Anatomy & Physiology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Anatomy & Physiology 2011 I ADvAnCeD An Atomy & Physiology for iCD-10-Cm/PCs An essential resource for diagnostic and procedural coding. Introduction The Advanced Anatomy and Physiology for ICD-10-CM/PCS Overview is designed to introduce medical coders to the new ICD-10- CM/PCS system, the differences between ICD-9-CM and Developing an understanding of anatomy and physiology from ICD-10-CM, and additionally to provide a more advanced a coding perspective is one challenge coders face. Most anatomy understanding of body systems, diseases/disease processes, and and physiology courses begin with general information on anatomy. structural organization and function beginning with an overview of the chemical level (atoms and molecules), cellular level, tissue Each chapter in this book contains a systemized approach to level, organ level, and proceed to the body system level. Even learning. Course objectives begin each chapter followed by an after taking introductory anatomy and physiology courses, overview of the given chapter topic. A thorough discussion many coders have difficulty identifying the correct diagnosis or provides the reader with the specifics of advanced coding in procedure code. This difficulty is due to a number of factors, ICD-10-CM and how it relates to the ICD-9-CM system. not the least of which is the organization of the coding systems Official Coding Guidelines for both coding systems are listed themselves. side-by-side to allow easy comparison of similarities and changes. Questions are provided to evoke thoughtful consideration of Diagnostic and procedural coding systems are not organized effective coding. Additionally, chapter-specific terminology in the same fashion as most anatomy and physiology texts. are defined to foster greater learning. A quiz ends each chapter Instead, diagnostic coding systems are organized by the disease allowing the reader to test their knowledge. Quiz answers can or disease process which may sometimes be found under a body be found on the following web site: www.contexodata.com/ system but may also be found under different designations API10/ such as neoplasms, infections, or signs and symptoms. CPT procedure codes are organized by type of service or procedure Refer to the end of this chapter for a detailed summary of the (e.g., evaluation and management, surgical, radiological, etc) organization of this book. and then depending on the section may be organized by body system (surgical section), physician specialty (medicine section), Course Objectives or more specific types of service (radiology section). ICD-9- CM Volume 3 was organized by the body system on which This course is designed to provide: the procedure was performed, but because the available code • A solid foundation in basic human anatomy and physiology numbers in some body systems were exhausted years ago, some • A review of each body system with in-depth information on new procedures on specific body systems are listed in the tabular cells, tissues, and organs that comprise each body system sections under Procedures and Interventions Not Elsewhere Classified or Miscellaneous Procedures. ICD-10- PCS is organized • In-depth information on the function of cells, tissues, in sections for the general type of procedure performed (e.g., organs, and body systems and the roles they play in Medical/Surgical, Obstetrics, Placement, Administration, etc.), maintaining homeostasis and health then by body system, root operation, body part, approach, • An overview of diseases and disease processes specific to device, and qualifier. each body system In this course, each body system will be covered in a separate • A discussion of the effects of diseases and disease processes chapter with the chapter objectives identified at the beginning. on multiple body systems The chapters will first discuss pertinent information starting at • Information on multi-system diseases and disease processes the chemical level and then progress through each level to the body system level. Both structure and function will be discussed. • Advanced medical terminology specific to each body system Within each chapter, the diseases, disease processes, conditions, • The relations between anatomy and physiology and code and symptoms related to the body system will be discussed. capture in diagnosis and procedure coding Specific medical terminology required to identify diagnosis and • New anatomical and physiological documentation procedure codes correctly will be reviewed. New documentation requirements for code capture in ICD-10-CM and ICD- requirements needed to capture codes in ICD-10-CM and 10-PCS ICD-10-PCS will also be covered. Each chapter will end with a © 2011 Contexo Media i Section I I Section Anatomy and Physiology for ICD-10-CM In order to use ICD-10-CM effectively, the ICD-10-CM A. Conventions for the ICD-9-CM A. Conventions for the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting must be reviewed and compared with the current ICD-9-CM Guidelines. The See Section I.C2. General guidelines. ICD-10-CM and ICD-9-CM Guidelines specific to each See Section I.C.19. Adverse body system are included in the chapter related to that body effects, poisoning, underdosing system. They are displayed side-by-side so that any changes to and toxic effects . the guidelines are readily apparent. Here in the introduction 1. Format: 2. Format and Structure: to Section I, two tables are provided with the conventions and The ICD-9-CM uses an indented The ICD-10-CM Tabular List contains general guidelines in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM displayed format for ease in reference. categories, subcategories and side-by-side. See Appendix A for complete guidelines for both codes. Characters for categories, ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM. subcategories and codes may Coding conventions for ICD-10-CM contain many of the be either a letter or a number. conventions found in ICD-9-CM. However, because the format All categories are 3 characters. A and structure of the ICD-10-CM has undergone a number of three-character category that has changes, ICD-10-CM contains some additional information on no further subdivision is equivalent coding conventions and also some changes when compared to to a code. Subcategories are either ICD-9-CM. It is suggested that the Conventions Table below 4 or 5 characters. Codes may be 4, be carefully reviewed prior to doing the coding in each chapter. 5, 6 or 7 characters. That is, each level of subdivision after a category Table 1. Conventions Table is a subcategory. The final level of subdivision is a code. All codes A. Conventions for the ICD-9-CM A. Conventions for the ICD-10-CM in the Tabular List of the official The conventions for the ICD-9-CM The conventions for the ICD-10-CM version of the ICD-10-CM are in are the general rules for use of are the general rules for use of bold. Codes that have applicable the classification independent of the classification independent of 7th characters are still referred the guidelines. These conventions the guidelines. These conventions to as codes, not subcategories. A are incorporated within the are incorporated within the code that has an applicable 7th index and tabular of the ICD-9- Index and Tabular of the ICD- character is considered invalid CM as instructional notes. The 10-CM as instructional notes. without the 7th character. conventions are as follows: The ICD-10-CM uses an indented 1. The Alphabetic Index format for ease in reference. and Tabular List 3. Use of codes for The ICD-10-CM is divided into the reporting purposes Index, an alphabetical list of terms For reporting purposes only codes and their corresponding code, and are permissible, not categories or the Tabular List, a chronological list subcategories, and any applicable of codes divided into chapters based 7th character is required. on body system or condition. The Index is divided into two parts, the Index to Diseases and Injury, and the Index to External Causes of Injury. Within the Index of Diseases and Injury there is a Neoplasm Table and a Table of Drugs and Chemicals. © 2011 Contexo Media ix Blood, Blood Forming Organs, and Immune System Advanced Anatomy and Physiology for ICD-10-CM/PCS building blocks for all blood cell types. Each type of blood cell goes molecule of oxygen. The oxygen is then transported from the through a maturation process of two or more stages as follows: lungs to other tissues where the iron atoms release the oxygen Primitive reticular cell -> which is diffused into interstitial fluid. The globin portion of Hemocytoblast -> hemoglobin then combines with a molecule of carbon dioxide Rubriblast -> Prorubricyte -> Rubricyte -> Normoblast -> which is transported from the tissue and released in the lungs. Reticulocyte -> Erythrocyte Red blood cells have a short life span, becoming nonfunctional Myeloblast -> in about 120 days. This means that red blood cells must Basophil continually be produced. This process occurs in the bone Eosinophil marrow. Any disease of the bone marrow can affect the number Neutrophil of circulating red blood cells. Any time the number of functional Megakaryoblast -> Megakaryocyte -> Thrombocytes (platelets) red blood cells is reduced, or the hemoglobin content of the red blood cell is below normal, a condition called anemia results. Lymphoblast -> Lymphocytes Anemia has many causes including lack of iron intake in food, Monoblast -> Monocytes amino acid deficiencies, or vitamin B12 deficiencies. Blood cells Leukocytes Leukocytes, more commonly referred to as white blood cells, Immune System Immune Granular leukocytes
Recommended publications
  • Signal Processing Techniques for Phonocardiogram De-Noising and Analysis
    -3C).1 CBME CeaEe for Bionedio¡l Bnginocdng Adelaide Univenity Signal Processing Techniques for Phonocardiogram De-noising and Analysis by Sheila R. Messer 8.S., Urriversity of the Pacific, Stockton, California, IJSA Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering Science ADELAIDE U N IVERSITY AUSTRALIA Adelaide University Adelaide, South Australia Department of Electrical and Electronic Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences July 2001 Contents Abstract vi Declaration vll Acknowledgement vul Publications lx List of Figures IX List of Tables xlx Glossary xxii I Introduction I 1.1 Introduction 2 t.2 Brief Description of the Heart 4 1.3 Heart Sounds 7 1.3.1 The First Heart Sound 8 1.3.2 The Second Heart Sound . 8 1.3.3 The Third and Fourth Heart Sounds I I.4 Electrical Activity of the Heart I 1.5 Literature Review 11 1.5.1 Time-Flequency and Time-Scale Decomposition Based De-noising 11 I CO]VTE]VTS I.5.2 Other De-noising Methods t4 1.5.3 Time-Flequency and Time-Scale Analysis . 15 t.5.4 Classification and Feature Extraction 18 1.6 Scope of Thesis and Justification of Research 23 2 Equipment and Data Acquisition 26 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 History of Phonocardiography and Auscultation 26 2.2.L Limitations of the Hurnan Ear 26 2.2.2 Development of the Art of Auscultation and the Stethoscope 28 2.2.2.L From the Acoustic Stethoscope to the Electronic Stethoscope 29 2.2.3 The Introduction of Phonocardiography 30 2.2.4 Some Modern Phonocardiography Systems .32 2.3 Signal (ECG/PCG) Acquisition Process .34 2.3.1 Overview of the PCG-ECG System .34 2.3.2 Recording the PCG 34 2.3.2.I Pick-up devices 34 2.3.2.2 Areas of the Chest for PCG Recordings 37 2.3.2.2.I Left Ventricle Area (LVA) 37 2.3.2.2.2 Right Ventricular Area (RVA) 38 oaooe r^fr /T ce a.!,a.2.{ !v¡u Ãurlo¡^+-;^l ¡rr!o^-^^ \!/ ^^\r¡ r/ 2.3.2.2.4 Right Atrial Area (RAA) 38 2.3.2.2.5 Aortic Area (AA) 38 2.3.2.2.6 Pulmonary Area (PA) 39 ll CO]VTE]VTS 2.3.2.3 The Recording Process .
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrated Framework for Cardiac Sounds Diagnosis
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-2015 An Integrated Framework for Cardiac Sounds Diagnosis Zichun Tong Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Computer Engineering Commons, and the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Tong, Zichun, "An Integrated Framework for Cardiac Sounds Diagnosis" (2015). Master's Theses. 671. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/671 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR CARDIAC SOUNDS DIAGNOSIS by Zichun Tong A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of Master of Science in Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Western Michigan University December 2015 Thesis Committee: Ikhlas Abdel-Qader, Ph.D., Chair Raghe Gejji, Ph.D. Azim Houshyar, Ph.D. AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR CARDIAC SOUNDS DIAGNOSIS Zichun Tong, M.S.E. Western Michigan University, 2015 The Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal contains valuable information about the cardiac condition and is a useful tool in recognizing dysfunction and heart failure. By analyzing the PCG, early detection and diagnosis of heart diseases can be accomplished since many pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system cause murmurs or abnormal heart sounds. This thesis presents an algorithm to classify normal and abnormal heart sound signals using PCG. The proposed analysis is based on a framework composed of several statistical signal analysis techniques such as wavelet based de-noising, energy-based segmentation, Hilbert-Huang transform based feature extraction, and Support Vector Machine based classification.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Ballistocardiography
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Biomedica Tesi di Laurea Magistrale Ballistocardiographic heart and breathing rates detection Relatore: Candidato: Prof.ssa Gabriella Olmo Emanuela Stirparo ANNO ACCADEMICO 2018-2019 Acknowledgements A conclusione di questo lavoro di tesi vorrei ringraziare tutte le persone che mi hanno sostenuta ed accompagnata lungo questo percorso. Ringrazio la Professoressa Gabriella Olmo per avermi dato la possibilità di svolgere la tesi nell’azienda STMicroelectronics e per la disponibilità mostratami. Ringrazio l’intero team: Luigi, Stefano e in particolare Marco, Valeria ed Alessandro per avermi aiutato in questo percorso con suggerimenti e consigli. Grazie per essere sempre stati gentili e disponibili, sia in campo professionale che umano. Un ringraziamento lo devo anche a Giorgio, per avermi fornito tutte le informazioni e i dettagli tecnici in merito al sensore utilizzato. Vorrei ringraziare anche tutti i ragazzi che hanno condiviso con me questa esperienza ed hanno contribuito ad alleggerire le giornate lavorative in azienda. Ringrazio i miei amici e compagni di università: Ilaria e Maria, le amiche sulle quali posso sempre contare nonostante la distanza; Rocco, compagno di viaggio, per i consigli e per aver condiviso con me gioie così come l’ansia e le paure per gli esami; Valentina e Beatrice perché ci sono e ci sono sempre state; Rosy, compagna di studi ma anche di svago; Sara, collega diligente e sempre con una parola di supporto, grazie soprattuto per tutte le dritte di questo ultimo periodo. Il più grande ringraziamento va ai miei genitori, il mio punto di riferimento, il mio sostegno di questi anni.
    [Show full text]
  • Welch Allyn Stethoscopes Hear the Difference
    Welch Allyn Stethoscopes Hear the Difference. Welch Allyn Stethoscopes Hear the difference from the leader in diagnostic care For almost 100 years, we have been focused on providing exceptional performance and value from every Welch Allyn device. Our complete lineup of stethoscopes are no exception. From our innovative sensor-based Elite Electronic stethoscope, the Harvey DLX with trumpet brass construction for improved sound, to our well-known disposable line, every Welch Allyn product has been designed to provide you—the caregiver—with outstanding value and performance. Electronic Stethoscopes Hear more of what you need and less of what you don’t Elite Electronic with SensorTech™ Technology Welch Allyn’s sensor-based electronic stethoscope gives you precise sound pickup—minimizing vibration, resonance and sound loss. This makes it easier to detect low diastolic murmurs and high-pitched pulmonary sounds you might not hear with other stethoscopes. Unlike traditional amplified stethoscopes that use a microphone in the head to collect the sound, the Elite Electronic places the acoustical sensor directly in contact with the diaphragm, allowing it to pick up even the faintest of sounds. Sound waves are then converted directly from the sensor to an electronic signal, minimizing unwanted ambient noise. • 2-position filter switch lets you listen to high or low frequencies • Adjustable binaurals and eartips ensure all-day comfort • Long-life lithium ion battery lasts up to 140 hours • Fits comfortably around your neck or in your pocket • 1-year warranty The Analyzer— Phonocardiogram and ECG right on your PC Record, playback, analyze, store, and share files right from your PC.
    [Show full text]
  • The-Impact-Of-Murmur-S-Severity-On-The-Cardiac-Variability.Pdf
    Research Article Journal of Medical Research and Surgery Mokeddem F, et al., J Med Res Surg 2020, 1:6 The Impact of Murmur’s Severity on the Cardiac Variability F. Mokeddem, Fadia Meziani, L. Hamza Cherif, SM Debbal* Genie-Biomedical Laboratory (GBM), Department of Genie-Biomedical, Faculty of Technology, University of Aboubekr Belkaid-Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen, Algeria 5Internal Medicine, Bonita Community Health Center, Florida, USA Correspondence to: SM Debbal, Genie-Biomedical Laboratory (GBM), Department of Genie-Biomedical, Faculty of Technology, University of Aboubekr Belkaid- Tlemcen, BP 119, Tlemcen, Algeria; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: October 17, 2020; Accepted date: October 28, 2020; Published date: November 4, 2020 Citation: Mokeddem F, Meziani F, Cherif LH, et al. (2020) The Impact of Murmur’s Severity on the Cardiac Variability. J Med Res Surg 1(6): pp. 1-6. Copyright: ©2020 Mokeddem F, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACT Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is one of the useful approach to explore cardiac activity, and extract many features to help researchers to develop technic that may serve medical stuff to the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. For people when it comes to a heart activity problem it is a serious health matter that need special care. In this paper, the importance is given to heart murmurs to highlight their impact. Heart murmurs are very common disease in world and depend on their severity they could be life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: first is to design an algorithm to extract only heart murmurs from a pathological Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal as a basic background to the whole work.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Trends in the Cardiovascular System from Time Interval Measurements Using Physiological Signals Obtained at the Limbs
    ADVERTIMENT . La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ( www.tesisenxarxa.net ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA . La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ( www.tesisenred.net ) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Respiration on the Monitoring of Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output by the Electrical Impedance Technique
    European Journal of Europ. J. Intensive Care Medicine 2, 3-6 (1976) Intensive Care Medicine © by Springer-Verlag 1976 The Effect of Respiration on the Monitoring of Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output by the Electrical Impedance Technique J. Endresen and D. W. Hill Research Department of Anaesthetics, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, England Abstract. In six volunteers (5 male, 1 female) it has been shown that normal respiration made no statistical difference to the estimates of the mean stroke volume and the mean cardiac output as determined by the electrical impedance method of Kubicek et al, (1966). The coefficient of variation was usually increased by respiration. The use of those stroke volumes which occur only at end-expiration was not shown to yield a greater reproducibility with 3 other male volunteers. In the female subject it was found that the use of a digital averager triggered from the preceding R-wave of the ECG gave values for the mean stroke volume and cardiac output which were always lower than the conven- tional mean values obtained from a number of strokes. The expense of either of these approaches does not appear to be justified as a means of compensating for the effects of normal respiration on the impedance dZ/dt waveform. Key words: Impedance cardiogram, Cardiac output, Stroke volume, Averaging. Introduction baseline, although the differentiator circuit makes the dZ/dt tracing less affected by respiration than the 2xZ The thoracic impedance technique developed by Kubicek tracing. et al. (1966) for the monitoring of changes in stroke vol- ume and cardiac output has proved to be of value, for The movement of the dZ/dt tracing with respiration is example, in monitoring such changes occurring during an- most evident during automatic ventilation of the lungs aesthesia (Hill and Lowe, 1973; Lenz et al., 1976).
    [Show full text]
  • Icd-9-Cm (2010)
    ICD-9-CM (2010) PROCEDURE CODE LONG DESCRIPTION SHORT DESCRIPTION 0001 Therapeutic ultrasound of vessels of head and neck Ther ult head & neck ves 0002 Therapeutic ultrasound of heart Ther ultrasound of heart 0003 Therapeutic ultrasound of peripheral vascular vessels Ther ult peripheral ves 0009 Other therapeutic ultrasound Other therapeutic ultsnd 0010 Implantation of chemotherapeutic agent Implant chemothera agent 0011 Infusion of drotrecogin alfa (activated) Infus drotrecogin alfa 0012 Administration of inhaled nitric oxide Adm inhal nitric oxide 0013 Injection or infusion of nesiritide Inject/infus nesiritide 0014 Injection or infusion of oxazolidinone class of antibiotics Injection oxazolidinone 0015 High-dose infusion interleukin-2 [IL-2] High-dose infusion IL-2 0016 Pressurized treatment of venous bypass graft [conduit] with pharmaceutical substance Pressurized treat graft 0017 Infusion of vasopressor agent Infusion of vasopressor 0018 Infusion of immunosuppressive antibody therapy Infus immunosup antibody 0019 Disruption of blood brain barrier via infusion [BBBD] BBBD via infusion 0021 Intravascular imaging of extracranial cerebral vessels IVUS extracran cereb ves 0022 Intravascular imaging of intrathoracic vessels IVUS intrathoracic ves 0023 Intravascular imaging of peripheral vessels IVUS peripheral vessels 0024 Intravascular imaging of coronary vessels IVUS coronary vessels 0025 Intravascular imaging of renal vessels IVUS renal vessels 0028 Intravascular imaging, other specified vessel(s) Intravascul imaging NEC 0029 Intravascular
    [Show full text]
  • Ballistocardiography Eduardo Pinheiro*, Octavian Postolache and Pedro Girão
    The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal, 2010, 4, 201-216 201 Open Access Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: Ballistocardiography Eduardo Pinheiro*, Octavian Postolache and Pedro Girão Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Torre Norte piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal Abstract: Due to recent technological improvements, namely in the field of piezoelectric sensors, ballistocardiography – an almost forgotten physiological measurement – is now being object of a renewed scientific interest. Transcending the initial purposes of its development, ballistocardiography has revealed itself to be a useful informative signal about the cardiovascular system status, since it is a non-intrusive technique which is able to assess the body’s vibrations due to its cardiac, and respiratory physiological signatures. Apart from representing the outcome of the electrical stimulus to the myocardium – which may be obtained by electrocardiography – the ballistocardiograph has additional advantages, as it can be embedded in objects of common use, such as a bed or a chair. Moreover, it enables measurements without the presence of medical staff, factor which avoids the stress caused by medical examinations and reduces the patient’s involuntary psychophysiological responses. Given these attributes, and the crescent number of systems developed in recent years, it is therefore pertinent to revise all the information available on the ballistocardiogram’s physiological interpretation, its typical waveform information, its features and distortions, as well as the state of the art in device implementations. Keywords: Ballistocardiography, biomedical measurements, cardiac signal analysis, cardiovascular system monitoring, unobtrusive instrumentation. INTRODUCTION golden age of ballistocardiography, were labelled: “high frequency” [8], “low frequency” [9], and “ultra-low Ballistocardiography (coined from the Greek, frequency” [4, 5, 10-14].
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Estimation Using Phonocardiogram
    1 Non-invasive Blood Pressure Estimation Using Phonocardiogram Amirhossein Esmaili, Mohammad Kachuee, Mahdi Shabany Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] propagation in vessels and can be estimated by the time that Abstract—This paper presents a novel approach based on pulse it takes for the pressure wave to travel from one point of transit time (PTT) for the estimation of blood pressure (BP). In the arterial tree (proximal point) to another one (distal point) order to achieve this goal, a data acquisition hardware is designed for high-resolution sampling of phonocardiogram (PCG) and within the same cardiac cycle. This time interval is called pulse photoplethysmogram (PPG). These two signals can derive PTT transit time (PTT). values. Meanwhile, a force-sensing resistor (FSR) is placed under The main principle behind using PWV for BP estimation the cuff of the BP reference device to mark the moments of is that the blood flow in the arteries can be modeled as the measurements accurately via recording instantaneous cuff pres- propagation of pressure waves inside elastic tubes. According sure. For deriving the PTT-BP models, a calibration procedure including a supervised physical exercise is conducted for each to [2], by assuming vessels like elastic tubes, the following individual. The proposed method is evaluated on 24 subjects. formulation for PTT can be derived: s The final results prove that using PCG for PTT measurement ρA alongside the proposed models, the BP can be estimated reliably. PTT = l m ; (1) P −P0 2 πAP1[1 + ( ) ] Since the use of PCG requires a minimal low-cost hardware, the P1 proposed method enables ubiquitous BP estimation in portable healthcare devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances in Seismocardiography
    vibration Review Recent Advances in Seismocardiography Amirtahà Taebi 1,2,* , Brian E. Solar 2, Andrew J. Bomar 2,3, Richard H. Sandler 2,3 and Hansen A. Mansy 2 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA 2 Biomedical Acoustics Research Laboratory, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; [email protected] (B.E.S.); [email protected] (A.J.B.); [email protected] (R.H.S.); [email protected] (H.A.M.) 3 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-407-580-4654 Received: 29 August 2018; Accepted: 4 January 2019; Published: 14 January 2019 Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide. New diagnostic tools are needed to provide early detection and intervention to reduce mortality and increase both the duration and quality of life for patients with heart disease. Seismocardiography (SCG) is a technique for noninvasive evaluation of cardiac activity. However, the complexity of SCG signals introduced challenges in SCG studies. Renewed interest in investigating the utility of SCG accelerated in recent years and benefited from new advances in low-cost lightweight sensors, and signal processing and machine learning methods. Recent studies demonstrated the potential clinical utility of SCG signals for the detection and monitoring of certain cardiovascular conditions. While some studies focused on investigating the genesis of SCG signals and their clinical applications, others focused on developing proper signal processing algorithms for noise reduction, and SCG signal feature extraction and classification.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Multiscale Frequency Characteristics of Normal Phonocardiogram with Diseased Heart States
    Proceedings of the 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference DMD2020 April 6, 7-9, 2020, Minneapolis, MN, USA DMD2020-9090 Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/BIOMED/proceedings-pdf/DMD2020/83549/V001T01A015/6552786/v001t01a015-dmd2020-9090.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 COMPARISON OF MULTISCALE FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAL PHONOCARDIOGRAM WITH DISEASED HEART STATES Divaakar Siva Baala Anoushka Kapoor Jackie Xie Sundaram Department of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Department of Biomedical University of Minnesota Engineering, University of Informatics and Computational Rochester, MN, USA Minnesota Biology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA Rochester, MN, USA Natalie C. Xu Prissha Krishna Moorthy Rogith Balasubramani Department of Biomedical Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electronics and Engineering, University of University of Texas, Communication Engineering, Minnesota Arlington, Texas, USA Velalar College of Engineering Minneapolis, MN, USA and Technology, Thindal, Erode Tamil Nadu, INDIA Suganti Shivaram Anjani Muthyala Shivaram Poigai Arunachalam Department of Pharmacology, Department of Cardiovascular Department of Radiology, Mayo Mayo Clinic Medicine, Mayo Clinic Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Rochester, MN, USA Rochester, MN, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT significance at p < 0.05. Results indicate that MSF successfully discriminated normal and abnormal heart sounds, which can aid Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals are electrical recording of in PCG classification with more sophisticated analysis. heart sounds containing vital information of diagnostic Validation of this technique with larger dataset is required. importance. Several signal processing methods exist to characterize PCG, however suffers in terms of sensitivity and Keywords: phonocardiogram, PCG, multiscale frequency, heart specificity in accurately discriminating normal and abnormal sound, cardiac disease. heart sounds. Recently, a multiscale frequency (MSF) analysis of normal PCG was reported to characterize subtle frequency 1.
    [Show full text]