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Diaporthe Rostrata, a Novel Ascomycete from Juglans Mandshurica Associated with Walnut Dieback

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Diaporthe Rostrata, a Novel Ascomycete from Juglans Mandshurica Associated with Walnut Dieback Mycol Progress (2015) 14:82 DOI 10.1007/s11557-015-1104-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diaporthe rostrata, a novel ascomycete from Juglans mandshurica associated with walnut dieback Xin-Lei Fan1 & Kevin D. Hyde2,3 & Dhanushka Udayanga2,3 & Xing-Yu Wu4 & Cheng-Ming Tian1 Received: 9 May 2015 /Revised: 10 August 2015 /Accepted: 17 August 2015 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Diaporthe rostrata sp. nov., collected from Juglans morph Phomopsis were generally introduced based on host mandshurica in China, is described and illustrated in this pa- association, while published descriptions were generally min- per. The new species is introduced based on its holomorphic imal. This has resulted in both generic names comprising a morphology plus support from phylogenetic analysis. The large number of species, with Index Fungorum (2015) listing sexual and asexual morphs produce rostrate host tissue around 992 epithets for Diaporthe and 984 for Phomopsis. the necks on infected branches or twigs and have aseptate Species identification criteria in Diaporthe were originally alpha conidia, while the sexual morph produces 1-septate as- based on host association, morphology, and culture character- cospores. The new species is compared with other taxa from istics (Mostert et al. 2001; Santos and Phillips 2009; Juglans spp. Udayanga et al. 2012). Most new species in the early literature are based on host association, which is not a good criterion to Keywords Diaporthales . Molecular phylogeny . differentiate Diaporthe/Phomopsis species (Saccardo 1882; Sordariomycetes . Taxonomy Deng 1963;Tai1979;Wei1979; Uecker 1988). Species of Diaporthe often occur on taxonomically unrelated host plants, while a single host plant can be infected by different species Introduction (Mostert et al. 2001; Santos and Phillips 2009; Santos et al. 2011; Thompson et al. 2011). The names Diaporthe and Phomopsis can no longer be used for different morphs of the Diaporthe species are widely distributed with broad host same genus (Wingfield et al. 2012). Diaporthe has generally ranges and are pathogens, endophytes, and/or saprobes of been favored against Phomopsis (Santos and Phillips 2009) plants, and also human pathogens (Garcia-Reyne et al. 2011; and in recent publications, Diaporthe has been widely used Udayanga et al. 2011). Species of Diaporthe and its asexual against the asexual morph genus Phomopsis as it is the older Section Editor: Gerhard Rambold name (Diaporthe 1970 vs. Phomopsis 1905), most common in nature, and most often applied to this important pathogenic * Cheng-Ming Tian genus (Udayanga et al. 2011). We, therefore, use the name [email protected] Diaporthe in this paper for both the sexual and asexual morphs. The sexual morph of Diaporthe is characterized by im- 1 The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China mersed ascomata and an erumpent pseudostroma with more or less elongated perithecial necks. Asci are unitunicate, cla- 2 International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, vate to cylindrical and ascospores are hyaline, 1-septate, and Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, China sometimes with appendages (Udayanga et al. 2011). The asex- 3 Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, and School of Science, ual morph is characterized by ostiolate conidiomata, with cy- Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand lindrical phialides producing up to three types of hyaline, 4 Forest Diseases and Pest Control & Quarantine Station of Qinzhou aseptate conidia; alpha conidia being most often produced District, Tianshui, Gansu 741000, China (Udayanga et al. 2011). Molecular data is needed to Mycol Progress (2015) 14:82 Page 7 of 8 82 group of perithecia (2–4vs.13–32), without circular arrange- Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. – ment, that whitens the bark (Dearness 1916). Focus 12:13 15 Gao YH, Sun W, Su YY, Cai L (2014a) Three new species of Phomopsis In the past it was difficult to name Diaporthe species as in Gutianshan nature reserve in China. Mycol Prog 13:111–121 morphology overlapped, and this caused confused species Gao YH, Su YY, Sun W, Cai L (2014b) Diaporthe species occurring on delimitation. Udayanga et al. (2012) clarified the naming of Lithocarpus glabra in China, with descriptions of five new species. species, using concordance of multigene genealogy in various Fungal Biol. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.06.006 Garcia-Reyne A, López-Medrano F, Morales JM et al (2011) Cutaneous combinations and provided evidence for using this approach infection by Phomopsis longicolla in a renal transplant recipient in defining Diaporthe species. Previous records of Diaporthe from Guinea: first report of human infection by this fungus. (and Phomopsis) species in China were based on morphology Transpl Infect Dis 13:204–207 and host association (Deng 1963;Tai1979;Wei1979), and, Glass NL, Donaldson GC (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous thus, the checklists need re-evaluation with molecular data. ascomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1323–1330 Several species of Diaporthe have recently been reported from Gomes RR, Glienke C, Videira SIR, Lombard L, Groenewald JZ, Crous diseased leaves and fruits with molecular support. These in- PW (2013) Diaporthe: a genus of endophytic, saprobic and plant clude D. citrichinensis Huang, Hyde & Li and D. citriasiana pathogenic fungi. Persoonia: Mol Phylogeny Evol Fungi 31:1 Graves AH (1923) The Melanconis disease of the butternut (Juglans Huang, Hyde & Li from Citrus spp., D. ovoicicola Gao & Cai cinerea L.). Phytopathology 13:411–435 from Lithocarpus glaber (Thunberg) Nakai, D. ternstroemia Guindon S, Dufayard JF, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O (Gao, Sun & Cai) Gao & Cai from Ternstroemia gymnanthera (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum- (Wight & Arnott) Beddome, D. neoviticola Udayanga, Crous likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol 59:307–321 & Hyde from grapes, and D. phragmitis Crous from Hillis DM, Bull JJ (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method Phramites australis (Cav.) Trin. & Steud. (Udayanga et al. for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Syst Biol 42:182– 2012; Huang et al. 2013; Crous et al. 2014; Gao et al. 192 2014a, b). Further studies are needed to clarify the species of Huang F, Hou X, Dewdney MM, Fu Y, Chen G, Hyde KD, Li H (2013) Diaporthe species occurring on citrus in China. Fungal Divers 61: Diaporthe associated with branch and twig dieback or canker 237–250 disease in China and other countries. Hyde KD, Nilsson RH, Alias SA et al (2014) One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014). Fungal Divers Acknowledgments This study was financed by the National Natural 67:21–125 Science Foundation of China (31170603) and the Fundamental Research Katoh K, Toh H (2010) Parallelization of the MAFFT multiple sequence Funds for the Central Universities (BLYJ201404). The authors would like alignment program. Bioinformatics 26:1899–1900 to thank Chungen Piao and Minwei Guo (China Forestry Culture Collec- Mostert L, Crous PW, Kang JC, Phillips AJ (2001) Species of Phomopsis tion Center (CFCC), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing) for support and a Libertella sp. occurring on grapevines with specific reference of strains preservation in this study. to South Africa: morphological, cultural, molecular and pathological characterization. Mycologia 93:146–167 O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Nirenberg HI (1998) Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. References Mycologia 90:465–493 Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA – Anagnostakis SL (2007) Diaporthe eres (Phomopsis oblonga) as a path- substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817 818 ogen of butternut (Juglans cinerea) in connecticut. Plant Dis 91: Rambaut A, Drummond A (2010) FigTree v.1.3.1. Institute of evolution- 1198 ary biology. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Rannala B, Yang Z (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolu- Carbone I, Kohn LM (1999) A method for designing primer sets for tionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. J Mol Evol speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91:553– 43:304–311 556 Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic Cho WD, Shin HD (2004) List of plant diseases in Korea. Korean Society inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574 of Plant Pathology, Korea Saccardo PA (1882) Sylloge fungorum vol 1. Typis Seminarii, Italy (in Chomnunti P, Hongsanan S, Aguirre-hudson B et al (2014) The sooty – Latin) moulds. Fungal Divers 66:1 36 Saccardo PA (1931) Sylloge fungorum vol 25. Typis Seminarii, Italy (in Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpers JA, Robert V, Stegehuis G (2004a) Latin) MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st Santos JM, Phillips AJL (2009) Resolving the complex of Diaporthe – century. Stud Mycol 50:19 22 (Phomopsis) species occurring on Foeniculum vulgare in Portugal. Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Risède JM, Simoneau P, Hywel-Jones NL Fungal Divers 34:111 (2004b) Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: Santos JM, Vrandečić K, Ćosić J, Duvnjak T, Phillips AJL (2011) – species with sphaeropedunculate vesicles. Stud Mycol 50:415 430 Resolving the Diaporthe species occurring on
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