this Report 6 1.2 Report Structure 6 2 SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE TYPOLOGIES 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Definition of SEZs 7 2.3 Working SEZ Typologies 8 2.4 Organisational Structure 10 2.5 Ownership of SEZs 10 2.6 Economic Rationale for Establishing SEZs 11 2.7 Incentive Schemes used in SEZs 18 3 LEARNING LESSONS FROM GLOBAL SEZ EXPERIENCE 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Emerging Global Trends 23 3.3 Development of Cross Country and Tripartite SEZs 27 3.4 Key Challenges to SEZ Success 29 4 TRENDS IN SEZS IN OIC MEMBER COUNTRIES 34 4.1 Profiling SEZs within OIC Member Countries 34 4.2 SEZ Benchmarking within OIC Member Countries 38 4.3 Evaluation of SEZ Development in OIC Member Countries 53 4.4 Key Successes of SEZ Development in OIC Member Countries 57 4.5 Challenges of SEZ Development in OIC Member Countries 59 5 LESSONS LEARNT FROM SEZ CASE STUDIES 66 5.1 Methodology 66 5.2 Case Study 1: Penang SEZ, Malaysia 68 5.3 Case Study 2: Jurong SEZ, Singapore 89 i 5.4 Case Study 3: Tanger Med SEZ, Morocco 104 5.5 Case Study 4: Aqaba Free Zone, Jordan 127 5.6 Case Study 5: Lekki Free Zone, Nigeria 141 5.7 Case Study 6: Bole Lemi Industrial Park, Ethiopia 153 6 SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS 162 6.1 Introduction 162 6.2 Key Organisational Factors 162 6.3 Key Economic Success Factors 171 6.4 Key Physical / Spatial Factors 174 7 ANNEX I – CASE STUDY SITE VISITS – ADDITIONAL DETAILS 176 7.1 List of Interviewed Persons 176 7.2 List of Interview Questions 177 8 ANNEX II – BIBLIOGRAPHY 180 ii List of Tables Table 2-1 - Special Economic Zone Typologies ......................................................................................................................... 9 Table 4-1 - OIC Member Countries with SEZ Development .............................................................................................. 34 Table 4-2 - Zones Selected for Comparative Benchmarking within OIC Member Countries ............................ 39 Table 4-3 - Comparative Matrix of Incentives within Selected OIC Member State SEZs .................................... 50 Table 4-4 - Comparative Analysis of Selected OIC member state SEZs ....................................................................... 54 Table 4-5 - Estimates of Direct Employment and Exports in SEZ Regions ................................................................ 60 Table 5-1 - Detailed Case Studies – Selected Zones .............................................................................................................. 67 Table 5-2 - Penang SEZ Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 68 Table 5-3 – Penang Industrial Zone Development ............................................................................................................... 70 Table 5-4 – Spatial Profile – Penang SEZ ................................................................................................................................... 71 Table 5-5 – Penang Sector Focus .................................................................................................................................................. 75 Table 5-6 – Penang SEZ - Economic Performance Summary ........................................................................................... 77 Table 5-7 - Jurong SEZ Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 89 Table 5-8 – Jurong FTZ – Spatial Components ........................................................................................................................ 92 Table 5-9 - Jurong Qualifying Criteria ......................................................................................................................................... 94 Table 5-10 – Jurong Island FTZ Economic Performance Summary .............................................................................. 98 Table 5-11 – Tanger Med Zones ................................................................................................................................................. 104 Table 5-12 – Tanger Med Zones Overview ............................................................................................................................ 104 Table 5-13 - Spatial Profile – Tanger Med Zones ................................................................................................................ 107 Table 5-14 – Tanger Med Zones Primary Sectoral Focus ............................................................................................... 116 Table 5-15 - Commercial and Lease Offer – Tanger Med Zones .................................................................................. 117 Table 5-16 – TMZs Economic Performance Summary ..................................................................................................... 118 Table 5-17 – Aqaba Free Zone Overview ............................................................................................................................... 127 Table 5-18 – Aqaba Ports Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 130 Table 5-19 – Aqaba Economic Performance Summary ................................................................................................... 136 Table 5-20 - Costs within Lekki Free Zone ............................................................................................................................ 148 Table 5-21 – Lekki Free Zone Economic Performance .................................................................................................... 149 Table 5-22 – Bole Lemi Free Zone Economic Performance ........................................................................................... 158 Table 7-1 - Details of Stakeholders Interviewed – Tanger Med Zones ..................................................................... 176 Table 7-2 - Details of Stakeholders Interviewed – Penang FIZs .................................................................................. 176 Table 7-3 - Details of Stakeholders Interviewed – Lekki Free Zone .......................................................................... 176 iii List of Figures Figure 1 – Total Number of SEZs by OIC Member State ..................................................................................................... 35 Figure 2 – Total SEZs by Typology within OIC Member Countries ............................................................................... 36 Figure 3 – SEZ Typologies by OIC Member Countries ......................................................................................................... 37 Figure 4 - Size of Selected SEZs within OIC Member Countries ...................................................................................... 42 Figure 5 – Distance from Major Ports (km) within Selected OIC Member State SEZs ......................................... 43 Figure 6 – Distance from Major Airport (km) within Selected OIC Member SEZs ................................................. 45 Figure 7 – Capacity of Ports in Proximity to Selected OIC Member SEZs (million TEU) ..................................... 46 Figure 8 – Capacity of Airports in Proximity to Selected OIC Member SEZs ............................................................ 47 Figure 9 - Firms by Hectare within Selected OIC Member SEZs ..................................................................................... 48 Figure 10 - Jobs per Hectare within Selected OIC Member SEZs ................................................................................... 48 Figure 11 – Average
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Civil-Military Relations and Democratization: a Cross-Regional
    CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS AND DEMOCRATIZATION: A CROSS-REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF ALGERIA AND SOUTH KOREA By Alexa Arevalo A capstone project submitted for Graduation with University Honors May 13, 2021 University Honors University of California, Riverside APPROVED Dr. David Pion-Berlin Department of Political Science Dr. Richard Cardullo, Howard H Hays Jr. Chair University Honors ABSTRACT The comparative literature on democratization commonly focuses on intra-regional analysis to study similar cases. Considering the diverse literature on democracy, the necessary variables for causality remain widely disputed. In political science, a growing body of scholarship has qualitatively analyzed the relationship between civil-military relations and democratization. This study aims to examine the observed variance in authoritarian durability. It analyzes the interactions between four independent variables and the observed effects on prospects of democratization in South Korea and Algeria. To set a strong foundation for a controlled comparison, the analysis utilizes case studies to increase the number of within case observations. Using a Most Different Systems Design (MDSD), the study tests four hypotheses corresponding to the variables of interest—foreign aid, regime type, societal fragmentation, and military withdrawal. My findings indicate consistent support for military withdrawal and regime deterioration. By contrast, there is inconsistent support for foreign aid, regime type, and societal fragmentation. Overall, these findings suggest that future research should include on large-n quantitative analysis to address concerns with generalizability. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. David Pion-Berlin for his guidance and for giving me independence to conceptualize this research. I am immensely grateful for having the opportunity to take part in his graduate seminar on the Armed Forces and Politics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Outsourcing and Brain Drain on Global Economic Equilibrium
    International Forum Vol. 12, No. 2 October 2009 pp. 3-23 FEATURE The Impact of Outsourcing and Brain Drain on Global Economic Equilibrium Khin Maung Kyi Abstract: Outsourcing and brain drain are two popular phenomena that have captured the interest of researchers in academia and the business world. Numerous studies have been conducted on these two topics but little research has related them to global economic equilibrium. This paper presents the effects of outsourcing and brain drain that the researcher believes have an impact on the improvement of the global economy. The study assumes that the more positive the outcomes created by outsourcing and brain drain, the greater the possibility to achieve global economic equilibrium. Globalization has opened up ways for businesses to share their excess resources in order to maximize benefits on return to all parties involved. In the process of sharing resources and utilizing benefits, however, not all entities benefit equally. There will be those that acquire more wealth, while others will experience diminished capital and resources. Nations with advanced economies focus their attention on industrialization and manufacturing of goods and services and therefore are able to provide a good selection of employment opportunities. These nations have not, however, shown a similar inclination to increase their population. The result is a labor shortage. Data from Germany (“Marriage and Family” 1995, para. 1), for example, shows that “like most other advanced countries in the postwar era, Germany recorded fewer marriages, more divorces, and smaller families.” Individual choice is not the only cause of this labor shortage. Government policy in some countries also affects human reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Fair Trade to End Human Trafficking
    Choosing Fair Trade to End Human Trafficking “Fair Trade is a trading partnership based on dialogue, transparency, and respect that seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers.” - World Fair Trade Organization What is Fair Trade? People who are impoverished are especially vulnerable to exploitation by traffickers. Fair Trade workers are paid a living wage so that their children don’t have to work to support their family and can attend school instead. Profits from Fair Trade ventures are reinvested into the community with Fair Trade Funds that address social, economic, and environmental challenges in each community. Through a democratic system, each Fair Trade community determines how their funds will be used. Funds can be reinvested into their business, directed to empowering women, supporting education, protecting the environment, fighting poverty and providing health care. In addition, Fair Trade certification guarantees that no child or forced labor was used in the production of goods. If you’d like to learn more about the impact of Fair Trade, please visit http://fairtradeusa.org/resources/impact-reports to read impact reports. Products that use Child Labor For a full report on the worst offenders in regards to forced and child labor, please see: http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child- labor/findings/ Demanding Ethically Sourced Products Fair Trade does not necessarily create better working conditions for people caught up in forced labor, since those conditions do not meet Fair Trade standards. However, as more people begin to buy Fair Trade, the demand for ethically sourced products increases.
    [Show full text]
  • Fair Play in World Trade Towards a Social Democratic Redesign of Trade Policy
    DECEMBER 2018 FAIR PLAY IN WORLD TRADE TOWARDS A SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC REDESIGN OF TRADE POLICY Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel with Bernd Lange MdEP, Matthias Miersch MdB, Sascha Raabe MdB, Dirk Wiese MdB, Fabian Bohnenberger, Clara Brandi, Herta Däubler-Gmelin, Alexander Geiger, Heike Joebges, Florian Moritz, Hubert Schillinger, Evita Schmieg, Jochen Steinhilber and Johanna Uekermann FAIR PLAY IN WORLD TRADE Contents Summary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �3 Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �4 A New Debate on Trade � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �5 Conflicts and Trade-offs in International Trade Policy ���������������������������7 Between Liberalised Markets and Democratic Decision-making Autonomy � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Between National Control and a Common EU Trade Policy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Between the Winners of Globalisation and Greater Prosperity for All � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Between Multilateral Rule-making and Bilateral Preferentialism � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Between Economic Objectives and Sustainability � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Guiding Principles for a Social Democratic Trade Policy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �11 A Social Democratic Reform Agenda
    [Show full text]
  • GA-2 16, Topic-Free Vs Fair Trade, Final
    Montana Model UN High School Conference General Assembly Second Committee Topic 2: Free Trade vs. Fair Trade with Developing Countries 1 1 October 2016 There are two basic approaches to international trade. The first approach, free trade , is the idea that government intervention and protectionist methods such as tariffs and import controls should be limited, allowing prices to be set by supply and demand and, therefore, to be as low as possible. The second approach, fair trade , is the idea that free market prices fail to provide for worker security in countries where labor is in abundance and wages are often inadequate to support workers’ most basic needs. Fair trade advocates argue that prices should be set to take such situations into account. The emphasis in free trade then, is on low prices, while the emphasis in fair trade is on fair prices. Those in favor of free trade argue that states should take several actions to reduce protectionism. First, states should reduce or eliminate tariffs (also known as customs duties), which are taxes on imports. 2 An example of a tariff is the US tariff on imported steel from China, which was set at 265.79% in March of 2016 to protect the US steel industry from the low prices that were accompanying a large “influx of foreign steel.” 3 Second, reducing protectionism calls for limiting subsidies. Subsidies are the financial assistance paid to support domestic businesses to make them artificially competitive against imports. In the European Union (EU) for example, domestic wheat farmers are being paid $200 per ton of wheat; however, outside of the EU, wheat can be purchased at $150 per ton, showing that EU farmers are being subsidized by $50 per ton.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Trade and Foreign Investment (Protecting the Public Interest) Bill 2014
    Submission by Civil Liberties Australia CLA TO: Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee Review of the Trade and Foreign Investment (Protecting the Public Interest) Bill 2014 Contents 1) Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS), part of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement, has developed expanded legal rights for investors which do not exist in national legal systems. 2) The effect of creating special rights for foreign investors has led to the unintended consequence of offshoring jobs as corporations move offshore to acquire the rights of foreign corporations. 3) ISDS provisions dilute the competitive advantage enjoyed by developed economies characterised by the rule of law. 4) The number of cases pursued against countries for introducing measures to protect public health, the environment and other socially beneficial legislation has increased. 5) Costs to government and taxpayers and ongoing “chilling” effect on proposals for socially beneficial legislation. 6) ISDS procedures lack legal protections of the kind found in domestic legal systems 7) Recent “safeguards” included in ISDS clauses to protect health, environment and other public interest legislation have not been effective. 8) Increasing numbers of governments are withdrawing from ISDS. 9) ISDS provisions apply not only to the Commonwealth Government, but to state and local governments also. Yet there is no evidence of any consultation with state and local governments on this issue, or on this Bill. 10) ISDS provisions would weaken our sovereignty by removing the rights of the Commonwealth of Australia to make its own binding laws. 11) Arising out of all of the above effects, ISDS provisions are shown to be inherently anti- democratic.
    [Show full text]
  • UN Habitat Discussion Paper on Special Economic Zones and Urbanization
    Discussion Paper – July 1, 2020 Special Economic Zones and Urbanization Factory workers producing masks for protection against viruses. [Shutterstock/ Pgallery] masks for protection producing workers Factory 1. Introduction – objective of the settings within which to respond effectively to the pandemic. Existing inter-urban inequalities are likely to be exacerbated, paper with the most vulnerable sectors of society, including urban informal sectors, being the hardest hit by the negative economic consequences of the crisis. In a post-pandemic Special Economic Zones (SEZs) continue to be widely used context with a weak global economy and strained government across all regions and seek to achieve different economic resources, the role of SEZs to contribute to sustainable policy objectives, with significantly varying degrees of impact. urbanization will be increasingly challenging but also more Experience has shown that proximity to urban centers is critical. a key determinant of success for SEZs. At the same time, as policymakers seek to achieve objectives related to the This paper seeks to address the link between SEZs and Sustainable Development Goals, the success of SEZs will be urbanization and builds on an earlier exchange between increasingly defined in terms of how they can contribute to experts on this subject in February 2020 at the Tenth Session them and to sustainable urbanization in particular. of the World Urban Forum (WUF10) in Abu Dhabi.1 The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light some of the 1 Speakers at the UNCTAD-WUF10 meeting Urbanization and the Role of SEZs on challenges associated with increased urbanization, including 11 February 2020 in Abu Dhabi included: Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Development Funds and $200 Million As a Result of the Fair Trade Minimum Price
    Fair Trade USA® Consumer Packaged Goods Program 1 We Are Fair Trade USA As of 2018, producers have earned a total financial benefit of $610 million through sales of Fair Trade Certified™ products, including over $400 million in Community Development Funds and $200 million as a result of the Fair Trade Minimum Price. 250 1,250 950k 5% Nonprofit Over 250 Fair Trade Over 1,250 950,000 farmers & organization Certified businesses selling workers in 50+ founded in 1998 ingredients 40,000+ Fair countries available Trade Certified impacted in 2018 products in North America 2 2 Fair Trade: A Model for Global Empowerment Fair trade is a simple, powerful and authentic way to communicate to consumers that your brand is dedicated to sustainability. By supporting fair trade, you can improve the lives of farmers, protect the environment and foster community development. Your fair trade purchases allow farmers to increase their productivity, build schools and clinics, prevent child labor, and train farmers to improve their businesses. A commitment A choice to Helping to making a empower consumers make conscious choice farmers and to make the right for a protect the choices the most better world. environment. obvious ones. 3 3 Benefits of Fair Trade Producers National Brands Private Brands Access a new market segment Ignite consumer interest… Attract & grow key retail Access markets of those who only stand out on shelves by using the accounts source fair trade and be seen as a widely-recognized Fair Trade Certified Appeal to the 30+ retailers who leader in social responsibility. seal to tell the story behind your are adding fair trade product and brand.
    [Show full text]
  • Fair Trade in a Wal-Mart World: What Does Globalization Portend for the Triple Bottom Line?
    Chicago-Kent Journal of International and Comparative Law Volume 14 Issue 2 Article 1 1-1-2014 Fair Trade in a Wal-Mart World: What Does Globalization Portend for the Triple Bottom Line? Linda L. Barkacs Craig B. Barkacs Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjicl Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Linda L. Barkacs & Craig B. Barkacs, Fair Trade in a Wal-Mart World: What Does Globalization Portend for the Triple Bottom Line?, 14 Chi.-Kent J. Int'l & Comp. Law 1 (2014). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/ckjicl/vol14/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Journal of International and Comparative Law by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Article Fair Trade in a Wal-Mart World: What Does Globalization Portend for the Triple Bottom Line? Linda L. Barkacs* & Craig B. Barkacs** Abstract Globalization is characterized by such business practices as aggressive outsourcing, ultra-efficient logistics, and the relentless pursuit of cheap labor. Conversely, “fair trade” is an economic and social movement that works through private enforcement mechanisms to ensure that transnational supply chains do not exploit human and social rights.1 Accordingly, fair trade practices are very much in accord with the well-known “triple bottom line” goals of looking out for people, planet, and profits.
    [Show full text]
  • An Historical Perspective of Hong Kong, Shenzhen and The
    AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF HONG KONG, SHENZHEN AND THE SPECIAL ZONES IN CHINA by ROBERT LOW A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES History We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA December 23 1988 © Robert Low, 1989 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of HlSToRV The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date )8 JAti ' W . DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT The Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are an important part of China's latest economic development strategy in its long history and drive for modernization. In many ways, they are as much a product of China's past as they are a product of the post-Mao Open Door Policy and economic reforms, and a precursor of things to come in China. Specially designated zones for trade and contact with foreigners have existed in China since the Tang dynasty when China conducted a frontier trade with its neighbours. The Canton system and the treaty ports were subsequent versions of special zones in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Offshoring and Its Effects on the Labour Market and Productivity: a Survey of Recent Literature
    Offshoring and Its Effects on the Labour Market and Productivity: A Survey of Recent Literature Calista Cheung and James Rossiter, International Department, Yi Zheng, Research Department • Firms relocate production processes ver the past couple of decades, the lower- internationally (offshore) primarily to achieve ing of trade and investment barriers as well cost savings. As offshoring becomes an as technological progress in transportation O and communications have facilitated the increasingly prominent aspect of the globalization of production processes. Firms increas- globalization process, understanding its effects ingly take advantage of the cost savings and other on the economy is important for handling benefits that result from making or buying inputs the policy challenges that arise from structural where they can be produced more efficiently. This phenomenon of production relocation across national changes induced by globalization in general. boundaries is generally known as offshoring.1 Under- • In advanced economies, offshoring of materials standing the implications of offshoring in the current used in manufacturing has risen steadily over context is an important step towards handling the opportunities and challenges of globalization as it the past two decades. The scale of offshoring matures. This article contributes to such understand- in services is much smaller, but has grown ing by summarizing some key findings in the litera- faster than that of materials since the mid- ture on the impact of offshoring on employment, 1990s. The intensity of offshoring in Canada wages, and productivity in developed economies. Note that while offshoring of services is still in its has been higher than in many other advanced infancy, it merits as close a study as that of manufac- economies, probably because of our close turing offshoring, given its unique characteristics and economic relationship with the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Fair Trade: What Does It Mean and Why Does It Matter? (Fourth Draft)*
    Fair trade: what does it mean and why does it matter? (fourth draft)* David Miller Nuffield College, Oxford [email protected] CSSJ Working Papers Series, SJ013 November 2010 Centre for the Study of Social Justice Department of Politics and International Relations University of Oxford Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ United Kingdom Tel: +44 1865 278707 Fax: +44 1865 278725 http://social-justice.politics.ox.ac.uk * Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Centre for the Study of Social Justice, University of Oxford, 12 October 2009 and at the conference on Global Justice and Democracy, University of Frankfurt, 4-6 March 2010. I am grateful to the audiences at those two events for their suggestions, and especially to Clara Brandi, Aaron James, Terry O’Shaughnessy, Mathias Risse, Ben Saunders, Thomas Schramme and Jo Wolff for their detailed comments on previous versions of the written text. CSSJ Working Paper SJ013 November 2010 The early years of the 21st century have witnessed an explosion of work in political theory on global justice and global democracy. The central question has been whether the conceptions of distributive justice and democratic governance that we have developed for use within the context of nation-states can or cannot be extended to the global level. Responses to it initially took the form of a debate between two rival camps – cosmopolitans on the one side and statists or nationalists (or ‘social liberals’1) on the other. In this respect it recalled the debate that took place in earlier years between ‘liberals’ and ‘communitarians’.
    [Show full text]